Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Medieval
Art History
113
Art History
Undergraduate 2
05/08/2011

Additional Art History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

[image]

Definition

Old St. Peter's 

 

320 AD

 

Early Christian

 

Longitudinally planned church

Term
Nave
Definition
Center aisle
Term
Aisles
Definition
On the outside of the pews
Term
Apse
Definition
Rounded end of the church
Term
Transept
Definition
Arms of the church. Near the apse, where the choir and clergy would be
Term
Crossing
Definition
Where the transept and the nave cross; where the alter would be
Term
Narthex
Definition
Where you enter the church
Term
Atrium
Definition
Courtyard in front of the church
Term
[image]
Definition
Apse
Term

[image]

 

Definition
Transept
Term
[image]
Definition
Crossing
Term
[image]
Definition
Nave
Term
[image]
Definition
Aisles
Term
[image]
Definition
Narthex
Term
[image]
Definition
Atrium
Term

 

[image]

Definition

Interior of the Santa Costanza, Rome

 

350 AD

 

Early Christian

 

-Martyrium

 

 

Term
Martyr
Definition
one who dies for their cause
Term
Martyrium
Definition
Church built for a martyr
Term
Constantinople and Byzantium
Definition
-There was a plague of malaria in Italy at that time, so Constantine moved the capital to Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople
Term

 

[image]

Definition

Hagia Sophia


Architects: Anthemius and Isidorus

532 AD

            -Commissioned by Justinian


            -Centrally and longitudinally planned church; was meant to show cohesion among the church, with had split into the Catholic (West) and Greek Orthodox (East) churches. Catholics preferred longitudinally planned ones and the Greek Orthodox preferred centrally planned churches


            -Has two smaller domes to act as buttresses and support the large dome


            -Dome is pierced with small windows to help transfer weight to the ribs running down the dome; also relieves some of the weight


            -Byzantines used cut glass for their mosaics and gold for the backgrounds; using gold and glass increased the amount of light in the interior of the church

Term
Pendentives
Definition
Four arches make a square and fill in the middle so a dome can sit on top. Pendentives are the triangle portions between the arches.
Term

 

[image]

Definition

Martyrium of San Vitale


Byzantine


-Centrally planned church; octogan  

-Justinian and Theodora: mosaics on either side of the apse

                        -Theodora was essentially a stripper


                        -Justinian holds the basket for the communion bread and Theodora held the chalice for the wine


                        -Neither of them had ever actually been to this church


                        -Was not acceptable to have contemporary figures in church artwork, so they included the bishop to get him to allow it


            Bishop Maximianus: was further forward than Justinian in the mosaic, which was a great honor

 

Term
Bishop Maximianus
Definition
Was further forward than Justinian in the mosaic at San Vitale, which was a great honor. He had been included in the mosaic as a bribe to allow Justinian and Theodora to be in it, as it wasn't considered acceptable for non-religious figures to be in church mosaics.
Term
Pontacrator
Definition
"Christ is ruler of all"
Term

 

[image]

Definition

Pontacrator, Cathedral at Monreale, Italy


Byzantine


1180 AD 

 

-Byzantines often used gold in the background of their images

Term

 

[image]

Definition

Virgin and Child Icon


Artist: Theotokos


11th Century


Byzantine

Term
Icon
Definition
Image of a holy individual; was used as a focal point of prayer; often had gold paint
Term
Iconoclasm
Definition
Destruction of religious images
Term

Sutton Hoo

Definition
Site of a ship burial; was used as a huge coffin, the owner was buried in it with his belongings
Term

 

[image]

Definition

Purse cover from Sutton Hoo, ship burial in Suffolk, England


625 AD


Early Medieval Europe


-Has cloisonee, animal style and interlacing

Term
Cloisonné
Definition
Taking a solid metal background and thin strips of gold and stand them on the background and  soldering them to it, then filling the in between areas with precious stones or glass
Term
Animal Style
Definition
Has animals in it
Term
Interlacing
Definition
Strands woven into each other
Term

