Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Mental Health Nursing test 3
Personality disorders, Eating disorders
116
Science
Undergraduate 2
04/04/2009

Additional Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Personality
Definition
an enduring pattern of behavior to be considered to be both conscious and unconscious and reflects a means of adapting to a particular enviornment and it's cultural, ethical, and community standards
Term
Personality disorder
Definition
an enduring pattern of inner experiences and behavior that deviates markedly from the expextation of the individual's culture.
Term
4 characteristics of Personality Disorder
Definition
1)inflexible and maladaptive response to stress
2)disability in working and loving
3) aility to evoke interpersonal conflict
4) Capacity to get under the skin of others
Term
Inflexible and Maladaptive response to stress
Definition
personality pattern persist unmodified over long periods of time. These rigid behaviors serves the fxn of controlling deep anxiety for the individual
Term
Disability in working and loving
Definition
usually more serious and percasive than other d/o's. Certain characteristics observed are similar to those seen in people with mood disorders and schizophrenic d/o's.
Withdrawl, gradiosity, and suspiciousness. Individual has normal ego fxn and reality testing.
Term
Ability to evoke interpersonal conflict
Definition
intense emotional upheaves and hostility lead to frequent interpersonal conflicts. Lacks the ability to see themself objectively. They lack the desire to alter aspects of their behavior to inrich and maintain important relationships.
Term
Capacity to get under the skin
Definition
Tendency to merge personal boundaries with others. This merging is manifested by the intense effect they have on others. Is usually unconscious and result is undesirable.
Term
Cluster A Personality Disorders
Definition
Paranoid, Schizoid, schizotypal
generally avoid interpersonal relationships, have unusual beliefs, and may be indifferent to the reactions of others.
Term
Cluster B Personality Disorders
Definition
Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, Narcissistic
Term
Cluster C Personality Disorders
Definition
Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive compulsive, NOS
Term
DSM-IV Criteria for a personality Disorder
Definition
1) Cognation
2)Affectivity
3) Interpersonal fxn
4) Impulse control
5) Enduring patttern in inflexable and persvasive across a broad range of situations.
6) Leads to clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other importan areas
7)not better accounted for in another d/o.
8) Not due to substance use or medical condition.
Term
Biological determinants of Personality Disorder
Definition
PDs may represent an extreme variationi of a natural tendency associated with some underlying neurobiological mechanisim.
Term
Biological Determinants
( inherited personality traits
Definition
1) Novelty seeking 6)Introversion
2) Conscientiousness 7) harm avoident
3) Reward dependance 8)Antagonism
4) Persistence 9) Closedness
5) Neuroticism( neg afftect)
Term
extreme introversion may predispose
excessive antagonism & undependability
High levels of neuroticism and extraversion
Definition
Schiziod PD
antisocial PD
Historic PD
Term
Psychosocial Factors
Definition
The learning theory emphasizes that the child develops maladaptive responses based on modeling and reinforcementby others.
Term
Cognitive theory
Definition
Explains that excessive anxiety are caused by a disotrtion in thinking that is amendable to correction.
Term

