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| movement of substances into and out of the cell |
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| dissolving medium; typically water in the body |
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| components in smaller quantities within a solution |
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| fluid on exterior of cell |
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requires no energy
move from high to low concentration |
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particles distribute themselves evenly within a solution
down a concentration gradient |
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simple diffusion of water
highly polar water molecules easily cross the plasma membrane through aquaporins |
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| substances require a protein carrier for passive transport |
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| forced through a membrane by fluid, or hydrostatic pressure |
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