Term
| Hyphae grow to form _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ hyphae have regular cross walls. |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ hyphae lack cross walls. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What fungus has pseudohyphae? |
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Definition
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Term
| filamentous and hyphal forms at room temp (culture); yeast or yeast-like at body temp |
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Definition
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Term
| most important dimorphic fungi |
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Definition
histoplasma
blastomyces
coccidioides
sporothrix |
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Term
| fungal infection caused by inhalation of spores |
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Definition
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Term
| fungal infection caused by traumatic implantation |
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Definition
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Term
| fungal opportunistic infection |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bronchopulmonary aspergillosis |
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Term
| What special media are used for fungus identification? |
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Definition
Sabouraud's agar
special selective blood agar |
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Term
| What does fungus identification require? |
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Definition
morphology
biochemical tests
immunologic tests
genetic probes |
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Term
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What tissue stains can be done for fungi identification? |
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Definition
silver (black stain)
periodic acid Schiff (PAS) (pink stain) |
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|
Term
| What does India ink identify? |
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Definition
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Term
| chronic fungal infection of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and sometimes bone, characterized by discharging sinuses filled with organisms |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is mycetoma generally found? |
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Definition
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Term
| What fungus causes hypopigmented spots on the chest, back or both? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| another name for Pityriasis versicolor |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of fungus is Pityriasis versicolor? |
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Definition
| yeast (that normally lives on skin) |
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Term
|
Definition
squamous cells and bacteria
leaves a clear background with fungi |
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Term
| "spaghetti and meatballs" KOH prep |
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Definition
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Term
| cutaneous fungus that infects skin, hair, and nails and grows in the superficial keratinized layer of the skin without invading the underlying tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| What do dermatophytes secrete that causes scaling of skin, loss of hair, and crumbling of the nails? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| dermatophyte that affects skin, hair, and nails |
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Term
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Definition
| dermatophyte that affects hair and skin |
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Term
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Definition
| dermatophyte that affects nails and skin |
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Term
| transmission of dermatophytes |
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Definition
fomites (hats, combs, shower floors)
animals
direct person-to-person contact |
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Term
| Tineas are types of __________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
groin/perinel area
jock itch |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What fungus causes tinea unguium? |
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Definition
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|
Term
present on plants as a filamentous hyphae
present on thorns, floral wire, splinters |
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Definition
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|
Term
| transmission of sporothrix |
|
Definition
traumatic implantation into human tissue
roses, plum trees |
|
|
Term
| What populations are more prone to sporotrichosis? |
|
Definition
| gardeners, farmers, nursery workers, landscapers |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| clinical manifestations of sporotrichosis |
|
Definition
-solitary cutaneous nodule at the site of implantation
-nodule ulcerates
-nodules and ulcers develop along the lymphatic flow |
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|
Term
| What fungus causes sporotrichosis? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some predisposing condition for candida infection? |
|
Definition
diabetes
continuous moisture
antibiotic use |
|
|
Term
| types of candida infections |
|
Definition
diaper rash
yeast vaginitis
thrush |
|
|
Term
| What can candida cause in immunocompromised hosts? |
|
Definition
| esophagitis, disseminated candidal infection |
|
|
Term
| symptoms of candidal esophagitis |
|
Definition
| painful swallowing and oral lesions |
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|
Term
| What fungi are responsible for causing pneumonia and systemic infections? |
|
Definition
histoplasma
coccidioides
blastomyces
cryptococcus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aspergillus
candida
cryptococcus
mucor and rhizophus
pneumocystis carinii |
|
|
Term
| systemic disease, mostly of the reticuloendothelial system, manifesting itself in the bone marrow, lungs, liver, and spleen |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Where is Histoplasma capsulatum found? |
|
Definition
| blackbird roosts, chicken houses, bat guano |
|
|
Term