 

[image]

Definition

Chi-rho-iota page, Book of Kells, Scotland


Late 8th Century


Early Medieval European


-Book of Kells is considered the most valuable object in the world; doesn’t have a set monetary value


            -Monasteries were self-sustaining; they produced the paper and pigment from the materials available around the monastery 

Term
Illuminated Manuscripts
Definition
Manuscripts that have been painted
Term
Codex
Definition
Book bound on one side
Term
Folio
Definition

Individual pages of the codex

Term
Recto
Definition
Front or right side of a page
Term
Verso
Definition
Back or left side of the page
Term
Vellum and Parchment
Definition
Animal skin used for paper 
Term
Four Evangelists
Definition
Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John
Term

Matthew's Symbol

 

Definition
Angel
Term
Mark's Symbol
Definition
Lion
Term
Luke's Symbol
Definition
Ox
Term
John's Symbol
Definition
Eagle
Term
Charlemagne
Definition

"Charles the Great"

 

 

First Holy Roman Emperor; crowned by the Pope.

            Ruled modern France, Germany, and Gaul 

 

Term

 

[image]

Definition

Equestrian portrait of Charlemagne


Medieval Europe - Carolingian 

Term

 

[image]

Definition

Palatine Chapel of Charlemagne


790 AD


Medieval Europe - Carolingian


-Centrally-planned


            -Multi-colored stone arches; inspired by arches in Spain


            -Charlemagne worshipped on a throne on the second level while his family worshipped on the bottom level; makes him the intermediary between God and his people

Term

 

[image]

Definition

Saint Michael’s at Hildesheim


1000 AD


Medieval Europe - Ottonian


-Longitudinally planned church

            -Was badly damaged during WWII

            -Has second transept at the Western end

Term
Nave Arcade
Definition
Row of arches along a nave
Term

 

[image]

Definition

Otto II enthroned, Gospel Book of Otto III

 

Medieval Europe - Ottonian

 


Term

 

[image]

Definition

Doors of Saint Michael's

 

1000 AD

 

Medieval Europe - Ottonian

 

-Doors that led into the monastery


            -Illustrate the fall and salvation of man; stories of Adam and Eve, Cain and Abel


            -Fall of man in Genesis on left side; life of Christ on the right side

                        

Term
Regaining God's favor
Definition

Prior to 1000, everyone thought the world was going to end at the turn of the millenium. When it didn’t they thought God didn’t want them and decided they had lost their faith and the Holy Land; they began going on pilgrimages and crusades to regain God’s favor

Term
Pilgrimage
Definition

If you were a woman, old, or too poor to go on a Crusade, you could go on a pilgrimage. The length you went depended on how far you went or how many you took.


You could go to the Holy Land, which was a dangerous trip, Rome, Pisa, Santiago de Compostela, which was the most popular

Term
Crusades
Definition

Religous war/trip. You had to be a wealthy, adult man to go on a Crusade, because you had to pay for everything.

 


Term

 

[image]

Definition

Head Reliquary of Saint Alexander


1145 BC


Medieval Europe - Romanesque



Term
Relics
Definition
Physical remains of a holy individual; bones, hair, fingernails, etc.
Term
Relics of the Passion
Definition
Pieces that were used in the torture and death of Christ; crown of thorns, nails, cross, spear, Shroud of Turin, etc.
Term
Reliquary
Definition
Container for relics
Term

 

[image]

Definition

 Saint-Sernin, France


1070 AD


Medieval Europen - Romanesque


-Has radiating chapels

Term
Radiating Chapels
Definition
Chapels around the apse that were rented out to families to provide revenue for the church
Term
7 Elements of a Romanesque Church
Definition

1. Overall blockiness

 

2. Grouping of large simple geometric masses

 

3. Modular Plan

 

4. Exterior Reflects interior

 

5. Barrel and groin vaults and rib vaulting

 

6. Rounded arches

 

7. Increase in verticality

Term

Romanesque Church:

 

Overall blockiness

Definition

Heavy and blocky; scares people into being good

 

  Because of the blockiness, the space becomes very divided and modular. Heaviness blocks sight of other portions of the building; like the aisle or apse.