Splitting

Definition
inability to icorporate positive and negative aspects of oneself or others into a whole image. Is the primary defense used by individuals with borderline personality disorder.
Term
Paranoid personailty disorders
Definition
characterized by distrust and suspiciousness toward others, based on the belief that others want to harm, exploit, and decieve the person. These individuals are hypervigilant,anticipate hostality, and may provoke hostile responses. They demonstrate jealousy, controling behaviors, and unwillingness to forgive. they are reluctant to share info about themselves.
Term
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Definition
has the primary features of emotional detachment. Do not seek out or enjoy interpersonal relationships. may be able to fxn in a solitary occupation but shows indifference to praise or criticism. may be a precursor to schizophrenia or delusional disorder. increased prevalence of the disorder in famlies w/ schizophrenia.
Term
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Definition
central characteristics of odd beliefs leading to interpersonal difficulties. Has an eccentric appearance and shows majical thinking or perceptual distortion that are not clear delisions or hallucinations. can not understand the interpersonal cues in social situations and relates inappropiately to others. may seek help related to the increased anxiety felt in social relationships.
Term
Cluster B:
antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narccisitic
Definition
Cluster_____________??? has dramatic behavior.
Term
Cluster B Personality disorder* (Dramatic)
Histrionic Personality disorder
Definition
Use of suicidal gestures to get attention
sexual seduction and flamboyance
dramatic speech style
craving for immediate satisfaction
somatiziation
Term
Cluster B (dramatic)
Border line Pers. Disorder
Definition
Self mutilates
sucidal ideation
negative angry affect
intense stormy relationships
impulsive acts
cannot be alone, feels abandoned
Term
Cluster C Personality disorder
Obsessive Compulsive PD
Definition
preoccupied with perfection
exessive devotion to work
rejection of praise
rule concious behavior
reluctance to delegate
procrastination
Term
Cluster C (anxious/fearful
dependent personality disorder
Definition
Clings to people
cant express negative emotions
cannot follow thru on a task
cannot make an independent decision
Term
Cluster C ( anxious /fearful)
Avoidant personality disorder
Definition
Fears criticism
negative sense of self
Term
Cluster A:
paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal
Definition
Cluster that is described as the odd or eccentric cluster:
Term
Cluster A :
paranoid schizoid and schizotypal
Definition
All types in this cluster have difficulty relating to others; will isolate; cannot socialize
Term
Cluster A: (odd/eccentric)
schiotypal disorder
Definition
believes that all events are related to themselves
strong belief/preoccupaton in the paranormal and magical
believes they have magical control over others
socially anxious
Term
Sublimation
Definition
conversion of anger into walking the dog/soccer/build a house
Term
Displacement
Definition
Takes it out on the dog is an example of ?
Term
intellectualizing
Definition
cold and anylitical/keeps in the analyzing and doesnt deal with anger
Term
Denial
Definition
addicts and alcoholics are most often in a state of ?
Term
Repression
Definition
Sexual Abuse victims are often in a state of ?
Term
Anxiety
Definition
Klonopin is used for
Term
The increase in eating disorders in the late 20th century has coincided with 3 major cultural trends.
Name these 3 cultural trends.

1-
2-
3-
Definition
1- fashon industry
2- diet & fitness industry
3- womens movement
Term
Characterized primarily by binge eating & purging behavior:

a) anorexia nervosa
b) bulimia nervosa
Definition
b) bulimia nervosa
Term
Characterized primarily by self starvation & distorted body imaage:

a) anorexia nervosa
b) bulimia nervosa
Definition
a) anorexia nervosa
Term
Sociocultural factors that contribute greatly to the growing trend of eating disorders are all of the following except:

a) diet & fitness industry
b) fashion industry
c) women’s liberation movement
d) perfectionism
e) developmental peer pressure
Definition
d) perfectionism

This is a psychogenic factor
Term
Psychogenic factors that are associated with eating disorders are all of the following except:

a) Family HX of depression
b) Low self-esteem
c) Perfectionism
d) Affective instability
e) "people pleaser” mentality
Definition
a) Family HX of depression

This is considered a biological factor
Term
Familial factors associated with eating disorders are all of the following except:

a) Enmeshment
b) Affective instability
c) Poor conflict resolution
d) Separation issues
e) Alcoholism or sexual abuse
Definition
b) Affective instability

This is considered to be a a psychogenic factor
Term
The etiology of eating disorders is broken down into 4 categories. Identify which of the following categories is not associated with the etiology of eating disorders:

a) biologic factors
b) sociocultural factors
c) cultural factors
d) psychologic factors
e) familial factors
Definition
c) cultural factors

this is a factor in the epidemiology
Term
Rapidly fluctuating moods is termed:

a) social insecurity
b) alexythemia
c) affective instability
d) interpersonal distrust
e) interoceptive deficits
f) dichotomous thinking
g) erroneous control
h) personalization
Definition
c) affective instability
Term
Difficulty naming & expressing emotions is referred to as:

a) social insecurity
b) alexythemia
c) affective instability
d) interpersonal distrust
e) interoceptive deficits
f) dichotomous thinking
g) erroneous control
h) personalization
Definition
b) alexythemia
Term
The inability to correctly identify & respond to bodily sensations is called:

a) social insecurity
b) alexythemia
c) affective instability
d) interpersonal distrust
e) interoceptive deficits
f) dichotomous thinking
g) erroneous control
h) personalization
Definition
e) interoceptive deficits
Term
Individuals who view situations as either all good or all bad:

