Term
T or F:
depression affects people of:
- certain ages and cultures
-specific socioeconomic status |
|
Definition
| FALSE: depression affects people of all ages, cultures, and socioeconomic status |
|
|
Term
| are mood changes depression or depressive disorders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| yes there are normal fluctuations in our mood |
|
|
Term
| what do normal fluctuations in mood indicate? |
|
Definition
| that we are perceiving changes in the world and are responding to them |
|
|
Term
| when our ability to adapt is ineffective or non-existent our coping skills.... |
|
Definition
| are to poor to deal with fluctuations in mood |
|
|
Term
| can mood changes become pathological or depressive? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mood depression is called t |
|
Definition
| the common cold of psychiatry |
|
|
Term
| what is the first step in the grief response? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. we need more time to adapt
2. pretend it didn't happen for a while
a. do NOT directly challenge someone in denial with reality, give them time to adapt |
|
|
Term
| what is the second stage of the grief response? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. occurs as we recognize our pain
2. statements like: "why did this happen to me?"
3. Allow the griever to vent and encourage talking |
|
|
Term
| what is the third step in the grieving process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| statements like, "if only I had done this" are signs of |
|
Definition
| bargaining, the third stage in the grieving process |
|
|
Term
| during the bargaining stage of grief it is important to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what the fourth stage of the grief response? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
this statement: "why didn't I do that? or make sure that was done?"
represents what stage of the grief response? |
|
Definition
| depression or guilt, the 4th stage |
|
|
Term
| what is the 5th and final stage in the grief process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the stages of the grief response? |
|
Definition
1. denial
2. anger
3. bargaining
4. depression/guilt
5. acceptance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. must recognize that it did happen
2. depression often follows this realization so provide privacy, and let them talk and you listen |
|
|
Term
| each time a person goes through the grief response cycle, |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acute grieving takes about |
|
Definition
| 3-4 months but could be longer |
|
|
Term
| the resolution in acute grieving could take up to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the time it takes to process the loss in acute grieving could take |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| grieving difficulty and timing vary with the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is an adaptive grief response? |
|
Definition
| where one is able to work through the grief and not lose their self esteem |
|
|
Term
| maladaptive grief responses |
|
Definition
1. delayed
2. prolonged
3. exaggerated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| maladaptive; becomes fixated in denial that it never happened |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| maladaptive; fixated in grief and stuck in stage and never moves on to acceptance. shrines rendering divine characteristics to the departed are seen here at times |
|
|
Term
| exaggerated grief response |
|
Definition
| fixated in anger and pain, suffering |
|
|
Term
| pain turned outward is exhibited as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pain turned inward is exhibited as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| persons stuck in maladaptive grief response can suffer from a permanent loss of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a debilitating disease that can cause emotional, physical, mental, and social suffering |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| can a depressed person just "snap out of it" or "think positive or cheerful thoughts" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| depressed individuals are fighting to live and perform |
|
Definition
| even the most mundane activities like getting out of bed |
|
|
Term
| the DSM-IV-TR defines two types of depressive disorders, what are they? |
|
Definition
1. major depressive disorder (MDD)
2. dysthymia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is major depressive disorder
1. is a significant change in the ability to function
2. may occur with psychosis
3. includes 5 or more symptoms that occur daily for at least two weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. may occur over 2 years
2. includes depressed mood swings that can impact social, occupational, and general daily areas of function |
|
|
Term
| bipolar disorders are cycles of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the types of bipolar disorders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. primarily manic episodes
2. the manic episodes are very severe
3. there are also depressive episodes
4. the longer one lives, the less occurrence of the manic phase there are and more of the depressive episodes there are
5. the manic and depressive episodes may last a month or two or a week or two or they can be mixed: manic for one hour and then depressed the next |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. are depressive episodes with periods of hypomania. hypomania is not as severe as the regular mania seen in type 1 bipolar disorder is |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seen in type 2 bipolar disorder, between episodes of depression. is not severe as regular mania |
|
|
Term
it is common to see a bipolar 1 patient when they are:
and a bipolar 2 patient when they are: |
|
Definition
it is common to see a bipolar 1 patient when they are: manic
and a bipolar 2 patient when they are: depressed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. is caused by cycles of hypomania and depression
2. is less severe than bipolar disorder
3. usually treated in an outpatient facility |
|
|
Term
| what are the physiological/biological variables that play a part in depressive disorders? |
|
Definition
1. genetics
2. neurotransmitter deficiency:
- norepinephrine
- serotonin
- dopamine |
|
|
Term
| what are some chemical imbalances that can lead to depressive disorders? |
|
Definition
1. meds
2. intracranial pathology
3. electrolyte/hormonal disturbance
4. nutritional deficiency
5. chronic illness |
|
|
Term
| what should be assessed first before sending a patient to a psychiatric unit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what the sociocultural/psychosocial variables of depressive disorders? |
|
Definition
1. aggression is turned inward
2. learned helplessness
3. usually reject advice
4. with medication and behavior modification some may able to take control of their lives |
|
|
Term
| does childhood depression look different from adulthood depression? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. will often show anger or hyperactivity and get into fights at school
2. will have school problems |
|
|
Term
| one of the best ways to assess children is by the way that they |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| besides observing they way that a child plays, what are some other assessment variables that can be observed for depressive behavior? |
|
Definition
| eating and sleeping patterns |
|
|
Term
| if a child has had eating and sleeping pattern problems lasting for several weeks, |
|
Definition
| refer them to an evaluation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. anger or agression
2. deliquency
3. substance abuse
4. sexual acting out
5. not just hormones raging which is normal
6. look for changes that last several weeks |
|
|
Term
| when depression invades the adult's normal lines of defense (NLOD) there are several observable outcomes. what are they? |
|
Definition
1. affective
2. behavioral
3. cognitive
4. physiological |
|
|
Term
| what are affective characteristics that are observable when depression invades the NLOD? |
|
Definition
| 1. affective: sadness to total despair and hopelessness |
|
|
Term
| what are the behavioral characteristics that are observable when depression invades the NLOD? |
|
Definition
behavioral:
1. slowed activity or psychomotor retardation
2. poor hygiene
3. agitation
4. fetal positioning |
|
|
Term
| what are cognitive characteristics that are observable when depression invades the NLOD? |
|
Definition
cognitive:
1. obsessed with negative thoughts
2. have difficulty with concentration and memory
3. frequently suffer from guilt, helplessness, and worthlessness
4. may become delusional and suicidal |
|
|
Term
| what are physiological characteristics that are observable when depression invades the NLOD? |
|
Definition
physiological:
1. loss of energy
2. fatigue
3. slowed body systems
4. changes in eating patters (constipation, anorexia, and insomnia)
5. mild depression can causes overeating and oversleeping.
