Term
| What are the 4 subgroups of aging? |
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Definition
Young old: 65-74
Middle old: 75-84
Old Old: 85-90
Elite Old: >100 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Branch of medicine dealing with health and the care of old people |
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Term
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Definition
| illness caused by by medical treatment |
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Term
| What are neurological changes related to aging? |
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Definition
*Impaired sensory intake (ex: poor vision, poor hearing)
*Slower reactions and responses
*Physical illness causes delirium
*Impaired thermoregulation
*Diminished balance and coordination |
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Term
| What are the Nursing Implications for neurological changes in aging? |
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Definition
*Identify baseline status
*Allow more time to process info
*Allow more time for physical activities, ADLs
*Assess confusion
*Does pt. have glasses, hearing aids, etc? |
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Term
| What are the cardiovascular changes related to aging? |
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Definition
*Arterial wall sclerosis (HTN)
* Sclerosis of heart valves (heart murmur)
* Ventricular and atrial hypertrophy (results in decreased coronary artery blood flow (supply) but increased cardiac workload (demand))
* Baroreceptors less sensitive
* More likely to have vague symptoms with CAD |
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Term
| What are the Nursing Implications for cardiovascular changes in aging? |
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Definition
*Have pt. change position in stages to avoid abrupt changes in BP
*Assess complaints centered in chest, and have high suspicion for vague systemic complaints
*Avoid extreme temperatures
*Encourage healthy lifestyle choices |
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Term
| What are the pulmonary changes related to aging? |
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Definition
*Stiffer chest wall and lungs
*Lower resp muscle strength, pulmonary reserve
*Less effective inhalation and exhalation
*Raised risk of infection and airway obstruction
*lowered awareness of hypoxia and hypercapnea |
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Term
| What are the Nursing Implications for pulmonary changes in aging? |
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Definition
*Monitor mental status
*Keep pt. hydrated
*Encourage activity, deep breathing & coughing
*Aggressive pulmonary toilet for at-risk pt
*Oxygen therapy, bronchodilators |
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Term
| What are the renal changes associated with aging? |
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Definition
*Kidney mass, glomerular filtration rate decrease by 10% each decade after 30 yrs
* Impaired ability to dilute/concentrate urine
* More susceptible to nephrotoxic drugs |
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Term
| What are the bladder changes associated with aging? |
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Definition
*Decreased bladder tone & capacity
*Increased post-void residual/difficulty emptying bladder
*Prostate enlargement
*Increased frequency |
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Term
| What labs should be monitored for renal/bladder implications for aging? |
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Definition
*Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, Creatinine Clearance
*Monitor for renally cleared drugs
*Monitor I/O for fluid balance |
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Term
| What are oropharyngeal changes related to aging? |
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Definition
*May have poor dentition or ill-fitting dentures
*Decreased taste
*Increased difficulty chewing & increased risk of aspiration |
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Term
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Definition
| Drawing of foreign substance, such as gastric contents, into respiratory tract during inhalation |
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Term
| What are the stomach changes related to aging? |
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Definition
*Decreased gastic motility
*Atrophy of protective mucosa, increased risk of acid reflux, ulcers, hiatal hernia
*Increased risk of malnutrition |
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Term
| What are the liver changes related to aging? |
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Definition
*Reduced size and blood flow
*Reduced drug clearance
*Reduced capacity to regenerate cells |
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Term
| What are the intestinal changes related to aging? |
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Definition
| *Decreased motility, digestive enzymes secretion, defecation sensation |
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Term
| True or False: Constipation in the aging is to be expected. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: Incontinence in the aging is to be expected. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the Nursing Implications for GI changes in the elderly? |
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Definition
*Monitor nutritional status and labs
*Monitor for fluid balance
*Education re: nutrition, bowel health, alcohol |
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Term
| What are the MSK changes related to aging? |
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Definition
*Decreased muscle mass, replaced by body fat
*Decreased bone density, increased joint degeneration
*Height reduction |
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Term
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Definition
| Extreme curvature of the upper back (AKA "dowager's hump") |
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Term
| What are nursing interventions for the changes in the MSK system related to aging? |
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Definition
*Teach safety tips to prevent falls, reinforce need to exercise
*Prevent pressure on bone prominences
*Teach proper body mechanics |
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Term
| What are the Integumentary changes related to aging? |
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Definition
*Thickness & elasticity of skin decreased r/t decreased elastin and collagen
*Less SQ fat
*Inability of skin to retain moisture
*More vulnerable to damage, slower to heal |
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Term
| What is Fried's Phenotype for Frailty? |
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Definition
A screening tool in which 3 or more of the following equals frailty:
1. Shrinking
2. Exhausting
3. Strength
4. Slowness
5. Low Physical Activity |
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Term
| Geriatric Failure to Thrive |
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Definition
| Complex syndrome including under-nutrition, impaired physical functioning, depression, and cognitive impairment |
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Term
| Relocation Stress Syndrome |
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Definition
| Physical and emotional distress that occurs after the person moves from one setting to another |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Farsightedness that worsens with aging |
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Term
| Geriatric Depression Scale--Short Form (GDS-SF) |
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Definition
| Valid and reliable screening tool available in multiple languages in which the patient selects "yes" or "no" to 15 questions. Score of 10 or greater is consistent with possible diagnosis of clinical depression |
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Term
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Definition
| broad term used for a syndrome that involves a slowly progressive cognitive decline, sometimes referred to as chronic confusion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 types of delirium? |
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Definition
1. Hyperactive
2. Hypoactive
3. Mixed
4. Unclassifiable |
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Term
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Definition
| The Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults is an assessment tool useful in screening for medication-related risks in older adults with chronic health problems |
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Term
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Definition
Identifies 6 serious "marker conditions" that can lead to longer hospital stays, higher med costs, and deaths:
*Sleep disorders
*Problems with eating or feeding
*Incontinence
*Confusion
*Evidence of falls
*Skin breakdown |
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Term
| Lawton's Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) |
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Definition
| Scale developed to assess complex activities needed to function in community settings. Score ranges from 0 (dependent) to 8 (independent) for women, 0-5 for men. |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of abuse for the elderly? |
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Definition
1. Physical abuse
2. Financial abuse
3. Emotional Abuse |
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Term
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Definition
| Any device or drug that prevents the patient from moving freely - must be prescribed by healthcare provider |
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