Term
| Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody against which antigen? |
|
Definition
| CD20 (autoimmune disease, B lymphocyte lymphoma) |
|
|
Term
Omalizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against which antigen?
Is total IgE and free IgE increased or decreased?
What is the range of total IgE when Omalizumab can be used? |
|
Definition
FcepsilonRI ( cepsilon3 constant region) (asthma)
IgG1 molecule with 95% human and 5% murine sequence
Increased total IgE, decreased free IgE
30-700 |
|
|
Term
| What medications block calcineurin? |
|
Definition
| Cyclosporin and FK-506(tacrolimus) |
|
|
Term
Imiquimod is an agonist to which TLR?
Resiquimod? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Imatinib targets which receptor? |
|
Definition
| Kit (receptor for stem cell factor which is growth factor of mast cells) |
|
|
Term
| What is used for treatment of anaphylaxis for patients on beta-adrenergic blockade? |
|
Definition
| Atropine (for bradycardia), glucagon (for inotropic and chronotropic effects) |
|
|
Term
| OKT3 is a monoclonal antibody against which antigen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Binding of what receptor is the proposed mechanism of IVIG? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nomenclature is used for monoclonal antibodies of mouse, chimera, humanized and human type? |
|
Definition
| -omab, -ximab (murine variable, human constant), -zumab (murine hypervariable, human IgG molecule), -umab (human variable cloned into bacteriophage) |
|
|
Term
| Adalimumab is a monoclonal antibody against which antigen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Efalizumab is a monoclonal antibody against which antigen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Palivizumab is a monoclonal antibody against which antigen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Keliximab is a monoclonal antibody against which antigen?
Daclizumab?
Natalizumab?
Abciximab? |
|
Definition
CD4 (MS)
Renal allograft rejection
MS
Cardiac ischemic complications |
|
|
Term
When is theophyline used?
What is the mechanism of action? |
|
Definition
Alternative for <5 yo not well controlled with low-dose inhaled corticosteroid, COPD
Inhibits phosphodiesterase resulting in elevated cAMP |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action of antihistamines? |
|
Definition
| inverse agonists (stabilize the receptor in the inactive form) |
|
|
Term
Describe desensitization of beta2-receptors?
Tachyphylaxis? |
|
Definition
Decrease in duration of bronchodilation, occurs over days to weeks
ephedrine displaces norepinephrin, rapid |
|
|
Term
What B-blockers are nonselective?
What B-blockers are cardioselective (B1>B2)?
What is contraindicated with b-blockers? |
|
Definition
Propranolol, timolol, pindolol, nadolol, labetalol
metoprolol, atenolol
IT |
|
|
Term
What receptor does montelukast, pranlukast and zafirlukast block?
What receptors do zileuton block? |
|
Definition
cys-LT1 receptor (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4)
Both LTB4 and cys-LTs |
|
|
Term
| What should be monitored when using zileuton? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What bronchial challenges are prevented by mast cell stabilizers (cromolyn)?
What challenges are not prevented? |
|
Definition
exercise, air, adenosine, saline, mannitol
methacholine, histamine |
|
|
Term
| What subset of patients is benefited by ipratropium? |
|
Definition
| COPD (bronchodilation equal to b-agonists) |
|
|
Term
What is the order of relative binding affinity for inhaled corticosteroids?
relative potency? |
|
Definition
Mometasone>fluticasone>budesonide>triamcinolone
Mometasone=fluticasone>budesonide=beclomethasone>triamcinolone |
|
|
Term
| What is receptor is over expressed in steroid resistance? |
|
Definition
| glucocorticoid receptor beta |
|
|
Term
What is the molecular target of alemtuzumab? Indications?
Cetuximab?
Eculizumab?
Efalizumab?
Palivizumab?
Abatacept?