6. diurnal nature: feel worse in the AM but better as the day progresses. |
|
|
Term
| one of the most common psychiatric disorders among the elderly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some of the things that can contribute to depression in the elderly? |
|
Definition
1. many lossess
2. change in health
3. bereavement overload due to a possible short time in all of this happening |
|
|
Term
| elderly people are often misdiagnosed for senility when it could be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what would be helpful to patients who are elderly and depressed? |
|
Definition
| a reduced dose of an antidepressant |
|
|
Term
T or F:
depression is often a SE of medications or combinations of medications |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| flexible lines of defense |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| changing the person's thinking and reaction patterns usually requires a combination of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| can you cure the disease? |
|
Definition
| no, but you can alleviate the symptoms |
|
|
Term
| used to treat depression and the depressive symptoms of schizophrenia and bipolar depression |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do antidepressants work? |
|
Definition
| increasing the concentrations of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin |
|
|
Term
| give some examples of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors |
|
Definition
1. citalapram (celexa)
2. fluoxetine (prozac, serafem)
3. fluvoxamine (luvox)
4. parozetine (paxil)
5. sertraline (zoloft) |
|
|
Term
| give some examples of nonselective reuptake inhibitors |
|
Definition
1. venlafazine (effexor)
2. duloxetine (cymbalta) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a nonselective reuptake inhibitor that is also a central pain inhibitor that is used with alot of somatic patients |
|
|
Term
| monoamine oxidase inhibitors |
|
Definition
1. early drugs
2. not frequently used now
3. SE include diet issues due to tyramine accumulation which could lead to a hypertensive crisis
(I just ate a salami sandwich)- check BP/VS/ and reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. cheaper
2. not the best drugs we have to offer at this time
3. patients can OD |
|
|
Term
| give some examples of tricyclic drugs |
|
Definition
1. amitriptyline (elavil)
2. clomipramine (anafranil)
3. doxepin (sinequan)
4. imipramine (tofranil) |
|
|
Term
| give some examples of hetrocyclics |
|
Definition
1. bupropion (zyban, wellbutrin)
2. mirtazapine (remeron)
3. trazodone (desyrel) |
|
|
Term
| bupropion (zyban, wellbutrin) |
|
Definition
| a hetrocyclic antidepressant that helps stop smoking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hetrocyclic antidepressant that will help with sleep and is given at night |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hetrocyclic antidepressant that will help those with trouble sleeping and should be given at night |
|
|
Term
| abrupt dose changes can causes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| all doses of medications should be |
|
Definition
| gradually adjusted over time |
|
|
Term
| what type of therapy is most recommended for depression? |
|
Definition
| individual, support groups, and group therapy |
|
|
Term
| the goal in the treatment of depression requires a change in |
|
Definition
| thinking and reaction patterns |
|
|
Term
| antidepressant drugs are used to treat |
|
Definition
-depression
-depressive symptoms of other illnesses such as schizophrenia and bi-polar |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants work to increase the concentration of what transmitters? |
|
Definition
| norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine |
|
|
Term
| name some nonselective reuptake inhibitors |
|
Definition
venlafazine (effexor)
duloxetine (cymbalta): central pain inhibitor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (duloxetine) is a nonselective reuptake inhibitor and also a central pain inhibitor that is also used with a lot of somatic patients |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants inhibit the |
|
Definition
| uptake of neurotransmitters |
|
|
Term
| how long will it take for antidepressants to alleviate depressive symptoms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some side effects of antidepressants and the interventions to treat them? |
|
Definition
1. dry mouth- offer candy, ice, water
2. sedation/sleepiness- give dose at HS
3. GI distress/nausea- take with food |
|
|
Term
| what side-effects of antidepressants improve over time? |
|
Definition
-headache
-blurred vision
-constipation
-urinary retention
-orthostatic hypotension (fixes in 3 months)
-reduced seizure threshold
-tachycardia and dysrhythmias with overdose
-weight gain/loss
-insomnia, agitation, sexual dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| about how long does it take for orthostatic hypotension to improve while on antidepressants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when on antidepressants what occurs to the seizure threshold? |
|
Definition
| it decreases; meaning that seizures are more likely while on antidepressants |
|
|
Term
| what can occur with an overdose of antidepressants? |
|
Definition
| tachycardia and dysrhythmias |
|
|
Term
| if while on antidepressants the patient develops insomnia, agitation, or sexual dysfunction what may happen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| as nurses can we share the patient's concerns and symptoms with the MD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| discontinuing antidepressants can cause |
|
Definition
| side effects and syndromes |
|
|
Term
| when discontinuing antidepressants it is IMPORTANT to know that they must be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why must antidepressants be tapered off gradually during discontinuation? |
|
Definition
to avoid:
-increased depression (suicidal ideation)
-dizziness
-lethargy
-headache/nausea |
|
|
Term
| stopping antidepressants cold turkey leads to a high risk for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
if a patient MUST discontinue a medication cold turkey, particularly antidepressants, what must be done
? |
|
Definition
| there must be a safety plan that has been rehearsed with the patient and the patient must have someone to call, either 911 or a friend because there is a high HIGH HIGH risk for suicide due to increased depression when someone abruptly stops antidepressants |
|
|
Term
SSRIs, SSNIs,and welbutrin
-have more or fewer side effects?
