Adrenalin

Generic Name: epinephrine

Classification: Adrenergics 

Action: causes vasoconstriction resulting in reduced blood flow

Indication: superficial bleeding prolongs the effect of local anesthetics

Surgical Use: topical hemostasis to local anesthesia to prolong effect

 Neosynephrine

Generic Name: phenylephrine hydrochloride

Classification: Adrenergics

Action: Stimulates alpha adrenergic receptors, causing vasoconstriction

Indication: Shrink mucous membranes before nasal surgery; treat malignant hypotension; pupil dilation before cataract surgery

Surgical Use: Treatment of spinal-anesthesia induced hypotension; shrinks nasal mucous membranes

Codeine

Generic Name: codeine sulfate

Classification: Anagesics

Action: Binds with opiate receptors in the CNS to decrease pain perception; Class II controlled substance

Indication: Mild to Moderate pain

Surgical Use: Nor commonly used in the OR setting, post-op pain management

Sublimaze

Generic Name: fentanyl citrate 

Classification: Analgesic

Action: Binds with opiate receptors in the CNS to decrease pain perceptors; Class II controlled substance

Indication: Moderate to severe pain

Surgical Use: Adjunct to general or regional anesthesia( used in pain pump)

Demrol

Generic Name: meperidine hydrochlorice

Classification: Analgesics

Action: Binds with opiate receptors in the CNS to decrease pain perception; Class II controlled substance

Indication: moderate to severe pain

Surigical Use: Adjunct to general or regional anethesia

Morphine

Generic name: morphine sulfate

Classification: Analgesics

Action:Binds with opiate receptors in the CNS to decrease pain perception; Class II controlled substance

Indication: Severe pain

Surgical Use: Adjunct to general or regional anethesia (used in a pain pump)

Asprin

generic name: acetylsailcylic acid

Classification: Analgesic antipyretic agent

Action: blocks prostaglandin synthesis to relieve pain; affects the thermoregulatory center of the hypothalamus to reduce tempature; impedes clotting

Indication: mild pain or fever; prevents thrombosis(blood clotting)

Surical Use: Not commonly used in the OR setting; patient use may have increased bleeding/oozing during surgery

 Tylenol

generic name: acteaminophen 

Classification: Analgesic antipyretic agent

Action: thought to block prostaglandin synthesis to relieve pain; affects the thermoregulatory center of the hypothalamus to reduce tempature

Indication: mild pain or fever

Surgical USe: Not commonly used in OR setting

 Advil

Generic name: ibuprofen

Classification:Analgesic antipyretic agent

Action: thought to prostaglandin synthesis to relieve pain; anti-inflammatory

Indication: Mild to moderate pain

Surgical Use: Not commonly used in the OR

 Naprosyn

Generic name: naproxen sodium

Classification:Analgesic antipyretic agent

Action: thought to prostaglandin synthesis to relieve pain; anti-inflammatory

Indication: mild to moderate pain

Surical Use: Not commonly used in the OR

 Toradol

Generic name: ketorolac tromethamine 

Classification:Analgesic antipyretic agent

Action: thought to prostaglandin synthesis to relieve pain; anti-inflammatory

Indication: short-term moderatelt severe pain management

Surgical use: post-operative pain management

 Versed

Generic name: midazolam hydrochloride

Classification: Antianxiety

Action:Depresses CNS by potentiating the effects of GABA

Indication: Sedation; reduce anxiety related to surgery

Surical Use: Pre-and intra-operative sedation

Valium

Generic name: diazepam 

Classification: Antianxiety

Action:Depresses CNS by potentiating the effects of GABA

Indication: Sedation; reduce anxiety related to surgery

Surical Use: Pre-and intra-operative sedation

Ativan

generic name: lorazepam

Classification: Antianxiety

Action:Depresses CNS by potentiating the effects of GABA

Indication: Sedation; reduce anxiety related to surgery

Surical Use: not frequently used in the OR setting

Xylocaine; Lignocaine

Generic name: lidocaine hydrochloride

Classification: Anti-arrhythmics

Action:decreases depolarization and excitement of the Purkinjie fibers of the heart

Indication: ventricular arrhythmias

Surgical use: emergency medication used during cardiac arrest or ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation

 Pronestyl

Generic name: procainamide hydrochloride

Classification: Anti-arryhthmics

Action: decreases excitability and conduction velocity in the heart conduction pathway

Indication: ventricular arryhthmias

Surgical use: emergency medication used during cardiac arrest or ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation

Garamycin

Generic name: gentamycin sulfate

Classification: Antibiotic-Aminoglycosides

Action: inhibits protein synthesis causing cell death-bacteriocidal

Indication: treatment of infection cause by GI microbes

Surgical Use:Preop prophylaxis for bowel or GU surgery; endocarditis prophylaxis

  Neosulf

Generic name: neomycin sulfate

Classification: Antibiotic-Aminoglycosides

Action: inhibits protein synthesis causing cell death-bacteriocidal

Indication: treatment of infection caused by GI microbes

Surgical Use:Preop prophylaxis for bowel or GU surgery; endocarditis prophylaxis

 Penicillin G

Classification: Antibiotic-Penicillian

Action: Inhibits cell wall synthesis during multiplication

Indication: moderate to severe infection

Surgical Use: Sepsis

 Ampicin

generic name: Ampicillian

Classification: Antibiotic-Penicillians

Action: Inhibits cell wall synthesis during multiplication

Indication: treatment of infection of the respiratory tract, skin and menigitis

Surical use: sepsis; not commonlu used in OR setting

 Ancef, Kefzol

generic name: cefazolin sodium

Classification: Antibiotic-Cephalosporins

Action: 1st generation cephalosporin; inhibits cell wall synthesis

Indication: treatment of infection of respiratory, biliary, and GU tracts, skin, soft tissue, bone/joint infection, septicemia

Surgical Use: Surgical prophylaxis; spesis

 Keflex

generic name: Cephalexin monohydrate

Classification: Antibiotic-Cephalosporins

Action: 1st generation cephalosporin; inhibits cell wall synthesis

Indication: treatment of infection of respiratory, biliary, and GU tracts, skin, soft tissue, bone/joint infection, septicemia

Surgical Use: Surgical prophylaxis; spesis

Flagyl

generic name: metronidazole

Classification: antibiotic-amebicides/antiprotozoals

Action: enters cells, inhibiting synthesis; causing cell death

Indication: bacterial infections caused by anaerobic microbes

Surgical use: prevents infection from GI microbes

Bacitracin

generic name: bacitracin

Classification: Antibiotic

Action: hinder cell wall synthesis; damaging the cell

Indication: Staphylococcus infections

Surgical Use: prophylatic orthopedic/GU irrigation

 Neosporin

generic name: neomycin, polymcin, bacitracin

Classification: Antibiotic

Action: hinder cell wall synthesis; damaging the cell

Indication: Staphylococcus infections

Surgical Use: topical ointment to prevent post-op wound infection

 Cortisporin

generic name: neomycin, polymixin, hydrocortisone

Classification: Antibiotic

Action: hinder cell wall synthesis; damaging the cell

Indication: Staphylococcus infections

Surgical Use: antibiotic and steroid to prevent infection and reduce inflammation

 Vancocine

generic name: vancomycin hydrochloride

Classification: Antibiotic

Action: hinders cell wall synthesis and inhibits RNA synthesis

Indication: severe infections, methacillian-resistant infections

Surgical Use: severe infections, methacillian-resistant infections

 Cipro

generic name: ciprofloxacin

Classification: Antibiotic-fluoroquinolones

Action: inhibits DNA synthesis; bacteriocidal

Indication: Urinary tract infections; respiratory and skin infections; joint/bone infections

Surgical Use: Severe orthopedic or abdominal infections; sinusitis

 Silvadene

generic name: silver sulfadiazine 

Classification: Antibiotic-Sulfmamides

Action: acts on the cell wall and cell membrane to kill gram-positive and gram-negative microbes

Indication: prevents infections in open burns

Surgical Use: treatment for skin burns

  Heparin

generic name: heparin sodium

Classification: anticoagulant

Action: prevents conversion of prothrombin into thrombim, prevent clot formation

Indication: treatment/prevention of DVT, thrombosis, pulmonary embolism

Surgical Use: prevent blood clot formation during vascular procedures or during placement of intravascular devices

