Term
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Definition
| androgen (made in the testes and ovary) is converted to estrogen |
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Term
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Definition
| failure of the ovaries to continue converting androgen to estrogen: leading to estrogen deficiency and androgen build up (leading to hirsutism, male-pattern baldness, muscle mass build up, fluid retention, etc). |
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Term
| what is the avg age of menopause? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is the purpose of estrogen production starting in a young girl? |
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Definition
| to get her capable of reproduction, the menstrual cycle's purpose is set up to get the female pregnant every month (if this doesn't happen - she will bleed) |
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Term
| what does the first 4 days of the menstrual cycle consist of? |
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Definition
| recruitment of several eggs (while she is bleeding) |
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Term
| what do days 5-7 of the menstrual cycle consist of? |
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Definition
| selection of the recruited eggs, all die but one - egg of the month, or the *dominant follicle. (first week of the month = recruitment/selection). |
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Term
| what happens in the second week of the menstrual cycle? |
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Definition
| the dominant follicle grows and achieves its full "dominant status" until ovulation. |
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Term
| who is the "commander in chief" for the menstrual cycle? |
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Definition
| the hypothalamus, which secretes GnRH (w/o which, nothing else will work) |
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Term
| what does it mean to say that GnRH "pulses"? |
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Definition
| GnRH pulses 1x every hour (MOA for GnRH), if this is interrupted by OCPs - ovulation will not occur |
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Term
| where do the GnRH-producing cells in the hypothalamus migrate from originally? what is it called if this doesn't happen? |
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Definition
| nasal epithelium. if this migration fails to occur = kallmann's syndrome (loss of smell+amenorrhea). |
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Term
| what kind of substance is GnRH? |
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Definition
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Term
| what initiates release (pulsing) of GnRH? |
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Definition
| norepinephrine (a catecholamine) |
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Term
| what stops the release (pulsing) of GnRH? |
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Definition
| dopamine (another catecholamine) |
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Term
| what is carbon, nitrogen, and an acid radical? |
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Definition
| an amino-acid. simplest of which is glycine, add another carbon = *alanine. |
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Term
| what happens when you add a phenol group to alanine? |
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Definition
| phenylalanine, which if you add a hydroxyl group = *tyrosine (important b/c it leads you into the thyroid gland, etc). |
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Term
| what happens if another hydroxyl is added to the phenol group of tyrosine? |
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Definition
| you get dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) |
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Term
| what do you get if you decarboxylate dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)? |
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Definition
| you get an amine -> dopamine |
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Term
| what happens if you put a hydroxyl group on dopamine? |
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Definition
| it becomes norepinephrine |
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Term
| what are endorphins? what can they stimulate production of? |
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Definition
| internally produced morphine (that is 5x stronger), which can stimulate the production of dopamine (which is why female athletes or a drug user may have amenorrhea). |
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