Term
| What anesthetic agent is used as a topical anesthetic? |
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Definition
| Propericaine HCI (Alcaine), Tetracaine HCI (pontocaine), Lidocaine HCI (Xylocaine) |
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Term
| What anesthetic agent is used for retrobulbar anesthesia? |
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Definition
| Lidocaine HCI (Xylocaine), Bupivacaine HCI (Marcaine), Hyaluronidase (wydase). |
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Term
| What do antibiotics do, and what are some of the most common? |
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Definition
| Prevent SSI's. Gentamycin (genoptic), erythomycin (ilotycin), tobramycin (tobramycin ophthalmic), ofloxacin (ocuflox), ciprofloxan (ciloxan). |
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Term
| What antibiotics/anti-inflammatory drugs are used, and what is their use? |
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Definition
| tobramycin/dexamethasone (tobradex), neomycin, poly mixin B and dexamethasone (maxitrol). |
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Term
| What drugs are used to gain access to the posterior chamber of the anterior cavity of the eye? (cycloplegics) |
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Definition
| tropicamide (mydriacyl), cyclopentolate (cyclogyl), antropine sulfate (atropisol) |
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Term
| What dye is used to stain the tissue for detection of corneal abrasion or to assess lacrimal duct patency? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is used to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP)? |
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Definition
| Hyperosmotic agents - Mannitol, Acetazolamide (diamox) |
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Term
| What irrigation solution is to be used? |
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Definition
| Balanced Salt Solution (BSS) |
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Term
| What drug is used to dilate the pupil by paralyzing the iris sphincter? |
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Definition
| Mydriatics - Phenylephrine HIC (Neo-Synephrine) |
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Term
| What drug is used to constrict the pupil and what procedures is it used for? |
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Definition
| Miotics - pilocarpine HCI (pilocar), acetylcholine HCI (miochol), carbochol (miostat). Cataract extraction and to treat glaucoma. |
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Term
| What NSAID is used to prevent post-op inflammation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are steroids used for, and what are some of the most common used in ophthalmic surgery? |
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Definition
| prevent post-op inflammation. Prednisolone acetate (predforte), dexamethasone sodium phosphate (ocudex, decadron), betamethasone sodium phosphate/betamethasone acetate (celestone). |
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Term
| What are Viscoeleastic/Viscosurgical drugs used for, and what are some of the most commonly used? |
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Definition
| expands the anterior chamber and protects the corneal epithelium and provides intraocular lubrication. Sodium hyaluronate (Healon, Amvisc) |
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Term
| What are Zonulysis agents used for and what is the most common one used? |
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Definition
| It is used during the extraction of a lense as it dissolves the zonules holding the intracapsular lens in place. Alpha chymotrypsin (alpha-chymar) |
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Term
| Name the most common Ophthalmic agent. |
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Definition
| Sodium chondroitin sulfate sodium hyaluronate (viscoat) |
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Term
| Drugs used in ophthalmic surgery are used to what? |
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Definition
| Facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of pathological conditions of the eye. |
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Term
| TRUE OR FALSE: The concentrations of ophthalmic medications are usually more potent than the concentrations used in other specialties |
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Definition
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Term
| Mydriatic and cycloplegic agents have what effect on the eye? |
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Definition
| They cause mydriasis; which is the restriction of the iris, which causes the pupil to dilate. |
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Term
| Miotic agents have what effect on the eye |
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Definition
| They act on the iris resulting in iris relaxation and pupil constriction. |
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Term
| Pilocar, Miochol-E, and Miostat are all what kind of agents? |
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Definition
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Term
| What agents are used to expand the anterior chamber and prevent injury to the corneal endothelium during cataract extraction? |
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Definition
| Viscoelastic/Viscosurgical Agents |
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Term
| What agents can be used as a replacement for vitreous humor? |
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Definition
| Viscoelastic/Viscosurgical Agents |
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Term
| TRUE OR FALSE: Anti-inflammatory drugs include steroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as PredForte and Ocudex |
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Definition
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Term
| Ophthalmic Antibiotic ointments are used for what? |
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Definition
| Used for the treatment or prevention of ocular infections. |
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Term
| What is the most frequently used irrigating fluid during ophthalmic surgery? |
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Definition
| Balanced Salt Solution, BSS- a physiologically balanced irrigating fluid. |
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Term
| aWhat may be necessary for some ophthalmic procedures to block both sensory and motor nerve function of the eye? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is retrobulbar anesthesia accomplished? |
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Definition
| The area around the optic nerve may be injected with lidocaine HCl and bupivacaine. |
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Term
| What are steroids and NSAIDS used for when it comes to ophthalmics? |
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Definition
| They are used in traumatic eye injuries to suppress the inflammatory response and to control postoperative inflammation. |
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Term
| When are miotic agents used? |
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Definition
| They are used intraoperatively when pupil constriction is necessary, as in laser iridectomy or following placement of an intraocular lens (IOL) implant. |
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Term
| Ophthalmic Antibiotic ointments are common delivered in what form? |
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Definition
| They are commonly delivered as a liquid medication injected into the subconjunctival space, or as an ointment placed in the subconjunctival sac. |
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