Term
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Definition
| meiosis is a cell division process that produces 4 haploid gametes |
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Term
| what is a gamete? (meiosis) |
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Definition
| each gamete is unique and all are in sex cells found in both male and female species |
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Term
| process to create male gametes |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| one egg and 3 polar degenerate bodies |
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| process to create female gametes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
having declined or become less specialized (as in nature, character, structure or function) from an ancestral or former state. OR:
having sunk to a condition below that which is normal to a type |
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Term
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Definition
| to produce sex cells for sexual reproduction |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| how often does male eukaryotic reproduction occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| how often does female eukaryotic reproduction occur |
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Definition
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Term
| phases of meiosis (9 or 11) |
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Definition
1. interphase (90%)
2. prophase one
3. metaphase one
4. anaphase one
5. telophase one and cytokinesis
6. prophase two
7. metaphase two
8. anaphase two
9. telophase two and cytokinesis |
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Term
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Definition
gap 1 (G1)
synthesis (S)
gap 2 (G2) |
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Term
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Definition
| cell increases in mass while the cell still performs main function |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| continues to grow in preparation for division |
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Term
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Definition
| one of 2 identical parts of a duplicated chromosome in a eukaryote cell |
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Term
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Definition
| the location where the sister chromatids are attached at |
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Term
| what percent of meiotic division does prophase 1 take |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens in prophase 1 |
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Definition
1. chromosomes become visible through a microscope as chromatin begins to coil
2. each homologous chromosome containing 2 sister chromatids pair up during SYNAPSIS
3. each homologous chromosome mathces up with the other homologous chromosome that has the code for the same traits but with different coding
4. these 2 chromosomes form a tetrad
5. centrioles move towards the opposite sides of the cell as the spindle fiber begins to form
6. nuclear envelope disapears |
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Term
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Definition
| two chromosomes OR four chromatids (tetra means four) |
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Term
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Definition
| spindle fiber is now complete and tetrads line up along the metaphase plate |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. 2 homologous chromosomes of tetrads split and move towards the different poles of the cell as the spindles contract
2. sister chromatids remain intact (UNLIKE IN MITOSIS) |
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Term
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Definition
| ensure that each new cell will receive only one chromosome from each homologous pair AND increase the chance of genetic diversity |
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Term
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Definition
1. nuclear membrane comes back into view under a microscope
2. spindle fiber disintegrates (JUST LIKE MITOSIS)
3. chromosomes stay wound and are double stranded for second meiosis phase |
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Term
| cytokinesis (meiosis phase 1) |
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Definition
| divides cytoplasm to create 2 genetically different daughter cells = haploid cells |
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Term
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Definition
haploid: only have 2 chromosomes (one big and one little)
diploid: has 4 chromosomes (2 big and 2 little) |
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Term
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Definition
1. NOW ARE HAPLOID CELLS and chromosomes are already in view
2. nuclear envelope disintegrates
3. spindle fiber begins to form
4. centrioles move towards the opposite ends |
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Term
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Definition
1. spindle fibers are complete
2. centrioles are at either end of the cell
3. chromosomes line up individually on the metaphase plate |
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Term
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Definition
1. chromosomes split
2. centromere of each sister chromatid finally separate
3. chromatids split and move towards the poles (JUST LIKE MITOSIS) |
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Term
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Definition
1. chromosomes begin to unwind
2. spindle fiber disintegrates
3. nuclear membrane comes back into view |
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Term
| cytokinesis (meiosis phase 2) |
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Definition
1. divides cytoplasm creating FOUR HAPLOID CELLS each with half the number of chromosomes.
2. each new cell has one long and one short chromosome (length represents different genetic codes) |
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Term
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Definition
| process of cell division which produces 2 identical diploid daughter cells |
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Term
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Definition
1. growth and repair in human
2. asexual reproduction |
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Term
| forms of asexual reproduction |
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Definition
1. budding
2. binary fission
3. regeneration |
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Term
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Definition
| hydra: makes branch like things that can eventually become there own hydra. potatoes |
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Definition
| bacteria OR prokaryotic cells |
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Term
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Definition
1. planaria (flat worm): can re-grow into new being if cut apart
2. sea stars: ability to grow new appendages and new parts (legs etc) |
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Term
| how much time does the mitotic phase take |
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Definition
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Term
| how many phases are in mitosis |
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Definition
| 4 or 5 (similar to meiosis 2) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| exchange of genetic information in order to create genetic variation |
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Term
| how do plants differ from animals when they go through these processes? |
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Definition
| plants have cell wall: new wall gets created at what would be the cleavage furrow and then the cells break apart. plant cells don't have centrioles so the spindle fibers connect to the cell membrane |
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