| What is a significant occupational disease for workers in Mexico that harvest bat guano for fertilizer? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Histoplasmosis can be confined to the ________ or become systemically disseminated thereby producing a _______ outcome. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the most common fungus in the US, especially in the Ohio, Mississippi, and Missouri river valleys? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| characteristic pathologic finding of histoplasmosis |
|
Definition
| intracellular small round to oval yeast-like cells in tissue |
|
|
Term
| What fungus is responsible for San Joaquin Vally fever? |
|
Definition
Coccidioides immitis
(coccidioidomycosis) |
|
|
Term
| What fungus is endemic to the Southwestern US and other lower Sonoran climates of Central America and South America? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What fungus has a spherule that ruptures and releases endospores which in turn mature to become spherules? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| How do C. immitis infections occur? |
|
Definition
| when inhaled spores are deposited in the lower airways and subsequently change morphology to a spherule |
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|
Term
| Coccidioidomycosis is primarily a ___________ disease. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| symptoms of coccidioidomycosis |
|
Definition
anorexia, weight loss, cough, hemoptysis
(resembles TB) |
|
|
Term
| What will the CXR show for someone with coccidioidomycosis? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| chronic granulomatous disease that most commonly involves the lungs and skin |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What fungus causes blastomycosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Besides the lungs and skin, what other organs can be affected by B. dermatitidis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is Blastomyces dermatitidis found? |
|
Definition
| soil that contains organic debris (rotting wood, animal droppings, plant material) |
|
|
Term
| What populations are affected by blastomycosis? |
|
Definition
| people collecting firewood, tearing down old buildings, or engaged in other outdoor activities which disrupt the soil |
|
|
Term
| What continents does blastomycosis occur on? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Cryptococcus manifests itself most commonly as _________. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What fungus is found in pigeon and chicken droppings? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| portal of entry of cryptococcus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| characteristic features of C. neoformans |
|
Definition
spherical cells that produce buds that are narrow-based
organism is surrounded by a polysaccharide capsule |
|
|
Term
| What fungus is India ink used for and why? |
|
Definition
Cryptococcus neoformans
polysaccharide capsule |
|
|
Term
| Cryptococcus is often related to _______ disease. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What characterizes a C. neoformans infection in the lungs? |
|
Definition
| formation of granulomatous reaction with giant cells |
|
|
Term
| What opportunistic fungus is found in moldy organic material (food, wet ceiling tiles, compost)? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| transmission of aspergillus |
|
Definition
| inhalation (small enough to reach alveoli) |
|
|
Term
| What is the recommended stain for aspergillus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What fungus has hyphae that have parallel contours and brainch at 45 degree angles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is not uncommon with invasive aspergillosis? |
|
Definition
| invasion of blood vessels resulting in segmental infarcts |
|
|
Term
| diseases associated with Aspergillus fumigatus |
|
Definition
-allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
-fungal ball (aspergilloma)
-extreme neutropenia |
|
|
Term
| What happens in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis? |
|
Definition
| bronchi are converted to cystic spaces containing necrotic debris |
|
|
Term
| What patients get allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of hypersensitivity reaction is allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis? |
|
Definition
IgE type 1 hypersensitivity
(with bronchospasms and blood eosinophilia) |
|
|
Term
| fungus ball that colonizes in a healed lung scar or abscess from a previous disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mucor and Rhizopus have ________ ________ hyphae. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do mucor and rhizopus proliferate? |
|
Definition
blood vessel walls, especially in paranasal sinuses, gut, and lungs
cause infarction of the tissue |
|
|
Term
| What patients get rhinocerebral infections from mucor and rhizopus? |
|
Definition
ketoacidotic diabetics
cancer patients |
|
|
Term
| What are bacteria, but form branching long filaments like fungal hyphae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Actinomyces are gram _____ _____, but sometimes _____ ______. |
|
Definition
| gram positive rods; acid fast |
|
|
Term
| Actinomyces israelii is aerobic/anaerobic. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Norcardia asteroides is aerobic/anaerobic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is part of normal mucosal flora but can cause infection after local trauma such as a tooth extraction or IUD placement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Actinomyces israelii infection cause? |
|
Definition
| inflammation with masses of filaments (sulfur granules) |
|
|
Term
| What bacteria may be seen grossly as gritty material in pus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What weakly acid fast bacteria causes pulmonary infections that can progress to form abscesses in the sinus tracts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What fungus can cause an atypical pneumonia in immunocompromised (AIDS) patients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| characteristic appearance of Pneumocystis jiroveci |
|
Definition
| brown to black cysts in the alveolar exudate |
|
|
Term
| What causes interstitial pneumonia with ground glass appearance on CXR? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the tissue show in a PCP infection? |
|
Definition
| alveoli with foamy appearance |
|
|
Term
| What does silver stain show in a PCP infection? |
|
Definition
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