Term
| name 4 events that cks might trigger? |
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Definition
1. apoptosis 2. gene expression/control 3. cell proliferation/differentiation 4. increased metabolism |
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Term
| what cells primarily involved in ck production (type and examples) |
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Definition
leukocytes primarily Th and mactophage |
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Term
| explain general process from stimulus to effect in ck signaling |
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Definition
stimulus ck production by cell 1 ck receptor binding of cell 2 intracellular signaling gene expression effect |
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Term
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Definition
interleukin interferon tumor necrosis factor colony stimulating factor |
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Term
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Definition
| an interleukin that signals migration of cells, imp to inflammatory response |
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Term
| what is function of interferon? |
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Definition
combat viral infection prevent spread of virus to other cells induce host resistance to viral infection |
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Term
| what is the function of CSF |
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Definition
| trigger differentiation of hemopoeitic cells into diff blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| formation of blood vessels to feed tumor |
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Term
| what type of ck can be used to combat angiogenesis in cancer |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what are 3 ways that cks affect intensity/duration of IR? |
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Definition
activation proliferation production (cks and Abs) |
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Term
| what are 5 mechanisms that cks regulate activity? |
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Definition
pleiotrophy redundancy synergy antagonism cascade induction |
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Term
| why is a cascade mechanism a good strategy |
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Definition
amplification multiple pts for control/modification |
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Term
| what are 3 strategies viruses have evolved related to cks |
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Definition
bind cks bind receptors produce ck mimics that compete w cks |
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Term
| what are 4 ck related diseases |
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Definition
bacterial septic shock bacterial toxic shock chagas disease lymphoid/myeloid cancers |
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Term
| explain bacterial septic shock. what type of organisms. what specific org. what molecule causes reaction |
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Definition
LPS of gr(-) bacteria cause overproduction of cks, increased diapedesis, resulting in low blood pressure causing clotting, organ failure, and diarhea bc of increased fluid in large intestine. Ps. aeruginosa Ent. aerogenes Klebsiella pneumoniae Neisseria meningitidis |
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Term
| why are lymphoid cancers esp aggressive |
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Definition
results in high ck production which causes proliferation, aggressive growth |
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Term
| explain bacterial toxic shock. what type of org triggers? what molecule? what specific orgs. |
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Definition
bacterial toxins from gr(+) cause increased cks, increased diapedesis, same effects as bact septic shock. Staphylococcus Streptococcus |
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Term
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Definition
same species, diff individual tissue/organ transplants |
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Term
| what are 4 therapeutic uses of cks? |
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Definition
immunosuppressants for tranplants treatment of hypersensitivity autoimmune treatment immunosuppressive chemotherapy |
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Term
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Definition
| a labile system of ~30 soluble proteins that interact in a cascading manner to clear pathogens |
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Term
| what is a zymogen? why is this a good system? |
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Definition
a proenzyme. 2 enzymes joined together such that the active sites are not exosed so that they are inactive when joined and active when cleaved. good system bc always around easily activated easily transported |
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Term
| what are 4 effects of Abs binding Ags? which is most imp? |
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Definition
neutralize toxins cause agglutination provide binding site for phagocytosis activate complement complement most imp |
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Term
| what are the effects of complement activation |
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Definition
cell lysis increased phagocytosis increased inflammation leukotriene production prostaglandin production decreased Ab production inc mobilization of immature leuks from marrow trigger clearance of immune complexes, deposited in spleen and liver |
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Term
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Definition
| molecules produced as a result of complement activation that mediate the inflammatory response. prostaglandin precursors. derived from metabolism of arachodonic acid |
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Term
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Definition
| molecules produced from activation of complement. involved in inflammatory response. cause vasodilation, increased permeability, and activate pain recpetors. derived from leukotrienes |
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Term
| explain production of B cells |
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Definition
Ag independant phase - immature B cells become mature, naive B cells in bone marrow Ag dependant phase - in peripheral lymphoid organs naive B cells undergo apoptosis if no Ags present if Ag present, become activated B cells. Activated B cells undergo clonal expansion and differentiation (plasma B cells and memory B cells) |
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Term
| what are 3 inherited complement related problems? |
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Definition
C1 or C4 deficiency - SLE like disease C3 deficiency - increased susc to bacterial infection esp Staph and Strep C5-C9 deficiency - increased susc to Neisseria |
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Term
| explain production of T cells |
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Definition
Hematopoeitic stem cells produce lymphoid progenitors migrate to thymus pre T cell becomes mature T cell involving addition of CD surface markers mature T cells leave thymus, migrate to periphery |
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Term
| what T cells are CD4+? CD8+? |
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Definition
CD4+: helper and memory CD8+: suppressor and cytotoxic |
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Term
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Definition
< 800 CD4+/deciliter - suspected pos Ab titer for HIV-AB = HIV + <200 CD4+/deciliter - AIDS |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
compare presented Ag to MHC produce cytokines |
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Term
| what connects T cells, B cells, and non specific phagocytes? |
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Definition
| cytokines and complement proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| immortal B cell cancer cell lines that produce a single Ab |
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Term
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Definition
MBL associated serine protease |
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Term
| what generally causes activation of the alternative complement pathway? |
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Definition
| exposure to gr+teichoic acids or gr- polysacharides |
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Term
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Definition
aka immune adherence - when C3b binds surface of MO and interacts w receptors of phagocytes to promote phagocytosis |
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