Term
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Definition
A Drug is any chemical that can react with biological systems and produce a biological response.
(Cocaine, Caffeine, Aspirin, even Water) |
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Term
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Definition
-All life is made up of cells
-All cells are made up of chemical components
-Cells are chemical factories, with innumerable chemical reactions taking place
-When a new chemical is introduced to a cellular system, it will have an effect!
CHALLENGE - Having the Desired Effect |
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Term
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Definition
Good Drug - Cures diseases
Bad Drug - Causes unwanted effects
*THE REALITY*
All drugs have unwanted side effects, no such thing as a perfect drug
ZERO drugs without unwanted side effects
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Term
DRUG CLASSIFICATION
Pharmological Effect |
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Definition
Drugs are classified by their desired outcome and effect
-Many drugs have more uses than one (many different purposes)
Classification Examples - analgesics, antipsychotics, antibacterials, antibiotics |
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Drug Classification
Chemical Structure
Structures to Know: Penicillins, Opiates, Barbiturates, Steroids
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Definition
Compounds with a common skeleton
Why is this useful? - compounds of similar structures have similar activities (SAR)
**Different Structures have different biological actions**
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Term
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Definition
| Science that deals with the discovery and design of new chemicals and their development into useful medicines |
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Various Fields of Study in Medicinal Chemistry |
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Definition
-Computational Chemistry
-Synthesis of New Compounds
-SAR Investigation
-Understanding Interactions of chemical w/ receptors like DNA, enzymes, etc.
-Absorption, transport, distribution properties
-Metabolism or Breakdown
-Toxicology |
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Benefits of Modern Drug Development |
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Definition
-Life threatening diseases have become minor health problems (polio, small pox, TB, gastric ulcers)
-Life Expectancy has increased
-Improvement in Quality of Life
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Consequences of Drug Development |
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Definition
-Overuse of Antibiotics -> Bacterial Resistance
-A more healthy elderly population, leading to more diseases of the elderly
Ex/ Cancer, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases (Alsheimers), and degenerative diseases |
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Term
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Definition
usually located in the cell membrane; trigger responses on the outside of the cell and relay signals to the inside of the cell. Receptors are also capable of linking to enzymes, causing a chemically reactive response |
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Definition
A protein that can be bound to a membrane or free floating within a cell; facilitate chemical change when bound to a substrate; catylyst |
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Definition
Has affinity for a receptor and produces a bioresponse |
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Definition
Has an affinity to a receptor and doesn't produce a bioresponse, meaning it has no intrinsic activity |
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Term
DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT
(DD&D)
STEP 1 |
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Definition
Choose A Disease!
-Needs to be one that needs new and improved drugs
-Marketing decision; most market to a first world disease such as migraines, cardiovascular diseases, ulcers, cancer, flu, depression, or obesity
-Third World diseases bring life expectancy to 40 years of age and below are usually ignored, however treatments for malaryia are now being developed for treatment and evaluated |
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Term
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Definition
Choose a Drug Target!
-The reference sequence for the human genome has been revealed and therefore there are more options for targets than compounds to interact with them.
-Now trial and miss with selected targets while utilizing the components of a known drug, or a known drug in it's entirety, instead of developing new drugs and trial and missing aimlessly |
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