Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Medical Terms: Chapter 8
Medical Terminology Systems: A Body Systems Approach (Sixth Edition)-Barbara A. Glylys and Mary Ellen Wedding
75
Physiology
Undergraduate 3
11/15/2011

Additional Physiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
leaflet
Definition
thin, flattened structure; term used to describe the leaf-shaped structures that compose a heart valve
Term
lumen
Definition
tubular space or channel within any organ or structure of the body; space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube
Term
sphincter
Definition
circular muscle found in a tubular structure or hollow organ that constricts or dilates to regulated passage of substances through its openings
Term
viscosity
Definition
state of being sticky or gummy
Term
aneurysm/o
Definition
widened blood vessel
Term
angi/o
Definition
vessel (usually lymph or blood)
Term
vascul/o
Definition
vessel (usually lymph or blood)
Term
ather/o
Definition
fatty plaque
Term
hemangi/o
Definition
blood vessel
Term
phleb/o
Definition
vein
Term
sphygm/o
Definition
pulse
Term
sten/o
Definition
narrowing, stricture
Term
thromb/o
Definition
blood clot
Term
-sphyxia
Definition
pulse
Term
aneurysm
Definition
localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery
Term
arrest
Definition
condition of being stopped or bringing to a stop
Term
cardiac arrest
Definition
loss of effective cardiac function, which results in cessation of circulation
Term
circulatory arrest
Definition
cessation of the circulation of blood due to ventricular standstill or fibrillation
Term
arrhythmia
Definition
inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus rhythm, possible including a rapid or slow beat or skipping a beat; also called dysrhythmia
Term
bruit
Definition
soft blowing sound heard on auscultation, possibly due to vibrations associated with the movement of blood, valvular action, or both; also called murmur
Term
coarctation
Definition
narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta
Term
ejection fraction
Definition
calculation of how much blood a ventricle can eject with one contraction
Term
infarct
Definition
area of tissue that undergoes necrosis following cessation of blood supply
Term
implantable cardioverterdefibrillator
Definition
Implantable battery-powered device that monitors and automatically corrects centricular tachycardia or fibrillation by sending electrical impulses to the heart
Term
ischemia
Definition
local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to circulatory obstruction
Term
mitral valve prolapse
Definition
common and occasionally serious condition in which the leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse into the left atrium during systole causing a characteristic murmur heard on auscultation
Term
patent ductus arteriosus
Definition
failture of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth, allowing blood to flow from the aorta into the pulmonary (lung) artery
Term
perfusion
Definition
circulation of blood through tissues or the passage of fluids through vessels of an organ
Term
tetralogy of Fallot
Definition
congenital anomaly consisting of 4 elements: 1. pulmonary artery stenosis; 2. interventricular septal defect; 3. transposition of the aorta, so that both ventricles empty into the aorta; 4. right ventricular hypertrophy caused by increased workload of the right ventricle
Term
stent
Definition
slender or threadlike device used to hold open vessels, tubes, or obstructed arteries
Term
cardiac catheterization (CC)
Definition
passage of a catheter into the heart through a vein or artery to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the heart
Term
Holter monitor test
Definition
ECG taken with a small portable recording system capable of storing up to 24 hours of ECG tracings
Term
nuclear ECG
Definition
ECG that utilizes a radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow
Term
stress test ECG
Definition
ECG taken under controlled exercise conditions
Term
cardiac enzyme studies
Definition
blood test that measures troponin T, troponin I, and creatinine kinase (CK-MB)
Term
lipid panel
Definition
series of tests (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides) used to assess risk factors of ischemic heart disease
Term
angiography
Definition
radiographic imaging of the heart and blood vessels after injection of a contrast dye
Term
coronary angiography
Definition
angiography to determine the degree of obstruction of the arteries that supply blood to the heart
Term
digital subtraction
Definition
angiography in which two radiographic images are obtained, the first one without contrast material and the second one after a contrast material has been injected, and then compared by a computer that digitally subtracts (removes) the images of soft tissues, bones, and muscles, leaving only the image of vessels with contrast
Term
aortography
Definition
radiological examination of the aorta and its branches following injection of a contrast medium via a catheter
Term
echocardiography (ECHO)
Definition
