Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Ketone body produced in abnormal amounts in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, when there is excessive fat breakdown in cells. |
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Definition
| Major protein in blood plasma |
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Definition
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Definition
| Secreted by the pituitary gland and helps to reabsorb water from the renal tubules back into the bloodstream. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Nitrogen (increased amounts of nitrogenous wastes) in the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) |
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Definition
| Measurement of urea levels in blood |
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Term
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Definition
| Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus (ball of capillaries) in the outer section (cortex) of the kidney. |
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Definition
| Pertaining to a calyx (cup-shaped collecting chamber in the central portion of the kidney). |
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Definition
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Definition
| Cup-shaped collecting region in the renal pelvis (central section of the kidney). |
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Term
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Definition
| Tube for injecting or removing fluids. |
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Term
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Definition
| Outer region of an organ; renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney. (cortex means bark) |
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Term
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Definition
| Pertaining to the cortex (outer region of an organ). |
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Term
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Definition
| Nitrogen-containing waste product of muscle metabolism; excreted by the kidney in urine. |
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Term
| Creatinine clearance test |
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Definition
| Measures the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney. |
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Term
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Definition
| Removal of the urinary bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the urinary bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| Visual (endoscopic) examination of the urinary bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| New opening of the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal condition of inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland. Patients experience polyuria (excessive urination) and polydipsia (excessive thirst). |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal condition of no insulin or inadequate insulin secretion from the pancreas. This leads to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and glycosuria (sugar in the urine). |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the bloodstream with the kidneys no longer function. |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition of complete (excessive) urination. |
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Term
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Definition
| Difficult, painful urination. |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissue spaces. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. Examples are sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl-). |
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Term
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Definition
| Bedwetting (literally, “in urine”). |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by the kidney to increase red blood cell formation in the bone marrow. |
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Term
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Definition
| High blood pressure due to no apparent cause. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process by which some substances, but not all, pass through a filter or other type of material. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pertaining to a glomerulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of glomeruli in the kidney. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the cortex of the kidney. As blood flows through each glomerulus, waste materials and other substances are filtered from the bloodstream. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Removal of waste materials (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) from the blood in patients whose kidneys have stopped functioning. Blood leaves the body and circulates through a machine that removes wastes before sending the blood back into the body through a vein. |
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Term
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Definition
| Depression or hollow in the surface of an organ, such as the kidney and lung. It is the area where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the organ. |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition of excess fluid (water) in the kidney. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the tissue in the kidney that lies between (interstitium) the nephrons (functional units). |
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Term
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Definition
| Presence of ketones (acids and acetone) in the urine. Common in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, but can occur anytime the body begins to break down fatty tissue to provide energy as in starvation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal condition of ketones in the blood and body tissues. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of two bean-shaped organs behind the abdominal cavity on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region. |
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Term
| Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder (KUB) |
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Definition
| X-ray examination (without contrast) of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of crushing a stone in the urinary tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| Narrowing of the meatus (opening of the urethra to the outside of the body). |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An opening or passageway. The urinary meatus is the opening of the urethra to the outside of the body and the auditory meatus is the opening of the ear to the outside of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inner region of an organ. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pertaining to the medulla or an organ. (medulla means marrow) |
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Term
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Definition
| Presence of abnormal amounts of albumin found through sensitive testing; recognized as the earliest sign of renal involvement in diabetes mellitus & esential hypertension. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal condition of kidney stones. |
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Term
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Definition
| Incision to remove a kidney stone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Functional unit of the kidney, consisting of a glomerulus, renal tubule, and collecting tubule. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Prolapse of a kidney; floating or wandering kidney. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hardening of the kidney (arterioles). |
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Term
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Definition
| New opening of the kidney to the outside of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of symptoms that occur due to loss of protein in the urine. Symptoms include edema (swelling of tissues), hypoalbuminemia (loss of protein from the blood), heavy proteinuria, and infection. This condition is also known as nephrosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine: examples are urea, creatinine and uric acid. |
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Term
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Definition
| Excessive urination at night. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Pertaining to near the kidney. |
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Term
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Definition
| Separation of nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream by introducing fluid into the peritoneal cavity. Wastes then leave the bloodstream and enter the fluid, which is drained through an abdominal catheter. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pertaining to surrounding the bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| Excess of phenylketones in the urine; diagnosed by a PKU test at birth. |
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Term
| Polycystic kidney disease |
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Definition
| Kidneys are filled with cysts that prevent normal kidney function. |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition of increased thirst. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical element that forms salts with other minerals such as calcium and is vital for bodily processes. When dissolved in water, it is an electrolyte whose balance is regulated by the kidney. |
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Term
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Definition
| Record (x-ray) of the renal pelvis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney; caused by bacterial infection. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Process in the kidney by which the renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream. |
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Term
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Definition
| X-ray record of blood vessels of the kidney after injecting contrast material. |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical repair of blood vessels in the kidney. Narrowed areas of renal arteries are dilated using an inflatable balloon attached to a catheter. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma) |
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Definition
| Malignant tumor of the kidney in an adult. |
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Term
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Definition
| Kidney pain resulting from a stone in the ureter or kidney. |
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Term
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Definition
| Failure of the kidneys to produce and excrete urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| Holding back of blood flow to the kidney. |
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Term
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Definition
| Central collecting chamber of the kidney. |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical transfer of a complete kidney from a donor to a recipient. |
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Term
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Definition
| Microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and back toward the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance (enzyme) synthesized, stored and secreted by the kidney to raise blood pressure. It causes narrowing (constriction) of blood vessels. |
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Term
| Retrograde pyelogram (RP) |
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Definition
| X-ray record of the kidney, ureters, and urinary bladder after injection of contrast material through a urinary catheter into the ureters. |
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Term
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Definition
| High blood pressure caused by kidney disease or by other disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical element necessary for cellular functioning. As an electrolyte, its blood and urine levels are regulated by the kidney. |
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Term
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Definition
| Narrowing of a tubular structure in the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Triangular area in the urinary bladder where the ureters enter and the urethra exits. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the trigone (area in the bladder). |
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Term
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Definition
| Major nitrogenous waste material in urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Urea (urine) in the blood; a potentially fatal condition. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tube leading from each kidney to the urinary bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| New opening between a ureter and the ileum (for removal of urine after cystectomy). |
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Term
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Definition
| Incision of a ureter to remove a stone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical transplantation of a ureter to a new site in the urinary bladder. This occurs with a kidney transplant. |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical repair of a ureter. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Narrowing of the urethra. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the urethra. |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical repair of the urethra. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nitrogenous waste formed when proteins are used in cells. It is excreted by the kidneys in urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Series of tests to evaluate the composition of urine. It includes tests to determine color, appearance, sugar, bacteria, and protein in blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hollow container with muscular walls that holds and stores urine until it is discharged from the body. Urinary catheterization is passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder for temporary or permanent drainage of urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder for temporary or permanent drainage of urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inability to hold urine in the bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inability to release urine from the bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of expelling urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureters. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| X-ray record of the urinary bladder and urethra taken while a patient is urinating and after contrast material is injected retrograde through the urethra. |
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Term
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Definition
| Malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in childhood. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Action; condition; state of |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Incision (for removal) of a stone |
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