a) social insecurity
b) alexythemia
c) affective instability
d) interpersonal distrust
e) interoceptive deficits
f) dichotomous thinking
g) erroneous control
h) personalization
Definition
f) dichotomous thinking
Term
g) erroneous control
Definition
Individuals that feel soley responsible for the happiness & failure of others:

a) social insecurity
b) alexythemia
c) affective instability
d) interpersonal distrust
e) interoceptive deficits
f) dichotomous thinking
g) erroneous control
h) personalization
Term
personalization
Definition
Individuals who compare themselves endlessly with others & believe everything other people do is a reaction to them:
Term
serotonergic
Bulemia nervosa responds favorably to SSRI's, ESPECIALLY PROZAC
Definition
The high co-mormidity of depression & eating disorders has been carefully studied for a bilogic linl. Which abnormality has been noted in both anorexia & bulemia, & even in recovered bulemics:
Term
emeshed
Definition
Nowadays, eating disorders can be found in all socioeconomica levels, races, & cultures with a range of interactive styles. HOwever, many family environments of persons w/eating disorders are tense, rigid, & ____?
Term
emeshed
Definition
Nowadays, eating disorders can be found in all socioeconomica levels, races, & cultures with a range of interactive styles. HOwever, many family environments of persons w/eating disorders are tense, rigid, & ____?
Term
Diagnosed in 40-75% of individuals with eating disorders:
Definition
depression is dx in % of clients w/ EDs and more commonly in bulimia
Term
ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
Definition
PERVASIVE PATTERN OF DISREGARD FOR AND VIOLATION OF THE RUGHTS OF OTHERS OCCURING ABOUT 15 Y/O
Term
Indication of Antisocial Personality D/O
Definition
1) Failure to conform to social norms, Deceitfullness, Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead, Reckless disregard for safety, consistant irresponsibility, lack of remorse, @ least 18 y/o, onset b/f 15
Term
Narcissistic personality disorder
Definition
Pervasive pattern of grandiiosity (fantacy and behavior), need for admiration, lack of empathy, begins in early adulthood and present in variety of contexts.
Term
% or more indication must be present for Narcissistic disorder
Definition
1)has grandiose sense of self-importance 2)is preoccupied w/ fantacies of unlimmited success 3)believe he or she is uniquely special and only relate to higher classes 4)requires excessive admiration 5) sense of entitlement 6) is interpersonally exploitative 7)lacks empathy 8)often envious of others or believes others are envious of self 9)shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes.
Term
Bordserline personality disorder
Definition
pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning in early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts
Term
5 of more indications must be present for Borderline personality disorder
Definition
1) frantic to avoid real or imagined abandonment. 2)unstable or intense pattern in intrapersonal relationships 3)idenity
Term
Schizophrenia
Definition

severe persistant neurologic diseases that affect a persons

  1.  perceptions(hallucinations and delusions),
  2.  Thinking ( delusions,paranoia,disorganized thinking),
  3. Language(associative looseness, poverty of speech),
  4. Emotions(apathy,anhedonia,depression), and
  5. social behavior(agressive, bizarre, or extreme social withdrawl.)
Term
major symptoms seen in psychotic disorders are...
Definition
  • hallucinations,
  • delusions, and
  •   disorganized thinking.
Term
positive symptoms of schizophrenia
Definition

Delusions

Hallucinations

Term
Negative Symptoms of schizophrenia
Definition

are more subtle and are most damaging to the client's quality of life. these symptoms include:

.

  1. feelings of emptiness,
  2. amotivational states,
  3. anhedonia, and
  4. apathy.
Term
Cognitive Symptoms
Definition

Poor problems solving, poor decision making skills, illogical thinking~

all need to be targeted when caring for the client.