-how long due they take to work? full effect can take up to how long? |
|
Definition
-have fewer side effects
-takes 3-4 weeks to work and even a year for full capacity |
|
|
Term
| serotonin syndrome causes |
|
Definition
1. if SSRIs are given to close to the discontinuation of MAOIs
2. if meds are not titrated up or down |
|
|
Term
| S/S if serotonin syndrome |
|
Definition
-confusion/disorientation
-mania/restlessness/agitation
-myoclonus
-hyperreflexia
-diaphoresis
-diarrhea
-nausea
-seizures |
|
|
Term
| if you observe the S/S of serotonin syndrome what should you do? |
|
Definition
1. discontine the meds
2. call MD STAT!!!!!!!!!!!
3. treatment must be started with the use of anticonvulsants |
|
|
Term
| is weight gain a permanent side effect of antidepressants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| indications for the use of ECT: |
|
Definition
1. major depression is the main use
2. extreme cases
3. the meds aren't working
4. patient is suicidal
5. elderly patients who are suicidal |
|
|
Term
| the use of ECT is for the use in |
|
Definition
| used in extreme cases and has good results |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
major depression
rarely for manic bipolar and schizophrenia |
|
|
Term
| why is ECT more ideal for elderly patient who are sucidal? |
|
Definition
| ECT works more quickly than meds and immediately increases their serotonin levels |
|
|
Term
| explain the mechanism of action of ECT |
|
Definition
| an electric current induces grand mal seizures and increases the number of neurotransmitters |
|
|
Term
| can ECT be done while taking drugs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| contraindications for the use of ECT |
|
Definition
- patients with increased ICP (such as with tumors
-recent MI or CHF
-children and adolescents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-temp memory loss
-confusion
-rare-mortality unless coexisting morbidity
-rare-permanent memory loss and brain damage |
|
|
Term
| the SE of ECT can be lessened with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-rare-mortality unless coexisting morbidity
-rare-permanent memory loss and brain damage |
|
|
Term
| your nursing responsibilities when caring for a patient undergoing ECT include |
|
Definition
-making sure there is informed consent
-labs and xrays to be ordered
-VS and surgery prep
-administer ROBINUL IM 30 minutes before
-assist psychiatrist and anethesiologist
-support patient |
|
|
Term
| what should be administered before ECT and what time? |
|
Definition
| robinul IM 30 minutes before |
|
|
Term
| what is the ONLY thing that moves that allows the MD to know that the patient has had a seizure during ECT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| for ECT most procedures are done in what type of setting unless what? |
|
Definition
| most are done outpatient unless there is a high suicidal risk which is then done inpatient |
|
|
Term
| post surgery from ECT the nurse should constantly be |
|
Definition
| re-orienting the patient especially first 5-6 hours |
|
|
Term
| when is it important to re-orient the patient having ECT? |
|
Definition
| post-surgery, especially the first 5-6 hours after the surgery |
|
|
Term
| how often are ECT treatments done? |
|
Definition
| 12 a time; 3 times a week or 4 weeks of treatment |
|
|
Term
| some proposed causes of bipolar disorder are: |
|
Definition
-genetic
-neurotransmitter imbalance
-increased dopamine
-temporal lobe lesions
-epilepsy
-head injuries (MVA) |
|
|
Term
| on the mood range bipolar disorder 1 ranges from |
|
Definition
| severe depression to euphoric mania |
|
|
Term
| in the mood range cyclothymic disorder ranges from |
|
Definition
| moderate depression to hypomanic |
|
|
Term
| on the mood range major depression ranges from |
|
Definition
| severe depression to less than hypomania |
|
|
Term
| on the mood range dysthymic disorder ranges from |
|
Definition
| moderate depression to less than hypomanic |
|
|
Term
| on the mood range, bipolar II ranges from |
|
Definition
| severe depression to euphoric mania |
|
|
Term
| clinical manifestations of hypomania |
|
Definition
-cheerful
-irritable if needs are not met
-exalted self-worth and ability: may be due to a delusion
-increased motor activity: sociable and increased libido
-weight loss
-spend money |
|
|
Term
| clinical manifestations of acute mania |
|
Definition
-euphoria
-irritated, angered, or aggressive if you set limits
-flight of ideas
-paranoia
-grandiose delusions
-violent and sexually preoccupied
-poor impulse control
-spending money
-don't like to sleep
-very difficult to care for |
|
|
Term
| clinical manifestations of delirious mania |
|
Definition
-difficult to control without restraints- will chafe their skin
-will fight
-if on meds will get up and fall down
-labile and indifferent to ennvironment
-panic
-anxiety
-confusion and disorientation
-delusions and hallucinations
-violent, agitated, purposeless
-exhaustion |
|
|
Term
| is delirious mania common? |
|
Definition
| no; due to meds and tx available |
|
|
Term
| why at times would administering older drugs be more helpful in controlling a delirious manic? |
|
Definition
| older drugs like thorazine are more sedating |
|
|
Term
| what types of therapy can be helpful for bipolar patients? |
|
Definition
| individual, group, and supportive |
|
|
Term
| secondary treatment for bipolar disorder: |
|
Definition
1. therapy: group, supportive, and individual
2. hospitalize for safety
3. |
|
|
Term
| why would group therapy be difficult for a manic patient? |
|
Definition
| too much stimuli and need to take control of group; you would need to decrease the stimuli and keep the patient from others |
|
|
Term
| name some examples of anticonvulsants |
|
Definition
carbamazepine (tegetrol)
valproic acid (depakote)
gabapentin (neurontin)
lamotrigine (lamictal)
klonopin (topomax) |
|
|
Term
carbamazepine
1. other name
2. type of medication
3. nursing considerations
4. side effects |
|
Definition
carbamazepine
1. other name: tegretol
2. type of medication: anticonvulsant
3. nursing considerations: therapeutic range is 6-12 ug/ml
4. side effects:
a. decreased WBC so measure routinely |
|
|
Term
valproic acid
1. other name
2. type of medication
3. nursing considerations
4. side effects |
|
Definition
valproic acid
1. other name: depakote
2. type of medication: anticonvulsant
3. nursing considerations: therapeutic range: 50-100 ug/ml. is one of the best but has a toxicity problem
4. side effects
1. increased bleeding time; measure platelets and bleeding time
2. liver dysfunction |
|
|
Term
gabapentin
1. other name
2. type of medication
3. nursing considerations
4. side effects |
|
Definition
gabapentin
1. other name: neurontin
2. type of medication: anticonvulsant
3. nursing considerations: effective with depression
4. side effects:
a. dizziness
b. insomnia
c. ataxia
d. somatic complaints |
|
|
Term
| ataxia. what is it and what medication causes it? |
|
Definition
ataxia is a lack of coordination of muscle movements.