Coumadin

Generic Name: warfarin

Classification: anticoagulant

Action: prohibits vitamin-K dependent activation of clotting factors made in the liver

Indication: long-term treatment/ prevention of DVT, thrombosis, pulmonary embolus

Surgical Use: not commonly used in the OR setting; pre-op use can lead to significant bleeding intraoperatively

Protamine Sulfate

Generic Name: protamine sulfate

Classifications: Anticoagulant antogonist

Action: an anticoagulant by itself; binds with heparin to inactivate heparin's effect

Indication: heparin reversal

Surgical Use: reverses the effect of heparin sodium

Benadryl

Generic Name: diphenhydramine

Classification: Antihistamine

Action: competes with histamine for receptor sites

Indication: hypersensitivity reaction

Surical Use: Not commonly used in the OR

Ventolin

Generic Name: albuterol

Classification: bronchodilators

Action: relaxes broncial, uterine, and vascular smooth muscles

Indication: bronchospasm; asthma

Surgical Use: acute bronchospasm

Lanoxin

Generic Name: digoxin

Classification: cardiac agent

Action: strengthens cardiac contractions

Indication: heart failyre. superventricular tachycardia, artial fibrillation

Surgical Use: emergency medication used during cardiac arrest or heart failure

AquaMephylon

Generic Name: Vitamin-K

Classification: coagulant

Action: increases the synthesis of prothrombin in the liver to promote clot formation

Indication: hypoprothrominemia

Surgical Use: promotes clot formation following T&A

Cystografin

Generic Name: diatrizoate meglumine

Classification: contrast media

Action: block full penetration of ionizing radiation (X-ray, fluoroscopy)

Indication: outline hollow structures for visualization during radiologic examination

Surgical Use: outline structures during biliary or urniary surgical intervention

Hypaque

Generic Name: diatrizoate sodium, hypaque meglumine

Classification: contrast media

Action: block full penetration of ionizing radiation (X-ray, fluoroscopy)

Indication: outline hollow structures for visualization during radiologic examination

Surgical Use: outline structures during biliary or urniary surgical intervention

Renografin

Generic Name: diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium

Classification: contrast media

Action: block full penetration of ionizing radiation (X-ray, fluoroscopy)

Indication: outline hollow structures for visualization during radiologic examination

Surgical Use: outline structures during biliary or urniary surgical intervention

Conray

Generic Name: megulmine

Classification: contrast media

Action: block full penetration of ionizing radiation (X-ray, fluoroscopy)

Indication: outline hollow structures for visualization during radiologic examination

Surgical Use: outline structures during biliary or urniary surgical intervention

Barium

Generic Name: barium sulfate

Classification: contrast media

Action: block full penetration of ionizing radiation (X-ray, fluoroscopy)

Indication: outline hollow structures for visualization during radiologic examination

Surgical Use: outline structures during biliary or urniary surgical intervention

Isovue

Generic Name: iopamidol

Classification: contrast media

Action: block full penetration of ionizing radiation (X-ray, fluoroscopy)

Indication: outline hollow structures for visualization during radiologic examination

Surgical Use: outline structures during biliary or urniary surgical intervention

nitroglycerine

Classification: coronary artery dilator

Action: decreases cardiac preload and systemic vascular resistance; increases coronary artery blood flow

Indication: myocardial ischemia; angina pectoris

Surgical Use: hypertension and heart failure due to myocardial infarction

Lasix

Gerenic Name: flurosemide

Classification: diurectics

Action: loop diuretic that prevents reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidney

Indication: pulmonary edema, hypertension

Surigical Use: maintain rinary output intraoperatively; fluid overload

Osmitrol

Generic Name: mannitol

Classification: diurectic

Action: osmotic diurectic that inhibits reabsorption of water and electrolytes

Indication: generalized edema, oligouria; impaired renal function

Srgical Use: decrease intracranial pressre (ICP), intraocular pressure (IOP), or generalized fluid retention/edema

