Term
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Definition
| getting information into the system by translating it into a neural code that your brain processes |
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Term
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Definition
| retaining information over time |
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Term
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Definition
| processes that access stored information |
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Term
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Definition
-briefly holds incoming sensory information
-if attention is not paid to the information it is forgotten
-less than a second |
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Term
| Working/Short-term memory |
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Definition
-memory store that temporarily holds a limited amount of information
-'magical number seven, give or take 2' |
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Term
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Definition
combining invidual items into larger units of meaning
(phone numbers) |
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Term
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Definition
-a limited-capacity system that temporarily sotres and processes information
-Short term memory as viewed by cognitive scientists |
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Term
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Definition
-briefly stores mental representations of sounds
-active when you listen to a spoken word or when you sound out a work to yourself as you read. |
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Definition
-briefly stores visual and spatial information
-occurs when you forma mental image of someone's face or of the spatial layout of your bedroom |
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Term
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Definition
| -provides a temporary storage soace where information from long-term memory and from the phonological and/or visuospatial subsystem can be integrated, manipulated and made available for conscious awareness |
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Term
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Definition
| -our vast library of more durable stored memories |
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Term
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Definition
| - the ability to recall an item is influenced by the item's position in a series |
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Term
Levels of processing
(definition, 3 types) |
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Definition
-the more deeply we process information, te better we will remember it
1. Structural encoding (emphasis on the physical structural characteristics of the stimulus)
2. Phonemic encoding (emphasis on the sound of the words)
3. Semantic encoding (emphasis on the meaning) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -Focusing on the meaning of information or expanding on it in some way |
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Term
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Definition
| -encoding information using both verbal and visual codes enhances memory because the odds improve that at least one of the codes will be available later to support recall |
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Term
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Definition
| -a memory aid that associates information with mental images of physical locations |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-a mental framework - an organized pattern of thought - about some aspect of the world
-examples: the concepts 'dog' 'shopping' 'love' |
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Term
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Definition
| -a person who displays extraordinary memory skills |
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Term
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Definition
-a massive network of associated ideas and concepts
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Term
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Definition
| -the activation of one concept (or one unit of information) by another |
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Term
Declarative memory
(2 subcategories) |
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Definition
-factual memory
1. Episodic memory
2. Semantic memory |
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Term
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Definition
| -knowledge concerning personal experiences: when, where, and what happened in the episodes of our lives. |
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Term
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Definition
| -general factual knowledge about the world and language, includingmemory for words and concepts |
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Term
Procedural (non-declarative) memory
-2 subsets |
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Definition
-reflected in skills and actions
1. Skills - motor and cognitive
2. Classical conditioning |
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Term
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Definition
| -conscious or intentional memory retrieval, as when you consciously recognize or recall something |
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Term
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Definition
| -when memory influences our behaviour without conscious awareness |
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Term
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Definition
| -a stimulus, whether internal or external, that activates information stored in long-term memory |
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Term
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Definition
| -recollections that seem so vivid that we can picture them as if they were snapshots of moments in time |
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Term
| Encoding specificity principle |
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Definition
-memory is enhanced when conditions present during retrieval match those that were present during encoding
-when stimuli associated with an event become encoded as part of the memory, they may later serve as retrieval cues. |
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Term
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Definition
| -it typically eaiser to remember something in the same enviroment in which it was originally encoded |
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Term
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Definition
| -our abilityto retrieve information is greater when our itnernal state at the time of retrieval matches our original state during learning |
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Term
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Definition
| -we tend to recall information or events that are congruent with our current mood |
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Term
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Definition
| -with time and disuse the long-term physical memory trace i the nervous system fades away |
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Term
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Definition
| -occurs when material learned in the past interferes with recall of newer material |
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Term
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Definition
| -occurs when newly acquired information interferes with the ability to recal information learned at an earlier time |
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Term
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Definition
| -a motivational process that protects us by blocking the conscious recall of anxiety arousing memories |
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Term
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Definition
| -remembering to perform an activity in the future |
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Term
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Definition
| -memory loss for events that took place sometme in life before the onset on amnesia |
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Term
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Definition
| -memory loss for events that occur after the initial onset of amnesia |
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Term
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Definition
| -memory loss for early experiences |
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Term
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Definition
| -the distortion of a memory by misleading a post-evet information |
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Term
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Definition
| -our tendency to recall something or recognize it as familiar but to forget where we encountered it |
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