Alefacept? |
|
Definition
CD25 (chronic B-lymphocyte leukemia)
EGF (epidermal growth factor) (Colorectal CA, Head/neck CA)
C5 (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria)
CD11a (subunit of LFA-1) (Plaque psoriasis)
RSV fusion protein (prevention of RSV)
B7 (RA, JRA)
CD2 (plaque psoriasis) |
|
|
Term
What is the mechanism of action of methotrexate?
Azathioprine?
Mycophenolate mofetil?
Cyclosporine A?
Tacrolimus/Pimecrolimus? |
|
Definition
inhibits cell replication
inhibits purine nucleotide synthesis and metabolism
affects purine nucleotide synthesis and metabolism
inhibits helper T cell function
calcineurin inhibitors (inhibit NFAT which decreases IL-2) |
|
|
Term
What is the standard dose of IVIG?
IVIG for Kawasaki and various neurologic diseases?
subcutaneous Ig? |
|
Definition
400-600 mg/kg every 3-4 weeks
2 g/kg every 3-4 weeks
100 mg/kg every week |
|
|
Term
| What are the immunomodulatory effects of Ig replacement? |
|
Definition
| Fc receptor blockade (ADCC inhibited by FcgammaRIII on NK cells, antibody production inhibited by FcgammaRIIb on B cells), neutralizes superantigen/toxins/autoantibodies, inhibits cytokines, inhibits complement, inhibits fas-mediated apotheosis on keratinocytes (in TEN) |
|
|
Term
| What precautions should be taken with IVIG? |
|
Definition
| Avoid live vaccines for several months, use low IgA products in patient with low IgA levels |
|
|
Term
What are the indications of IFN-alpha?
IFN-beta?
IFN-gamma?
IL-2?
IL-11?
GM-CSF?
Epoetin/Darbepoetin? |
|
Definition
IFN-a - Hep B/C, hairy cell leukemia, CML, HPV
IFN-b - Relapsing MS
IFN-g - CGD, malignant osteopetrosis
IL-2 - renal cell carcinoma, melanoma
IL-11 - chemo-induced thrombocytopenia
GM-CSF - AML, bone marrow/stem cell transplant, neutropenia
Epoetin/Darbepoetin - anemia from chronic renal failure, HIV, chemo, primary bone marrow disorders |
|
|
Term
What are the indications for TNF-alpha?
What are examples and what do they bind?
What precautions should be made? |
|
Definition
RA, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis
Infliximab (TNF-alpha), Etanercept (TNF-alpha and TNF-beta), Adalimumab (TNF-alpha), Cerolizumab, Golimumab
Risk of reactivation of TB, development of autoantibiodies, increased LFTs, live vaccines not recommended |
|
|
Term
Name the mechanisms of these drugs
Anakinra
Rilonacept
Basiliximab
Daclizumab
Toclizumab |
|
Definition
Recombinant IL-1Ra
IL-1 Trap
Chimeric IL-2Ra
Humanized IL-2Ra
Humanized IL-6Ra |
|
|
Term
What do these nomenclatures for monoclonal antibodies mean?
omab
ximab
zumab
umab
cept |
|
Definition
murine
chimeric human/mouse
humanized
fully human
fusion of a receptor to the Fc part of human IgG1 |
|
|
Term
What medication inhibits COX-2 expression?
What medications are tolerated by aspirin hypersensitivity pt?
What prostaglandin is mast cell derived in response to IgE mediated reactions? |
|
Definition
Glucocorticoids
Acetaminophen and COX-2 inhibitors
PGD2 |
|
|
Term
| What percent of asthmatics have AERD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In aspirin sensitivity which direction do these mediators change?
cyt-LT1
LTD4
urine LTE4
PGE2 |
|
Definition
Increased
Increased
Increased
Decreased |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of tar skin preparations? |
|
Definition
| photosensitivity, pustular folliculitis |
|
|
Term
| What is a complication of gene therapy in X-linked SCID? |
|
Definition
| ALL from transgene insertion into LMO2 gene |
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