Term
symptoms of schizophrenia usually become apparent -----------and paranoid schizophrenia has a _______onset
Definition

Men: 15-25 and

Women:25-35 Later

Term
DSM-IV- criteria for schizophrenia
Definition
Characteristic symptoms: two
Term
Echolalia
Definition
Disorganized thinking Repetition of another's words that is parrot-like and inappropriate
Term
Loose associations
Definition
Disorganized thinking Absence of the normal connectedness of thoughts, ideas, and topics; Sudden shifts withough apparent relationship to preceding topic
Term
Neologisms
Definition
Disorganized thinking Words that are made up that have no common meaning and are not recognized
Term
Referential thinking
Definition
Disorganized thinking Belief that neutral stimuli have special meaning to the individual e.g.: The belief that the tv commentator is talking directly to the individual
Term
Autistic thinking
Definition
Disorganized thinking Restricts thinking to the literal and immediate so that the individual have private rules of logic and reasoning that make no sense to anyone else
Term
Concrete thinking
Definition
Disorganized thinking Lack of abstration in thinking; Inability to understand punch lines, metaphors, and analogies
Term
Clang association
Definition
Disorganized thinking Repitition of words of phrases that are similar in sound but in no other way e.g.:Right, sight, light, might
Term
Neurocognitive impairment
Definition
Independent of positive and negative symptoms
Affects memory (short- and long-term), vigilance, verbal fluency, and executive functioning (volition, planning, purposive action, and self-monitoring behavior)
Term
Aggression
Definition
Disorganized behavior
Behaviors or attitudes that reflect rage, hostility, and the potential for physical or verbal destructiveness
Usually comes about if the person believes someone is going to do him or her harm
Term
Regressed behavior
Definition
Disorganized behavior
Behaving in a manner of a less mature lige stage
Childlike and immature
Term
Hypervigilance
Definition
Disorganized behavior
Systained attendtion to external stimuli as if expecting something important or frightening to happen
Term
Illusions
Definition
Misperception or exaggeration of stimuli that actually exist in the external environment
e.g.: Wrinkles in the bed sheets talking to the individual
Term
Hallucinations
Definition
Perceptual experiences that occur without actual external sensory stimuli
Can involve any of the 5 senses
Auditory and visual are typical, with auditory being the most common
Term
Delusions
Definition
Erroneous fixed, false beliefs that cannot be changed by reasonable argument
e.g.: Grandoise, nihilistic, persecutory, somatic
Term
Grandiose delusions
Definition
Belief that one has exceptional powers, wealth, skill, influence, or destiny
Term
Persecutory delusions
Definition
Belief that one is being watched, ridiculed, harmed, or plotted against
Term
Nihilistic delusions
Definition
Belief that one is dead or a calamity is impending
Term
Somatic delusions
Definition
Beliefs about abnormalities in bodily functions or structures
Term
Negative symptoms of Schizophrenia
Definition
Difficult expressing emotion
Laugh, cry, and get angry less than often
Flat affect
Ambivalence
Inability to complete simple activities of daily living (dressing, combing hair)
Anhedonia
Cause individuals to withdraw and suffer feelings of severe isolation
Term
Extrapyramidal side effects
Definition
Movement disorders caused by some antipsychotics
Related to the blockade of dopamine
Include dystonia, pseudoparkinsonism, and akathisia
Managed by restoring balance between acetylcholine and dopamine (use or anticholinergic drug or reducing dosage of antipsychotic)
Term
Dystonia
or
Dystonic reactions
Definition
EPS
Develops rapidly and dramatically
More common in yound men
Characterized by tense muscles and body contortions
Patients first report thick tongue, tight jaw, or stiff neck
Oculogyric crisis, Torticollis, Retrocollis, Oropharyngeal-pharyngeal hypertonus
Term
Oculogyric crisis
Definition
Dystonia
Muscles that control eye movements tense and pull the eyeball so that the patient is looking toward the ceiling
Eyes appear "rolled back" into the head
Term
Tardive dyskinesia
Definition
A chronic EPS
Characterized by irregular, repetative involuntary movements of the mouth, face, and tongue including chewing, tongue protrusion, lip smacking, puckering of the lips, and rapid eye blinking
Abnormal fnger movements may also occur
Onset after no less than 6 months of treatment
Term
Pseudoparkinsonism
Definition
EPS
Looks just like Parkisnson's disease
Rigidity, akinesia (slowed movement), and tremor are the classic triad
Term
Akathisia
Definition
EPS
Patients are restlessness, report feeling the need to keep moving, feel very uncomfortable
Term
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)
Definition
Life-threatening medical emergency
Characterized by hyperthermia and severe muscle rigidity along with mental status changes, hyper/hypotension, tachypnea/hypoxia, diaphoresis, tremor, or incontinence
Term
What are the low potency typical antipsychotic agents