the anticonvulsant gabapentin (neurontin) causes it as a side effect |
|
|
Term
| which anticonvulsant is also effective with depression? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| with which anticonvulsant would you expect your patient to have somatic complaints? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
lamotrigine
1. other name
2. type of medication
3. side effects |
|
Definition
lamotrigine
1. other name: lamictal
2. type of medication: anticonvulsant
3. side effects:
a. dizziness
b. ataxia
c. nausea
d. skin rash
e. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, call MD STAT!!!! |
|
|
Term
| although mood stabilizing drugs are effective in the treatment of bipolar disorder they often takes ___________ to get into the blood stream and work. that is medications such as _____________ that are used for __________are helpful in the treatment of bipolar. |
|
Definition
| although mood stabilizing drugs are effective in the treatment of bipolar disorder they often takes SEVERAL WEEKS to get into the blood stream and work. that is medications such as ANTICONVULSANTS that are used for EPILEPSY are helpful in the treatment of bipolar. |
|
|
Term
| which anticonvulsant is also used to treat bipolar and is one of the best BUT can cause toxicity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| for which medication should you watch for skin rash and also for stevens-johnson's syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in stevens-johnson's syndrome is it important to |
|
Definition
| call the MD STAT!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
|
|
Term
| lamictal is an antiepileptic drug used for what in bipolar? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stevens-johnson's syndrome |
|
Definition
| due to lamictal, a rash appears causing sloughing of the skin and can lead to death. CALL THE MD STAT |
|
|
Term
klonopin
1. other name
2. type of medication
3. nursing considerations
4. side effects |
|
Definition
klonopin
1. other name: topamax
2. type of medication: anticonvulsant
3. nursing considerations:
good of patients out of acute stage
may use with lithium or stronger drugs together
good for headaches
4. side effects
possible increased seizures
anemia (monitor labs) |
|
|
Term
| for a patient on klonopin (topamax) you would want to |
|
Definition
| place patient on seizure precaution and monitor labs for anemia |
|
|
Term
| klonopin (topamax)is good for high anxiety because |
|
Definition
| it enhances the reuptake of transmitters |
|
|
Term
| oldest treatment for bipolar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-oldest treatment for bipolar
-enhances the reuptake of neurotransmitters |
|
|
Term
serum levels of lithium for effectiveness:
-acute mania
-maintenance |
|
Definition
-acute mania: 1.0-1.5 mEq/L
-maintenance: 0.6-1.2 mEq/L |
|
|
Term
| at what serum levels would you have s/s of lithium toxicity? what are the s/s? |
|
Definition
at 1.5-2.0 mEq/L
S/S:
-poor breathing
-blurred vision
-ataxia
-N/V/D
-death from to toxic |
|
|
Term
at a lithium serum level of:
1.5-2.0 mEq/L
what occurs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
at a lithium serum level of:
2.0-3.5 mEq/L
what occurs? |
|
Definition
diuresis
tremors
muscle irritability |
|
|
Term
at a lithium serum level of:
>3.5 mEq/L
what occurs? |
|
Definition
seizures
coma
anuria
cardiovascular collapse
arrythmias |
|
|
Term
| patient education for lithium |
|
Definition
1. do NOT restrict Na
2. fluid= 3,000 ml/day= 3 L a day
3. finger foods high in protein for nutritional demands
4. of V/D occur call MD
5. without enough fluids can cause toxicity |
|
|
Term
T or F:
group therapy is helpful for a manic patient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| should you argue or bargain with a bipolar patient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| would you want to limit the caffeine of a bipolar? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| explain the "ideal" environment for a bipolar patient? |
|
Definition
-reduced environmental stimuli
-low light and noise
-private room
-limit group activities
-structures with a 1:1 nurse/tech |
|
|
Term
| until the mood stabilizers begin to work for a bipolar patient what can be used? what can be used to control their anxiety and manic activity? |
|
Definition
until the mood stabilizers begin to work for a bipolar patient what can be used?
~neuroleptics and benzodiazepines~
what can be used to control their anxiety and manic activity?