Term

Romanesque Church:

 

Grouping of large simple geometric masses


Definition
Small windows grouped together
Term

Romanesque Church:

 

Exterior reflects interior

Definition
You can look at the outside and tell how many side aisles it has and where all the elements of the interior are
Term

Romanesque Church:

 

Barrel and groin vaults and rib vaulting

Definition
Rib vaults: Add support; look like ribs. They channeled weight down to the piers (columns)
Term

Romanesque Church:

 

Increase in verticality

Definition

Use of long, vertical rectangles to make the building look even taller than it is

Term
Romanesque Churches
Definition

-Most Romanesque churches have 2 floors: nave arcade and second-floor gallery


-Romanesque: dark and scary


-Gothic: light and airy

Term

 

[image]

Definition

West Façade of Saint-Étienne


1067 AD


Medieval Europe - Romanesque

 

-Was built by William the Conquerer to celebrate the conquering of England


-Interior has rib-vaulting covering groin vaults and a third floor

 

Term
William the Conquerer
Definition
Duke of Normandy who conquered England in 1066; built Saint-Étienne to celebrate
Term
Normandy and England
Definition
Battle of Hastings
Term
[image]
Definition

Tympanum

 

 

-Often had Last Judgement scenes

Term
[image]
Definition

Trumeau

 

 

 

-Column that took the weight off of the lintel, instead of a relieving triangle

Term
[image]
Definition

Voussoirs

 

 

-Individual portions of the archivolts

Term
[image]
Definition

Archivolts

 

 

-Curved arches over the doors

Term
[image]
Definition

Lintel

 

 

 

-Post across the jambs

Term
[image]
Definition

Jambs

 

 

-Vertical posts holding up the lintel

Term

 

[image]

Definition

Lions and Old Testament prophet


1115 AD


Romanesque

 

-Carved with female lions in an interlacing pattern

           

            -Has figure of either Isaiah or David; is extremely flat, feet are curved along wall 

Term

 

[image]

Definition

 Last Judgment west tympanum of Saint-Lazare


1120 AD


Romanesque


Tympanum has Last Judgment scene; damned on the right (Christ’s left); shows people being taken out of their graves and brought to the next life to have their souls weighed


            -Puppet-like figures

Term

 

[image]

Definition

Saint-Denis, Paris


1140 AD


Gothic - France


Abbot Suger: Builder of Saint-Denis; he had the money for it because it was the burial place for the kings of France, so he could get money from the Royal House to build it


-Pointed arches

Term
Abbot Suger
Definition
Builder of Saint-Denis; he had the money for it because it was the burial place for the kings of France, so he could get money from the Royal House to build it
Term
Pointed Arches
Definition
Automatically made the building taller; allow better channeling of weight away from the piers, enabling building of windows
Term

 

[image]

Definition

Chartres Cathedral, Chartes, France


1134 AD


Gothic - France

 


Term
Cathedral vs. Church or Abbey Church
Definition
Cathedral are the seat of the Bishop; all cathedrals are churches, but not all churches are cathedral. Whether or nor it’s a cathedral only depends on whether it’s the seat of the Bishop or not.
Term

 

[image]

Definition

Virgin and Child with Angels, Chartes


1135 AD


Gothic - France

 


 


Term

 

[image]

Definition

Rose Window, Chartes

 

1135 AD

 

Gothic - France


First rose window; rose was symbolic of Mary; has much of its original stained glass, which was hidden during the revolution and brought back after