What is the mechanism of the low potency typical anti-psychotics?
Definition
thioridizine and chlorpromazine

block dopamine1(DA1) and dopamine2(DA2) receptors
Term
What are the atypical anti-psychotics?
Definition
clozapine, aripiprazole, risperdone, olanzapine
Term
TX. FOR PT. EXPERIENCING NEUROPLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME (NMS)
Definition
D/C DRUG
MONITOR VITALS
MONITOR DEGREE OF MUSCLE RIGIDITY
MONITOR I & O
MONITOR LOC
PERLODEL OR DANTRIUM MAY BE ORDERED TO COUNTERACT EFFECTS
Term
WHAT ARE DECANOATE INJECTIONS? WHAT IS THE RISK ASSOCIATED WITH THEIR USE?
Definition
EXTENDED RELEASE ANTIPSYCHOTICS .

INCREASED RISK OF NMS
Term
What does the dopamine theory believe R/T schizophrenia
Definition
that positive symptoms of schizo result from excessive activity of dopamine in the brain
Term
What are neuroleptic medications?
Definition
conventional antipsychotics, like fluphenazine (Prolixin), thioridazine (Mellaril), and haloperidol (Haldol)
Term
What are some parts of diagnosis of schizophrenia
Definition
altered thought processes, self care deficits, social isolation, risk for self harm, ineffective management of therapeutic regimen
Term
What are some parts of assessment
Definition
functionality, s/s of disorder, therapeutic effect of medications, side effect of medications, response to support therapies
Term
What should you ask when assessing hallucinations
Definition
are you still having them? are they getting better? how they're interfering with ADLs or levels of functioning, stay with clients, talk to clients in short simple sentences, ask what is happening, identify triggers in environment, encourage description of feelings related to the hallucinations, do not argue about what is or is not occuring, teach self management techniques to help cope with hallucinations
Term
What are some interventions for schizophrenia
Definition
establish rapport (trust essential, active listening), safety issues (psychological and physical, self and others),, manage hallucinations and delusions, de-escalate anxiety, use medication as necessary, prevent escalation, family education, provide information
Term
How can you tell if the patient is experiencing hallucinations
Definition
inappropriate laughter and grinning, observe behavior (conversations with unseen people), inattention to the task at hand, listening intently with ear cocked, smelling food, body, or wrinkling nose, suddenly acting startled, refusing to eat and drink, slapping at invisible things, isolative behavior
Term
What are some basic interventions for patients who are self mutilating
Definition
nonjudgmental, caring, setting limits to minimize further injury, attempt to build trust, client centered goals revovled around a behavioral contract that identifies mutual expectations, client responsibility and consequences for behavior, encourage communication about self injury, decrease feelings of shame and self criticism, help identify better coping skills to address stressors and feelings rather than self mutilation behaviors
Term
Associative looseness
Definition
Haphazard and confused thinking that is manifested in jumbled and illogical speech and reasoning.
Term
Autism
Definition
Thinking that is not bound to reality but reflects the private perceptual world of the individual. Delusions, hallucinations, and neoligisms are examples of this in a person with schizophrenia.
Term
Ambivalence
Definition
Refers to simultaneously holding two opposing emotions, attitudes, ideas, or wishes toward the same person, situation, or object. Normally occurs in all relationships, but in this case it is paralyzing because the person continuously vacillates between opposing positions.
Term
acute phase of schizophrenia
Definition
Phase of schizophrenia where periods of florid positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions) as well as negative symptoms (apathy, withdrawal) occur.
Term
maintenance phase
Definition
phase of schizophrenia when symptoms decrease in severity
Term
stabilization phase
Definition
phase of schizophrenia where symptoms are in remission, though there might be mild persistent symptoms
Term
Ideas of Reference (delusion)
Definition
Misconstruing trivial events and remarks and giving them personal significance. Belefs that some events have a special meaning.
Term
thought broadcasting
Definition
the belief that one's thoughts can be heard by others
Term
stereotyped behaviors
Definition
motor patterns that originally had meaning to the person but are now mechanical or lack purpose.
Term
automatic obedience
Definition
the performance by a catatonic client of all simple commands in a robotlike fashion
Term
waxy flexibility
Definition
seen in catatonia. Excessive maintenance of posture. Is evidenced by excessive maintenance of posture. Ex: nurse raises client's arm, and client holds this position until nurse lowers it.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!