~anti-psychotics for sedation~ |
|
|
Term
| ECT is a great way to help patients who are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T or F:
suicide affects all age groups |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| suicidal patients are usually ____________ on their desire to die |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the "ambivalence" seen in suicidal patients |
|
Definition
| they are overwhelmed and coud not sleep. took some sleeping pills and drank. take whole bottle and end up in ER and are glad to be alive |
|
|
Term
| how should you ask a patient if they are planning to kill themselves? |
|
Definition
| do so directly. ask them if they have though about killing themselves |
|
|
Term
| after asking a patient if they have thought about killing themselves, based on the response, you assess the risk level by asking these 3 questions: |
|
Definition
1. does patient have a plan
2. how lethal is the plan?
3.do they have the means to carry out the plan? |
|
|
Term
| if the patient succeeds in committing suicide what must be done? |
|
Definition
| psychological autopsy: what can we learn from this |
|
|
Term
| what is a reasonable outcome for a suicidal patient? |
|
Definition
| patient will not hurt him/herself while in my care |
|
|
Term
| if you suspect that a patient is suicidal it is important that while checking up on patients that you |
|
Definition
| check on that patient first and contract |
|
|
Term
| with a manic patient the best type of foods would be |
|
Definition
| finger foods that they can eat on the run |
|
|
Term
| what would a serum albumin level of 4.5 indicate? |
|
Definition
| that the patient is getting enough protein |
|
|
Term
| nursing care and things to check for patient nutrition and health and independence |
|
Definition
1. labs:
a. serum albumin: 4.5 is normal
2. assist with ADLs
3. encourage participation |
|
|
Term
| should a nurse accept negativism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| suicidal have problem solving |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| it is important to educate clients on assertiveness and |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is it good to provide positive reinforcement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| to assess the basic structure of a child you need to assess |
|
Definition
| past and family history (genetics) |
|
|
Term
| although most diseases are neurological, some are the result of |
|
Definition
| faulty life experiences and relationship difficulties between the child and the parent |
|
|
Term
| assessing the basic structure of an adolescent requires |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
in adolescents:
coping responses? and change? |
|
Definition
coping responses are established
they are resistant to change |
|
|
Term
| adolescents generally express conflict by |
|
Definition
| acting out in actions rather than in words |
|
|
Term
| the "acting out" behaviors of adolescents are often |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nurses who care for older adults need to know about |
|
Definition
the aging process
normal/abnormal changes
assessment of family, children, and grandchildren |
|
|
Term
| the coping responses of older adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| are older adults resistant to change? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most difficult developmental stage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a mental status exam should be done on what types of patients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pervasive developmental disorders:
1. autistic disorder
2. asperger's disorder
3. rett's disorder
4. childhood disintegrative disorder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-child withdraws into a fantasy world
-has a early onset
-shows a lack of responsiveness that is usually noticed by the parents
-marked impairment in:
a. social interactions
b. communication
c. repetitive behaviors such as rocking or spinning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-patterns of inattention, hyperactivity,and impulsiveness
-highly distractable
-unable to sort stimuli
-excessive motor activity |
|
|
Term
| ADHD is difficult to diagnose before the age of |
|
Definition
| 4 because before that age hyperactivity is expected |
|
|
Term
| ADHD is often diagnosed when the child |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-repetitive and persistent behavior that violates the rights of others
-physical agression |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 types of conduct disorder? |
|
Definition
| child onset and adolescent onset |
|
|
Term
| child onset conduct disorder |
|
Definition
-symptoms become obvious when the child is less than 10 years old
- |
|
|
Term
| when do the symptoms of child onset conduct disorder become more obvious? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why is child onset conduct disorder the most serious subtype of conduct disorder? |
|
Definition
| because it usually leads to antisocial personality disorder in adulthood |
|
|
Term
| adolescent onset conduct disorder |
|
Definition
-has no symptoms before 10
-are less likely to develop antisocial personality disorder in adulthood |
|
|
Term
| who is more likely to develop antisocial personality disorder in adulthood? |
|
Definition
| child onset conduct disorder |
|
|
Term
| oppositional defiant disorder |
|
Definition
| negativistic, defiant, disobedient and hostile behavior towards authority figures and interferes with functioning, begins at age 8 |
|
|
Term
| which disorder has an onset at around 8 years old? |
|
Definition
| oppositional defiant disorder |
|
|
Term
| eating disorders are more prevalent in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which developmental group do eating disorders typically occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a morbid fear of obesity involving power and control issues. involves a gross distortion of body image |
|
|
Term
| in anorexia nervosa there is a preoccupation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in anorexia nervosa there is a refusal to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| there is a cessation of hunger sensations with an intake of less than |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in anorexia nervosa weight loss is accomplished by |
|
Definition
-decreased food intake
-exercise
-laxatives, diuretics, and self-induced vomiting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-hypothermia
-bradycardia
-hypotension
edema
-lanugo
-metabolic disturbances
-amenorrhea
-emaciated appearance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fine downy hair seen in fetuses and malnourished individuals such as those with eating disorders like anorexia nervosa |
|
|
Term
| the onset of anorexia nervosa |
|
Definition
| early to late adolescence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| episodic and uncontrolled compulsive ingestion of large amounts of food (5,000 cal or more) following by purging: vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, and enemas. |
|
|
Term
| characteristics of bulimia nervosa |
|
Definition
-pleasure eating
-guilt, embarrassment, depression after eating
-normal weight
-electrolyte imbalance
-tooth enamel erosion
-gastric/esophageal tears |
