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| Memory acquisition is to memory retention as ________ is to ________. |
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| To recognize the active information processing that occurs in short-term memory, researchers have characterized it as ________ memory. |
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| As compared with long-term memory, short-term memory is ________ permanent and ________ limited in storage capacity. |
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| The extensive rehearsal necessary to encode nonsense syllables best illustrates |
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| Although Jordan could not recall the exact words of a poem he had recently heard, he clearly remembered the meaning of the poem. This best illustrates the importance of |
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| It is easier to remember “what sobriety conceals, alcohol reveals” than to recall “what sobriety conceals, alcohol unmasks.” This best illustrates the value of |
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| When you hear familiar words in your native language, it is virtually impossible not to register the meanings of the words. This best illustrates the importance of |
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| putting items into familiar, manageable units |
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| mental pictures; a powerful aid to effortful processing |
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| encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words |
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| Students who review previously learned course material at various times throughout a semester to pass a comprehensive final are especially likely to demonstrate long-term retention of the course material. This best illustrates the value of |
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| At a block party, Cyndi is introduced to eight new neighbors. Moments later, she remembers only the names of the first three and last two neighbors. Her experience illustrates |
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| example of this is...our tendency to recall the last and first item on the list |
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| distribute study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through mass study |
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| repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage |
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| encoding that requires attention and conscious effort |
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| unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space,time,and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings |
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| persistence of learning over time throughout he storage and retrieval of information |
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| An understanding of the spacing effect provides insight into effective strategies for |
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| momentary memory of a visual-only lasting a few secs-ex;lic place driving by |
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| momentary sensory memory of hearing- |
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| Ebbinghaus observed that it is much easier to learn meaningful material than to learn nonsense material. This best illustrates the advantage of |
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| The peg-word system relies heavily on the use of |
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Combining individual letters into familiar words enables you to remember more of the letters in this sentence. This best illustrates the value of
d. chunking. |
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| For a moment after hearing his dog’s high-pitched bark, Mr. Silvers has a vivid auditory impression of the dog’s yelp. His experience most clearly illustrates ________ memory. |
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| Which of the following is believed to be the synaptic basis for learning and memory? |
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| Mr. Nydam suffers from amnesia and is unable to remember playing golf on a particular course. Yet the more he plays the course, the more his game improves. His experience illustrates the need to distinguish between |
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| c. explicit memory and implicit memory. |
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| For a fraction of a second after the lightning flash disappeared, Ileana retained a vivid mental image of its ragged edges. Her experience most clearly illustrates the nature of _______ memory. |
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| When you have to make a long-distance call, dialing an unfamiliar area code plus a seven-digit number, you are likely to have trouble retaining the just-looked-up number. This best illustrates the limited capacity of ________ memory. |
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| Most Americans still have accurate flashbulb memories of the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001. This best illustrates that memory formation is facilitated by |
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| d. the body’s release of stress hormones. |
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| Having read a story once, certain amnesia victims will read it faster the second time even though they can’t recall having seen the story before. They have most likely suffered damage to the |
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| the activation often unconsciously- may need a cue or prompt to access memory out-ex; looking at someone else's wedding pics trigger my own wedding memories |
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| retrieved info learned already;example-fill in the blank test |
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| needs prompt-memory in which the person need only i.d. items previously learned ;example-multiple choice test |
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| ex-walk into a room and forget why-return to where you were previously to try and remember |
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| encode info while your mind is in a certain state of mind-ex; some have to listen to music to take a test bc thats how they study |
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| mood influences how we encode info-and retrieve it |
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| The happier Judie is, the more readily she recalls experiences with former teachers who were warm and generous. This best illustrates that emotional states can be |
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| While in a context similar to one you’ve been in before, you see a stranger who looks and walks like one of your friends. These circumstances are likely to trigger the experience of |
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| Which test of memory typically provides the fewest retrieval cues? |
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| A measure of your memory in which you need to pick the correctly learned answer from a displayed list of options is known as a measure of |
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| To recall his early life experiences, Aaron formed vivid mental images of the various rooms in his childhood home. Aaron was applying the process of |
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| Whenever Valerie experiences intense feelings of fear, she is overwhelmed with childhood memories of her abusive parents. Valerie’s experience best illustrates |
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| b. mood-congruent memory. |
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| these memories are masking old ones-new material interferes with retrieval of old information |
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| prior learning interferes with recall of new information |
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| During her evening Spanish language exam, Janica so easily remembers the French vocabulary she studied that morning that she finds it difficult to recall the Spanish vocabulary she rehearsed that afternoon. Her difficulty best illustrates |
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| b. proactive interference. |
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| After Teresa was verbally threatened by someone in a passing car, she was asked whether she recognized the man who was driving the car. Several hours later, Teresa mistakenly recalled that the driver was a male rather than a female. Teresas experience best illustrates |
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| c. the misinformation effect. |
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| Recalling something that you had once merely imagined happening as something you had directly experienced best illustrates |
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| Forming many associations between new course material and what you already know is an effective way to build a network of |
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| Austin cant remember Jack Smiths name because he wasnt paying attention when Jack was formally introduced. Austins poor memory is best explained in terms of |
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| While taking the final exam in American history, Marie was surprised and frustrated by her momentary inability to remember the name of the first president of the United States. Her difficulty most clearly illustrates |
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| Although Ron typically smokes two packs of cigarettes a day, he recalls smoking little more than a pack a day. This poor memory best illustrates |
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| The surprising ease with which people form false memories best illustrates that the processes of encoding and retrieval involve |
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| Several months after watching a science fiction movie about spaceship travel and alien abductions, Steve began to remember that he had been abducted by aliens and personally subjected to many of the horrors portrayed in the movie. His mistaken recall best illustrates |
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| We want to forget the bad and remember the good |
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| examples of sins of forgetting |
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| absent mindedness-repression-decay |
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| ex; of sins of distortion |
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| misatribution-biasect-suggestability |
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| persistance(unwanted memories keep coming back) |
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| didnt encode info correctly-we didnt put enough effort into it |
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| often distorted by others assumptions-ex:u saw a wreck-you hear on the news that the driver was driving crazy-u assume he was drinking now |
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| ex is when a child gets abused by the uncle-the mother says to the child,its not a big deal that how he shows love |
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| you feel like something is true yet it never happend to you |
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| declarative memory-explicit |
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Fact-Knowledge:everyday(where we park)
general(52 weeks in year)
Academic(smarty stuff) |
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| declarative memory-explicit |
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| sematic memory-episodic-flashbulb |
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| unconscious-skills,procedures-skills that are well rehearsed |
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| the more emotional the event |
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| stress causes hormones to release |
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| cortisol increases glucose that increases.. |
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| arousal-to sear into memory permanently |
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| highly stressed brains wont be as efficient due to this hormone |
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| too much stress can corrode |
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| ex-where were u at 911- experiencing it right now, feels like u were their all over again |
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| memory decay caused by different things-damage to the brain |
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