Term
| Who invented the information processing model of memory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Encoding is defined as what? |
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Definition
| put in memory ... transform sensory input into memory code |
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Term
| Storage is defined as what? |
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Definition
| stored and retained ... persistence of information in memory |
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Term
| Retrieval is defined as what? |
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Definition
| recovered ... use of stored information |
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Term
| What are the charteristics of memory? |
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Definition
1. Retains infor for periods of time
2. Uses different types of codes
3. Has different causes of forgetting
4. Has different limitations on the amount of info it can hold
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Term
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Definition
Sensory Register
Short-term Memory
Long-term Memory
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Term
| What happens in Sensory Register? |
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Definition
-Info fades quickly ... less than one second
- iconic (visual) store
-echoic (acoustic) store
-forgetting by decay or replaced by new info
-capacity is very large |
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Term
| What happens in Short term Memory? |
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Definition
-holds contents of our attention (personal interest)
-encoded: mainly auditory
-displacement: new info replaces old info
-capacity: 7 plus/minus 2 chunking
-retrieval: by sequential search ... very rapid IMPORTANT
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Term
| What happens in long term memory? |
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Definition
-enables us to learn from experience
-stores indefinitely and permanently
-encoded by semantics and clustered
-forgetting by interference
-unlimited capacity
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Term
| What are the tree concepts of Retrieval? |
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Definition
-Free recall
-Recognition
-Reconstruction
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Term
| What happens during free recall? |
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Definition
-retrieving info "from scratch"
-serial position effects include recency
-primary effect: first is recalled second
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Term
| What happens during the recognition stage? |
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Definition
| Identifying info from alternatives |
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Term
| What happens during the Reconstruction stage? |
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Definition
-building memory from bits of info
-leveling: making story/info shorter over time
-sharpening: making some info dominant through retelling
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Term
| What happens during the Reconstruction stage? |
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Definition
-building memory from bits of info
-leveling: making story/info shorter over time
-sharpening: making some info dominant through retelling
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Term
| What are the theories of Forgetting? |
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Definition
-Interference
-Physiological Nerve Decay
-Motivated forgetting
-Storage Failure
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Term
| What happens in interference? |
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Definition
something gets in the way or blocks recall
proactive: previous learning interferes
retroactive: learning interferes with recall of old info
the greater the similarity the bigger interference
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Term
| What happens in physiological nerve decay? |
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Definition
| neural tissue or memory traces fades |
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Term
| What happens during motivated forgetting? |
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Definition
| People use repression to enhance self and relieve pain |
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Term
| what happens during storage failure |
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Definition
| it is never stored because it is too brief, not noticed, or not attended to long enough |
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Term
| What are the methods of memory retrieval? |
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Definition
brain stimulation: Perifield
Hypnosis: subjects may lie to please
psychoanalysis
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Term
| What are memory dysfunctions and what do they consist of? |
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Definition
Amnesia:
Retrograde: forgetting info immediately before injury
Anterpgrade: forgetting infor that comes after injury
Consolidation: memory is transferred by becoming
durable
Alzheimer's and Korsakotts
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