|
|
Term
| predisposing factors for both anorexia and bulimia include: |
|
Definition
-family predisposition
-neurotransmitter imbalance
-conflict avoidance in family
-power and control issues: eating or not eating for rebellion; food is the only thing they can "control" |
|
|
Term
| is obesity an official DSM-IV-TR diagnosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a BMI in what range indicates overweight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a BMI over what indicates obesity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| causes of and things exacerbated by obesity |
|
Definition
-DM
-hyperlipidemia
-osteoarthritis
-cardiac dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| predisposition to obesity |
|
Definition
-family predisposition
-poor eating habits
-hypothyroidism (rare)
-sedentary lifestyles
-untreated depression |
|
|
Term
| is memory loss a normal sign of aging? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do all cultures respect elders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is this accurate: the elderly no longer care about/have sex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is it healthy for the elderly to be sexually active? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| successful retirement requires |
|
Definition
| adaptation and anticipatory guidance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| leading cause of death among the elderly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a big factor in the the elderly committing suicide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is it a fact that the 5 senses decline with age? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is it true that the elderly are high risk for crime? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is it true that the elderly lose about 50% of restorative sleep? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| give some examples of amphetamines. what are they used for |
|
Definition
1. amphetamine sulfate
2. dextroamphetamines-dexedrine
3. methamphethamines- desoxyn
4. adderall |
|
|
Term
| stimulants that used in the treatment of ADHD |
|
Definition
| amphetamines and caffeine |
|
|
Term
| what should be considered when giving adderall? |
|
Definition
| it has a prolonged action and daily dosing |
|
|
Term
| can caffeine be given for the treatment of ADHD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the long acting form of ritalin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| miscellaneous drugs used to treat ADHD |
|
Definition
ritalin (concerta is the long acting form)
cylert
cocaine-ILLEGAL |
|
|
Term
| the use of cylert in the treatment of ADHD is not common due to |
|
Definition
| its relation to liver failure |
|
|
Term
| what is the FIRST selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-the FIRST selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
-non-stimulant since 30% of children, adolescents, and adults with ADHD cannot tolerate stimulants
-less concern with growth hormone inhibition
-no need for drug holidays |
|
|
Term
| why is strattera being a nonstimulant good? |
|
Definition
| 30% of children, adolescents, and adults with ADHD cannot tolerate stimulants |
|
|
Term
| do drugs used to treat ADHD increase positive behaviors? |
|
Definition
| no, they decrease activity and increase attention span |
|
|
Term
| in order to develop positive behaviors (as in ADHD), what must you use along with medications? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| since strattera is the only drug that does NOT inhibit growth hormone you dont have have to worry about |
|
Definition
| drug holidays to allow growth catch-ups |
|
|
Term
| other drugs used to treat ADHD all need "drug holidays". why? |
|
Definition
| because only strattera does not inhibit growth hormone |
|
|
Term
| administration guidelines of medications used to treat ADHD |
|
Definition
1. ensure it has been swallowed
2. give last dose 6 hours before bedtime
3. limit caffeine products, all except strattera are already stimulants
4. do NOT stop abruptly to avoid abstinence syndrome.
5. do not mix with OTC meds
7. may increase activity of coumadin, anticonvulsants, and TCA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| from stopping meds to treat ADHD abruptly. depression, prolonged sleep, excessive eating, and craving of the drug |
|
|
Term
| therapies effective for children |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| milieu therapy used for children |
|
Definition
-for crisis intervention and to maintain safety
-behavior centered
-focuses on trust and consistency
-has clear rules, boundaries, and limit setting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-best for children since they lack verbal skills.
-places child in a comfortable and familiar situation
- |
|
|
Term
| what is the best therapy for children? and why? |
|
Definition
| play therapy because they lack verbal skills |
|
|
Term
| why is family therapy required for children? |
|
Definition
| the parents need to be involved |
|
|
Term
| family therapy for children |
|
Definition
-involve parents
-teaching family roles
-improve communication
-teach parenting and problem solving |
|
|
Term
| adults do well with psychopharamacology, but what must be adjusted? and why and how? |
|
Definition
| the doses must be adjusted by about 1/2 doses to accomadate the declining organ function |
|
|
Term
| 1st line antidepressants for elderly individuals |
|
Definition
| selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| why are SSRIs the 1st line antidepressants for the elderly? |
|
Definition
| they have fewer side effects and are non-toxic if overdosed |
|
|
Term
| good choice among the antidepressants for the elderly; is a SSRI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| good choice among the antidepressants for the elderly; is a SNRI: selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| many mental health problems manifest as normal behavior that has |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anxiety that interferes with normal function |
|
|
Term
| assessment of basic structure in anxiety patient |
|
Definition
1. patient and family history
2. assess how patient responds to and copes with stressors
3. always assess for physical symptoms to rule out any organic reasons for the patient's symptoms |
|
|
Term
T or F:
anxiety disorders are said to be genetic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anxiety produces changes in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| physiological variables to assess in anxiety |
|
Definition
-sleep
-nutrition
-role of transmitters
-safety |
|
|
Term
| should be assessed for in all patients |
|
Definition
| sleep and nutrition patterns and SAFETY |
|
|
Term
| lack of sleep and imbalanced diet can have both a |
|
Definition
| psychological and physiological impact on the patient |
|
|
Term
| patients suffering from anxiety have what issues with sleep and nutrition? |
|
Definition
| do not eat or sleep properly |
|
|
Term