Term
Fleurs-de-lis
Definition
Gold ones on a blue background mean that it was commissioned by the royal house of France
Term
Pinnacle
Definition
Pointed spikes on the top of the building
Term
Vaulting Web
Definition
Area between the ribs
Term
Diagonal Rib
Definition
Two outside ribs; “outside toes”
Term
Transverse Rib
Definition
Middle toe”
Term
Springing
Definition

Point from which the arched, curved part begins

Term
Clerestory
Definition
Top level of the church
Term
Oculus
Definition
Circular windows in the clerestory wall
Term
Lancet
Definition
Long, skinny windows below the oculus, in the clerestory
Term
Triforium
Definition
Level below the clerestory; second floor in a third-floor church
Term
Compound pier with Shafts
Definition
Multiple collonettes around a central pier
Term
Gothic Cathedral
Definition

 

-Pinnacle

            -Flying Buttresses

            -Vaulting Web

            -Diagonal Rib

            -Transverse Rib

            -Springing

            -Clerestory

            -Oculus

            -Lancet

            -Triforium

            - Nave Arcade

  -Compound Pier with Shafts 

            -You can see the bones

            -Can’t see the chapels from the outside

 

Term

 

[image]

Definition

Amiens Cathedral

 

1220 AD

 

Architects: Robert de Luzarches, Thomas Cormont, Renaud, Cormont

 

French Gothic

Term

 

 

 

[image]

 

 

 

[image]

Definition

Sainte Chapelle, Paris


1245 AD


French Gothic


-Was built to hold the relics of the Passion, especially the crown of thorns


-Financed by Louis IX

 


Term

 

[image]

Definition

Saint Chapelle, interior

 

-Had second level for Louis IX to worship on, while others worshipped on the bottom level

Term

 

[image]

Definition

Old Testament Kings and Queens, Jamb figures of west façade of Chartres Cathedral


1135 AD


French Gothic


-Old Testament Kings and Queens are on the jambs and foretell the story of Christ; the story of Christ is on the tympanum, so the jambs also act as a metaphor for the Old Testament Kings and Queens being the predecessors of Christ


            -Similar to caryatids; but they don’t completely take the place of the column

 

 

-Mary and Christ, Christ in Glory, and Christ’s Ascension are depicted in the three typanums

 

           

Term
Gothic Sculpture
Definition

 -Figures are more life-like and less like puppets         

 

            -More of a focus on Christ’s life, rather than his Divinity

 

            -Interact with each other, rather than looking at the audience

 

            -Contrapposto

Term

 

[image]

Definition

Saints Martin, Jerome, and Gregory, Jamb Figures Porch of the Confessors, Chartes


1220 AD


French Gothic


-Figures are much more realistic; actually have something to stand on


 


Term

 

[image]

Definition

Saint Theodore, Jamb figure, Porch of the Martyrs, Chartes


1230 AD


French Gothic


            -In same place as the the three Saints, but was sculpted later than they were


            -Has more muscle tone, better depicted cloth drapery, and contrapposto than the other saints 

Term

 

[image]

Definition

Annunciation & Visitation, Reims Cathedral


French Gothic


-Show the Annunciation; Gabriel coming to Mary and telling him that she will bear the son of God, and Visitation; Mary visiting cousin Elisabeth, who was pregnant with John the Baptist

Term

 

[image]

Definition

Virgin of Paris


Early 14th Century


French Gothic


-Very tall and elegant, more realistic

Term
English Gothic
Definition

-In park-like rural settings, rather than urban settings, like in France

            -Colored stones

            -Tall, single spire

            -Façade is more ornate than the rest of the building

            -More horizontality

            -Accentuated transepts and second ones

-Fan vaults

Term
Fan Vaults
Definition
Façade to add decoration, actual rib groin vaulting is underneath
Term

 

What type of church is this?

 

[image]

[image]

[image]

Definition
English Gothic
Supporting users have an ad free experience!