Term
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Definition
| the mental processes needed to acquire, retain, and retrieve info |
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Term
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Definition
| includes the process of acquiring and entering info into memory |
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Term
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Definition
| involves maintaining the encoded info over a period of time so it can be retrieved later. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the process of accessing the stored info |
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Term
| what are the three processes of memory |
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Definition
| encoding, storage, retrieval |
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Term
| parallel distributed processing (PDP) model |
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Definition
| a model in which new info is integrated with existing memories, resulting in a change in a person's overall knowledge base. |
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Term
| information processing model |
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Definition
| model in which memory must be processed through three stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory |
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Term
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Definition
| also referred to as iconic memory, is retained for less than a second |
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Term
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Definition
| also referred to as echoic memory, tends to be retained for a few seconds |
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Term
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Definition
| receives info from sensory memory and then uses info stored in long term memory to understand and associate the new info |
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Term
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Definition
| info that a person is actively working with in short term memory |
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Term
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Definition
| repeating a unit of info over and over, keeping it in short term for a longer period |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the process of grouping individual units of info into meaningful chunks. |
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Term
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Definition
| the warehouse that stores a limitless among of info over a period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| the application of personal meaning and understanding to help ensure that the info is encoded into long term memory as demonstrated through higher order thinking skills, which include application and evaluation |
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Term
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Definition
| involve "how to" information. |
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Term
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Definition
| includes personal memories like your birthday or home address |
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Term
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Definition
| involves general knowledge about your environment, like how many tires are on a car or the capital of the state you live in. |
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Term
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Definition
| referred to as nondeclarative memories and do not require conscious thinking, like how to tie your shoes. |
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Term
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Definition
| memories are stored through associations |
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Term
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Definition
| a process that refers to activating and associating the strands of memories positioned in the semantic network |
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Term
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Definition
| clues or hints that help trigger a long term memory |
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Term
| serial position effect (primary and recency effect) |
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Definition
| people have an easier time remembering things at the beginning or end of a something and forget whats in the middle |
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Term
| encoding specificity principle |
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Definition
| states that retrieval is more effective when retrieval conditions are similar to those that were in effect when the info was encoded or learned. |
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Term
| context dependent memories |
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Definition
| refers to retrieving info in the same setting in which the info was encoded |
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Term
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Definition
| when a person is in a happy mood, that person tends to think of happy memories and vice versa |
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Term
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Definition
| person's internal state can also serve as a retrieval cue. |
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Term
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Definition
| very vivid memories of things with significance and personal meaning. |
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Term
| parallel distributed processing models |
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Definition
| suggest that semantic and episodic memories become integrated with existing info |
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Term
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Definition
| established mental representations of people, objects, and events |
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Term
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Definition
| how you ask a person to recall an event could affect his or her memory of that event |
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Term
| ebbinghaus forgetting curve |
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Definition
| much of what is learned is quickly forgotten |
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Term
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Definition
| suggests that memories can interfere with each other, causing info to be forgotten |
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Term
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Definition
| an older memory interferes with your remembering a new memory |
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Term
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Definition
| a new memory interferes with your remembering an old memory |
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Term
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Definition
| is used to consciously forget info |
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Term
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Definition
| is the unconscious forgetting of info |
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Term
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Definition
| suggests that people forget memories that they are not actively using |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the inability to remember events from the past, specifically episodic memories. |
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Term
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Definition
| the inability to from new memories |
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Term
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Definition
| memory aids that help organize info like acronyms or method of loci |
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