| a primary inhibitory transmitter that slows neural transmission and is said to have a "calming effect" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| benzodiazepines receptors are linked to a receptor that enhances the activity of what transmitter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abnormalities of benzodiazepine receptors/GABA receptors leads to unregulated levels of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| it is important to assess the patient's developmental stage because when symptoms begin, what happens to development? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common form of psychiatric disorder in the US |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what gender has a higher incidence of anxiety disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the common cold of the mental health world |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anxiety is the early stage of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common response to stress |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| subjectively emotional response to a stressor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stress or stressors can be |
|
Definition
physical
psychological
biochemical
social
real or perceived |
|
|
Term
| stress causes an increase in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an increase in anxiety leads to relief behavior: |
|
Definition
defense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
spiritual/sociocultural support |
|
|
Term
| if a response mechanism to stress is effective then |
|
Definition
-anxiety is reduced
-life and productivity go on |
|
|
Term
| if a response mechanism to stress is ineffective then |
|
Definition
-anxiety levels soar
-difficultly coping causes a variety of extreme defensive and coping behaviors to try to regain control |
|
|
Term
| ineffective response mechanisms to stress are usually extreme defensive and coping behaviors that tend to be |
|
Definition
-rigid
-repetitive
-ineffective
-soon become habits |
|
|
Term
| in anxiety disorder, what is always present? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| high anxiety is always present in those with anxiety disorder, even if |
|
Definition
| it is not overtly expressed |
|
|
Term
| even though in a person with anxiety disorders there responses may seem odd and non-productive, they cannot stop them because they do |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anxiety that is not relieved becomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the types of anxiety disorders? |
|
Definition
-panic disorder
-phobic disorder
-generalized anxiety disorder
-post traumatic stress disrder
-acute stress disorder
-obsessive compulsive disorder |
|
|
Term
| is anxiety thought to be genetic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DSM-IV-TR criteria for panic disorder |
|
Definition
recurrent episodes of panic attacks combined with at least one of the following:
1.persistent concern about having another attack
2. worry about consequences of another attack
3. significant behavioral changes
these symptoms need to be present for at least a month |
|
|
Term
| the onset for a panic attack is |
|
Definition
-sudden and unpredictable
-no apparent cause
-can last minutes to hours |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-feelings of extreme apprehension
-fear
-impending doom
-normal function may be suspended
-person may feel that they are having a heart attack
-misconceptions of reality
body:
-palpitations
-diaphoresis
-SOB
-chest pain
-nausea
-dizziness
-fear of dying |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fear of being alone in a public place |
|
|
Term
| panic disorder may occur with or without which phobia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| persistent irrational fear of: an object, situation, or activity that often results from panic attacks |
|
|
Term
| phobias often results from |
|
Definition
| panic attacks that leads to avoidance of the object/situation |
|
|
Term
| the symptoms of a phobia occur when |
|
Definition
| the feared object is encountered |
|
|
Term
| when the feared object of a phobic is encountered what happens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why can phobias be crippling? |
|
Definition
| the person gives up more and more activities to avoid the object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fear of embarrassment in social situations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specific fears: heights, spiders, etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unwanted, intrusive thoughts that you cannot get out of your mind |
|
|
Term
| obsessions are thoughts that cause |
|
Definition
| anxiety because you cannot get them out of your mind |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| repetitive, ritualistic behaviors the person is driven to perform to relieve anxiety |
|
|
Term
| an obsession and a compulsion can happen independently but more than likely occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in OCD does the person recognize that the behavior is excessive or unreasonable? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| as a person with OCD performs compulsions to relieve anxiety the compulsions become |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in a person with OCD during times of HIGH anxiety what is initiated? |
|
Definition
| the compulsions and they are repeated over and over |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cleaning
washing
checking things |
|
|
Term
| generalized anxiety disorder |
|
Definition
| excessive anxiety or worry for at least 6 months, person is unable to control. the worrying is chronic, unrealistic, and excessive |
|
|
Term
| generalized anxiety disorder is associated with 3 or more of the following characteristics: |
|
Definition
1. restless with keyed up feelings
2. fatigue
3. concentration and focus difficulties/ indecisiveness
4. irritability
5. muscle tensions
6. sleep disturbance
impairs ability to function socially, occupationally, or in important areas of life |
|
|
Term
| the higher the secondary gain the higher the |
|
Definition
| patient treatment resistance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the benefits, attention, and avoided responsibilities a person gets from having a disorder or illness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| secondary and primary gain are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| post-traumatic stress disorder |
|
Definition
| development of characteristic symptoms following an extremely distressing stressor that is outside of the range of usual human experience |
|
|
Term
| in order to be diagnosed with PTSD, the symptoms must be present for at least how long and cause what? |
|
Definition
| at least one month and cause significant personal, social, and occupational functioning |
|
|
Term
| does everyone develop PTSD after a traumatic event? |
|
Definition
| no, some have stronger coping mechanisms |
|
|
Term
| the variables of PTSD that will determine if it will be developed |
|
Definition
-the traumatic experience
-duration
-severity
-anticipatory prep
-degree of control
-location
-individual
-recovery environment |
|
|
Term
| the onset of PTSD in respect to the traumatic experience may be |
|
Definition
| within months to several years |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-intense fear
-terror
-helplessness
-survivor guilt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-re-experiencing the event: nightmares and flashbacks over and over
