Term
| American Association of Mental Retardation Definition of Mental Retardation |
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Definition
| Disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning an din adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social and practical adaptive skills. Originates before age 18. |
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Term
| Assumption #1 (about limitations) |
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Definition
| Limitations in present functioning must be considered in the context of community environments typical of the individual's age, peers and culture |
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Term
| Assumption #2 (valid assessment) |
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Definition
| Valid assessment considers cultural and linguistic diversity as well as differences in communication, sensory, motor and behavioral factors |
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Term
| Assumption #3 (within the individual) |
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Definition
| Within an individual, limitations often coexist with strengths |
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Term
| Assumption #4 (important purpose) |
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Definition
| An important purpose of describing limitations is to develop a profile of needed supports |
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Term
| Assumption #5 (with supports) |
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Definition
| With appropriate personalized supports over a sustained period 6 mo), the life functioning of the person with mental retardation generally will improve |
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Term
| DSM-IV Classification of IQ levels for Mental Retardation |
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Definition
Mild - 50-55 to 70
Moderate - 35-40 to 50-55
Severe - 20-25 to 35-40
Profound - below 20-35
Severely unspecified intelligence - not testable by standard instruments |
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Term
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Definition
- Extra Chromosome
- Characterized by: round face, flattened skull, extra fold of skin over the eyelids, protruding tongue, short limbs, retardation of motor & mental abilities
- Women <18 and >38 more likely to have babies with MR
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Term
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Definition
- Sex-linked chromosome abnormality
- X chromosome becomes constricted and sometimes breaks
- Characterized by: mental deficiency
- More frequent in males
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Term
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Definition
- Sex-lined chromosome abnormality
- Females lack X chromosome (XO instead of XX)
- Characterized by: shortness, webbed neck, possible MR, possible sexual underdevleopment.
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Term
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Definition
- Sex-linked chromosome abnormality
- Male has extra Y chromosome
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Term
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Definition
- Gene-linked abnormality
- Cannot metabolize an amino acid
- Treated by diet to prevent excess accumulation of phenylalanine
- If untreated --> MR & hyperactivity
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Term
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Definition
- Gene-lined abnormality
- Occurs most often in Blacks
- Results in anemia & early death
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Term
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Definition
Maturation - Change in behavior. Process of growth
Learning - Change associated with specific practice or instruction. Intellectual repetition. |
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Term
| Three basic types of temperament |
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Definition
- Easy - generally in positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines in infancy, and adapts easily to new experiences
- Difficult - reacts negatively & cries frequently, engages in irregular daily routines, slow to accept new experiences
- Slow-to-warm-up - low activity level, somewhat negative, low adaptability, low intensity of mood
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