Term
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Definition
| -to remember any event, we must get info into our brain (encode) -retain that info (storage) -and later get it back out (retrieve) |
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| three stage processing model |
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Definition
Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin
1. record to-be-remembered info as a fleeting sensory memory
2. process into short term memory bin where we encode it through rehearsal for
3. long term memory and later retrieval |
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Term
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Definition
| immediate, very brief recording of sensory info in the memory system |
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| activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the info is forgotten or stored |
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| work site for where we rehearse and manipulate info |
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| a newer understanding of short-term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial info, and of info retrieved from long-term memory |
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| when reading book often encode place on page where certain material appears; later, you visualize its location to recall info |
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| when going about day you unintentionally note sequence of events; later when you realize lost something you recreate sequence and retrace |
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| effortlessly keeping track of how many times things happen |
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| in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mehcanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories |
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Definition
| encoding of picture images |
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Definition
| encoding of sounds, especially sounds of words |
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Definition
| encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words |
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Definition
flashed word at people then asked question that required people to process the words visually, acoustically, or semantically
-deeper semantic encoding question yielded much better memory compared to shallow processing by different question |
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Definition
| flashed numbers with different tones |
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Definition
| momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second |
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Definition
| momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds |
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Term
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Definition
an increase in a synapse's firing potential after a brief, rapid stimulation
- believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory |
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Definition
retention independent of conscious recollection - amnesia victims can learn how to do something
-hippocampus
-facts and general knowledge |
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Term
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Definition
memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare"
-amnesia victim's can't declare that they already know it
-cerebellum
-skills, motor and cognitive, classical and operant conditioning |
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Term
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Definition
| measure of memory in which the person must retrieve info learned earlier, fill in the blank test |
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Term
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Definition
| measure of memory in which person need only idnetify items perviously learned, as on multiple choice |
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| memory measure that assesses amount of time saved when learning material for second time |
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| anchor points you can use to access the target info when you wnat to retrieve it later |
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| activation, often unconscioulsy, of particular associations in memory |
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Definition
absent-mindedness
transcience
blocking |
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| inattention to details produces encoding failure (mind elsewhere when putting down keys) |
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Definition
| storage decay over time (unsused info fades) |
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Definition
| inaccessibility of stored info (seeing old classmate, but can't remember name "on tip of tongue") |
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Definition
misattribution
suggestibility
bias |
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Definition
| confusing source info (putting words in someone elses mouth_ |
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Definition
| lingering effects of misinformation (leading questions = false memory) |
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| belief colored recollections (friend's current feelings toward fiance may color her recalled initial feelings) |
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Definition
| persistence = unwanted memories (being haunted by unwanted images) |
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Definition
| info never enters long-term memory |
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Definition
| disruptive effect of prior learning on recall of new info |
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Definition
| disruptive effect of new learning on recall of old info |
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Definition
| incorporating misleading info into one's memory of an event |
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Term
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Definition
| attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imaged |
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