-avoidance of associated stimuli: talking about it, people, places
-diminished emotional response: press back their emotions and become numb
-increased arousal (irritable, maybe abusive) and hypervigilance |
|
|
Term
| for a PTSD patient in therapy you want to provide what type of environment? |
|
Definition
| safe where they can express their feelings and pain |
|
|
Term
| goals of individual therapy with an anxiety patient |
|
Definition
-help them to make responsible choices
-help them to attain freedom
-ther. relationship is based on trust
-avoid dependence
-educate client on nature and management of illness and support |
|
|
Term
| some approaches for the treatment of anxiety disorders |
|
Definition
-cognitive
-cognitive behavioral
-relaxation training
-behavioral techniques:
a. modeling
b. systematic desensitization
c. flooding
d. response prevention |
|
|
Term
| cognitive therapy focuses on |
|
Definition
| changing anxiety provoking thoughts |
|
|
Term
| behavioral therapy aims to |
|
Definition
| decrease anxious or avoidant behavior through various activities and techniques |
|
|
Term
| the goal of flooding (implosion) or systematic desensitization is to |
|
Definition
| desensitize the client and to extinguish the anxiety response to the stimulus |
|
|
Term
| the best approach for working with anxiety disorders |
|
Definition
| combination of cognitive, behavioral, and medications |
|
|
Term
| in somatic disorders, anxiety is translated into |
|
Definition
| physical illnesses or bodily complaints |
|
|
Term
| in somatic disorders are the symptoms unreal and voluntary to the patient? |
|
Definition
| no they are real and involuntary to them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conscious attempt at deception |
|
|
Term
| hypochondriasis vs malingering |
|
Definition
| hypo is UNconscious while malingering is conscious deception |
|
|
Term
| somatoform disorders are characterized by |
|
Definition
| physical symptoms that suggest a medical disease but lack organic pathology |
|
|
Term
| where are somatoform disorders placed on the mental health continuum? |
|
Definition
| between moderate and severe |
|
|
Term
| why would a patient with a somatoform disorder be seen on a mental health floor? |
|
Definition
| the somatoform disorder is a comorbidity to an axis I disorder |
|
|
Term
| where are somatoform patients more likely to be seen? |
|
Definition
| outpatient or general medical offices |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| preoccupation with a specific illness with belief that one has a serious despite medical evidence that says otherwise |
|
|
Term
| tend to be very dramatic, emotional, resistant to treatment due to high secondary gain and preoccupied with the belief that they have a specific illness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| working with hypochondriac clients |
|
Definition
-listen to physical complaints
-encourage them to talk about the feelings/stressors underlying the somatic complaints
-get their focus of the physical and onto the psychological |
|
|
Term
| most common somatic disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-most common somatic disease
-extreme psychological stressor
-rapid onset
-loss or change in body functions following an extreme psychological conflict
-cannot be explained medically |
|
|
Term
| conversion disorder can lead to dysfunction in |
|
Definition
-voluntary motor control
-sensory functioning:
a. paralysis
b. aphonia- mute
c. seizures
d. blindness
e. deafness
patients appear indifferent to their symptoms |
|
|
Term
| the difference in patient reactions to symptoms in hypochondriasis vs conversion disorder |
|
Definition
hypo: overly dramatic and concerned
cov dis: indifferent |
|
|
Term
| treatment for somatoform disorder: |
|
Definition
1. physical exam to rule out organic pathology
2. individual therapy
3. group therapy
4. behavioral therapy
5. psychopharmacology |
|
|
Term
| individual therapy for somatoform disorders |
|
Definition
-develop coping skills and healthy adaptive behaviors
-develop practical solutions |
|
|
Term
| with conversion disorder it is important to |
|
Definition
| identify the precipitating stressor |
|
|
Term
| individuals with hypochondriasis may only stay in individual therapy with the support of the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| group therapy for somatoform disorder |
|
Definition
-may be helpful
-confront maladaptive behaviors
-share feelings/experiences |
|
|
Term
| why would behavioral therapy be helpful for a somatoform patient? |
|
Definition
| to work with the family to not reward secondary gain |
|
|
Term
| what type of pharmacology would help a somatoform patient? |
|
Definition
-antianxiety
-antidepressants
to help them deal with the psychological aspects of their disorders |
|
|
Term
disorder:generalized anxiety disorder
pharmacotherapy:
psychotherapy: |
|
Definition
disorder:generalized anxiety disorder
pharmacotherapy:
-SSRIs
-TCAs
-BuSpar
-SNRI
-depakote or depakene
psychotherapy:
cognitive-behavioral |
|
|
Term
disorder:OCD
pharmacotherapy:
psychotherapy: |
|
Definition
disorder:OCD
pharmacotherapy:
-SSRIs especially luvox
-TCS especially anafranil
psychotherapy:
behavioral therapy |
|
|
Term
disorder:pain disorder
pharmacotherapy:
psychotherapy: |
|
Definition
disorder:pain disorder
pharmacotherapy:
-SSRIs
-benzoa
-TCAs
-MAOIs
-blockers
-depakote
psychotherapy:
cog-behavioral |
|
|
Term
disorder:PTSD
pharmacotherapy:
psychotherapy: |
|
Definition
disorder:PTSD
pharmacotherapy:
-SSRIs
-TCAs
-benzos
-SNRIs
-MAOIs
-beta blockers
-tegretol
psychotherapy:
-cog-behavioral
-family therapy
-group therapy with survivors |
|
|
Term
disorder:social phobia or social anxiety disorder
pharmacotherapy:
psychotherapy: |
|
Definition
disorder:social phobia or social anxiety disorder
pharmacotherapy:
-SSRIs
-benzos
-BuSpar
-beta blockers
psychotherapy:
cog-behavioral |
|
|
Term
| have an increased addictive withdrawal cycle that can be lethal. not used unless have to. used until antidepressants reach full blood level. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name some benzodiazepines |
|
Definition
-librium
-xanax
-valium
-ativan
-clonopin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-alters levels of transmitters
-delayed set of action (2 weeks) is not good for PRN
-if taken daily is a good choice |
|
|
Term
| benzodiazepines should not be given to patients over what age, under what age? what other types of patients? why? |
|
Definition
-65 because of their greater risk for falling and paradoxical effect
-addicts
-suicidal patients: may save them up and OD
-children less than 16: paradoxical effect |
|
|
Term
| contraindications of benzodiazepines |
|
Definition
-contraindications:
a. do NOT combine with CNS depressants or antipsychotics |
|
|
Term
| what other types of drugs may be used for anxiety that are not solely psychotropic? |
|
Definition
-antihypertensives:inderal
-mood stabilizers and antipsychotics |
|
|
Term
| what medication was used often before the use of antidepressants and for stage fright, situational anxiety, PTSD and phobias |
|
Definition
| -antihypertensives: like inderal |
|
|
Term
| paxil is ideal for what types of disorders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| luvox is ideal for what disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
