Term
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Definition
Separates the two homologs1. Synapsis
Homologous chromosomes pair all along their lengths in prophase I
While paired homologs cross over
2. Reduction division
Homologs separate in Anaphase I reducing the chromosome number in 1/2 (2n to 1n)
This produces haploid gametes |
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Definition
| Created by fertilization. Contains 2 copies of each chromosome |
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Definition
| Separates the two sister chromatids |
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Definition
| Homologous chromosomes PAIR, cross over occurs (recombination of segments) |
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Definition
| Homologous chromosome pairs LINE UP at random at the equatorial midline |
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Definition
| Homologs SEPARATE and move to opposite poles |
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Definition
| Nuclear membrane reforms, chromosomes uncoil. After cytokinesis, two haploid cells are produced |
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Term
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Definition
After meiosis I there is a brief interphase
No DNA synthesis occurs
Meiosis II is similar to mitosis,
but with two main differences
1. Haploid set of chromosomes
2. Sister chromatids are not identical
because of cross over |
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Term
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Definition
Begins with haploid cells
Spindle forms
Nuclear membrane breaks down
Each chromosome is composed of two sister chromatids attached at the centromere |
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Definition
| Chromosomes line up on the midline and attach to spindle fibers |
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Definition
Centromeres divide
Sister chromatids move to opposite poles |
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Term
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Definition
Nuclear membrane reforms,
Chromosomes uncoil. After Cytokinesis,
Four unique haploid cells are produced |
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Term
| Sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity through three key mechanisms |
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Definition
1. Crossing over
2. Independent assortment
3. Random fertilization |
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Term
| DNA exchanges between maternal and paternal chromatid pairs |
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Definition
| DNA exchanges between maternal and paternal chromatid pairs |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal allele of a genes that causes cancer by influencing the cell cycle. Abnormal varients can encode the receptors that regulate growth and cell division. |
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Term
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Definition
| Encode proteins that normally block cancer development; they promote normal cell death or prevent cell division |
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Term
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Definition
| Normal genes that stimulate cell growth/division. If mutated, they become oncogenes. |
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Term
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Definition
| plays a key role in the G1 checkpoint of cell division. the p53 protein, the gene's product, monitors the INTEGRITY OF DNA- can halt cell division and stimulate repair enzymes. a mutation of the p53 gene results in rapid dividing of cancer cells without the halt by the p53 protein. |
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Term
| Which of the following is a difference between an autosome and a sex chromosome? |
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Definition
| There are more autosomes than sex chromosomes in a cell. |
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Term
| Why do homologous chromosomes have a similar appearance in a karyotype? |
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Definition
Because they share the same banding pattern,
Because they share the same amount of DNA
,Because their centromeres are in the same location |
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Term
| Recombination is most likely to occur between |
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Definition
| linked genes that are far apart |
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Term
| What is the role of the Y chromosome in sex determination in humans? |
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Definition
| It carries genes that control the formation of male body structures. |
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Term
| What is the relationship between homologous chromosomes? |
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Definition
| They carry different versions of the same genes. |
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Term
| does independent assortment contribute to diversity? |
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Definition
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| what are some mechanisms that contribute to diversity? |
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Definition
Random fertilization,
Crossing over,
Cytokinesis |
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Term
| an active site is the key to what? |
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Definition
| Is a location on an enzyme, that is a key to the specificity of an enzymatic reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| The molecule (molecules) that fits into the active site of an enzyme and reacts with the enzyme |
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Term
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Definition
Substances needed by proteins in order to function as an enzyme,
Minerals,
Vitamins,
Must be provided to cells by the nutrients an organism takes in |
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Term
| at chemical equilibrium, what is in balance? |
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Definition
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