indigo carmine

Classification: Dye

Action: leaves a visible tract by staining an area of tissue

Indication: skin marking, tatooing, following a tract

Srigcal Use: stains tissue

methylene blue

Classification: dye

Action: leaves a visible tract by staining an area of tissue

Indication: skin marking, tatooing, following a tract

Surical Use: stains tissue, mild GU antiseptic

Gelfoam, Gelfilm

Generic Name: absorbable gelatin sponges

Classification: hemostatic agent

Action: serves as a mechanical plug over open vessels to promote clot formation

Surgical Use: topical hemostatis

Avitene

Generic Name: microfibrillar collagen

Classification: hemostatic agent

Action: attracts platelets promotting clot formation

Surgical Use: topical hemostasis

Oxycel, Surgicel

Generic Name: oxidized cellulose

Classification: hemostatic agent

Action: swells to become a gelatinous mass that stimulates clotting

Surgical Use: topical hemostasis

Thrombinar

Generic Name: thrombin

Classification: hemostatic agent

Action: speeds the conversion of fibrogen to fibrin to promote clot formation

Surgical Use: topical hemostasis 

insulin

Classification: hormones

Action: control glucose movement into cells

Indication: regulate blood glucose levels; pancreatic insulin insufficiency

Surgical Use: management of intraoperative blood glucose levels

Depo-Provera

Generic Name: medroxyprogetersone acetate

Classification: hormone

Action: suppress ovulation and follicular maturation; decreases endometrial proliferation

Indication: menorrhea, menorrhagia, endometriosis

Surgical Use: control abnormal uterine bleeding

Dantrium

Generic Name: dantrolene sodium

Classification: MH antagonist

Action: interferes with calcium transportation in skeletal muscle reducing contraction

Indication: malignant hyperthermia

Surgical Use: management of malignant hyperthermia (MH)

Narcan 

Generic Name: naloxone hydrochloride 

Classification: narcotic antagonist

Action: displacement of narcotics from CNS receptor sites

Indication: narcotic overdose

Surgical Use: reverse narcotic analgesic

Lugol's Solution

Classification: stains

Surgical Use: stain cervical mucosa during conization

Decadron

Generic Name: dexamethasone

Classification: steroids

Action: decreases inflammation by suppressing the immune response

Indication: cerebral edema, adrenocortical insfficiency

Surgical Use: decrease postoperative edema related to surgery trama

Solu-Medrol

Generic Name: methylprednisolone acetate

Classification: steroids

Action: decreases inflammation by suppressing the immune response

Indication: inflammation or immunosuppression

Surgical Use: shock, maintenance of adrenal hormone levels for patients with insfficiency during the stressors of srgery

Papaverine

Generic Name: papaverine hydrochloride

Classification: vasopressor

Action: causes smooth muscle relaxation

Indication: vasodiliator

Surgical Use: sed to dilate arteries during cardiac and peripheral vascular procedures

Sterile Distilled Water 

Classification: irrigation solution

Surgical Use: used to soak debris from instrumentation intraopertively; may be used to irrigate the surgical wound or cavities

Saline

Classification: irrigation solution

Surgical Use: used to irrigate the surgical wound to reduce contamination

dextrose 5% in water

Classification: intravenous solution

Action: water and sugar

Surgical Use: used to correct hypoglycemia and replace water lost during normal metabolism

lactated Ringer's Solution

Classification: intravenous solution

Action: physiological salt solution containing electrolytes

Surgical Use: serves as glucose source for body metabolism, to correct fluid and electrolyte deficits, and ti treat mild acidosis when blood or blood products are being administered

normal saline (0.9%)

Classification: intravenous solution

Action: physiological salt solution

sterile water

Classification: intravenous solution

Action: sterile distilled water for intravenous use

Surgical Use: used for mixing medications

whole blood

Classification: blood products

Action: all components of blood

Indication: blood loss

Surgical Use: blood volume replacement

packed red blood cells (PRBC's)

Classification: blood products

Action: RBC's left from one unit of whole blood after most of plasma is removed

Indication: blood loss

Surgical Use: blood volume replacement with limited fluid

plasma (FFP)

Classification: blood product

Action: platelets removed from one unit of whole blood

Indication: replacement of clotting ability, usually following PRBC replacement

Srgical Use: need for clotting factors and ability

Hespan

Generic Name: hetastarch

Classification: plasma expander

Action: expands plasma volume and provides fluid replacement

Indication: hypovolemia, hypovolemic shock

Surigcal Use: replaces bood volume for patients who decline blood transfusion or when blood replacement is not availiable