Ebbinhaus

-used nonsense syllables

(Xar, Tuw, Biq)

                                            (maintenance rehearsal)

sensory imput---->[sensory register]--attention-->[short term]--encoding-->[long term]

                                                                                      <--- retrieval

                                      unattended (lost)                   unrehearsed (lost)                 some MAY be

                                                                                                                                      lost over time

remembering the orientation of letters 

or

how they looked

Accustic Condition

remembering how words sounded

Semantic Condition

deeper processing

(actually understanding)

Two Types of Rehearsal Functions

Levels of Processing Approach

Maintenance & Elaborative

Maintenance Rehearsal

repeating until learnt

(memorization)

Elaborative Rehearsal

deeper processing

(understanding application)

Craik and Lockhart 

Self-Reference Effect

being able to link info to oneself creates

deepest processing effect as

it is most important to you

(do the one that helps you rememeber best)

H.M. memory disorder

anterograde amnesia

-unable to encode new memories

(forgot things almost instantly)

-implicit memory intact

explicit = NON existant

Explicit Memory tasks

(1) Recall : asked to answer given no retrieval clues

(ex: fill in the blank)

(2) Recognition: given clues to see if have seen/learnt

(ex: mult choice)

Implicit Memory tasks

(1) Word Completion: fill in missing letters

(2) Repitition Priming: when word used (ex kitche) then 

asked to name 3 rooms person will use

kitchen as one of them (bc was primed

to think kitchen)

What two elements must be present for a memory to be considered flashbulb?

(1) great surprise

(2) strong emotional arousal

What aspects of a flashbult memory are often reported?

~very vivid~

-remember who the person was who delievered the news

-where they were

-what they were doing

-the aftermath

What types of events lead

to flashbulb memories?

SAIL

-sports

-accidents

-injuries

-love

Are flashbulb memories qualitatively different

than other memories?

-quantitatively different

NOT

qualitatively

Misinformation Effect 

-Elizabeth Loftus

-memor can be influenced by how question was asked

-planted info can change what they thought

-can get people to believe info that wasnt true

-people embelished planted information

Peterson & Peterson

SHORT TERM MEMORY

-duration 15-20 seconds

clustering and chunking

Miller

SHORT TERM MEMORY

-can INC ability to retain shorterm memory

7 +/- 2 units

Episodic Memory

LONG TERM MEMORY

-memories from experiences in life

-normally chronological

Semantic Memory

LONG TERM MEMORY

-factual memory

3 types of Long Term Memory

Explicit

Implicit

Flash bulb

Tulving

came up with the difference between episodic and 

semantic long term memories

2 types of Sensory Registry

visual sensory memory

auditory sensory memroy

Visual Sensory Memory

(+ experimentor)

iconic memory

speriling

duration 0.5 seconds

Auditory Sensory Memory

(+experimentor)

Echoic Memory

Moray

duration 2 secs

Levels of processing apprach

the more deeply the infomration is processed

the better chance you will have of remembering it later

Maintenance and elaborative

the better rehearsed something is

the easier it is for it to be retrieved later on

for it is fresh in our long-term memory

Types of Explicit Memory

semantic

episodic

Types of Implicit Memory

priming

contintioning

skills learned