noninvasive diagnostic method that uses ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures and produce images of the heart
Term
Doppler ultrasound
Definition
noninvasive adaptation of ultrasound technology in which blood flow velocity is assessed in different areas of the heart
Term
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Definition
noninvasive technique that uses radiowaves and a strong magnetic field, rather than an x-ray beam, to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of blood vessels
Term
multiple-gated acquisition (MUGA)
Definition
nuclear procedure that uses radioactive tracers to produce movie-like images of the structures of the heart, including the myocardium and the mitral and tricuspid valves
Term
phonocardiography
Definition
imaging technique that provides a graphic display of heart sounds and murmurs during the cardiac cycle
Term
scintigraphy
Definition
diagnostic test that uses radiation emitted by the body after an injection of radioactive substances to create images of various organs or identify body functions and diseases
Term
thallium study
Definition
scintigraphy procedure that uses injected radioactive thallium and records the uptake of the isotope with a gamma camera to produce and image
Term
venography
Definition
radiography of a vein after injection of a contrast medium to detect incomplete filling of a vein which indicates obstruction
Term
cardioversion
Definition
procedure to restore normal rhythm of the heart by applying a controlled electrical shock to the exterior of the chest
Term
embolization
Definition
technique used to block blood flow to a site by passing a catheter to the area and injecting a synthetic material or medication specially designed to occlude the blood vessel
Term
sclerotherapy
Definition
injection of a chemical irritant (sclerosing agent) into a vein to produce inflammation and fibrosis that destroys the lumen of the vein
Term
angioplasty
Definition
procedure that alters a vessel through surgery or dilation of the vessel using a balloon catheter
Term
coronary artery bypass graft
Definition
surgical procedure that uses a vessel graft from another part of the body to bypass the blocked part of a coronary artery and restore blood supply to the heart muscle
Term
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
Definition
dilation of an occluded vessel using a balloon catheter under fluoroscopic guidance
Term
atherectomy
Definition
removal of material from an occluded vessel using a specially designed catheter fitted with a cutting or grinding device
Term
biopsy
Definition
removal and examination of a small piece of tissue for diagnostic purposes
Term
arterial biopsy
Definition
removal and examination of a segment of an arterial vessel wall to confirm inflammation of the wall or arteritis, a type of vasculitis
Term
catheter ablation
Definition
destruction of conduction tissue of the heart to interrupt the abnormal conduction pathway causing the arrythmia, this allowing normal heart rhythm to resume
Term
commissurotomy
Definition
surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve, which have fused together at their "commissures" (points of touching)
Term
laser ablation
Definition
procedure used to remove or treat varicose veins
Term
ligation and stripping
Definition
tying a varicose vein (ligation) followed by removal (stripping) of the affected segment
Term
open heart surgery
Definition
surgical procedure performed on or within the exposed heart, usually with the assistance of a heart-lung machine
Term
pericardiocentesis
Definition
puncturing of the pericardium to remove excess fluid from the pericardial sac or to test for protein, sugar, and enzymes or determine the causative organism of pericarditis
Term
thrombolysis
Definition
destruction of a blood clot using anticlotting agents called clot-busters, such as tissue plasminogen activator
Term
intravascular thrombolysis
Definition
infusion of a thrombolytic agent into a vessel to dissolve a blood clot
Term
valvotomy
Definition
incision of a valve to increase the size of the opening; used in treating mitral stenosis
Term
venipuncture
Definition
puncture of a vein by a needle attaches to a syringe or catheter to withdraw a specimen of blood; also called phlebotomy
Term
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
Definition
lower blood pressure by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I (an inactive enzyme) to angiotensin II (a potent vasoconstrictor). (benazepril-Lotensin; captopril-Capoten)
Term
antiarrythmics
Definition
prevent, alleviate, or correct cardiac arrythmias by stabilizing the electrical conduction of the heart. (flecainide-Tambocor)
Term
beta-blockers
Definition
block the effect of adrenaline on beta receptors, which slow nerve pulses that pass through the heart, thereby causing a decreased heart rate and contractility (atenolol-Tenormin; metaprolol- Lopressor, Toprol-XL)
Term
calcium channel blockers
Definition
block movement of calcium (required for blood vessel contraction) into myocardial cells and arterial walls, causing heart rate and blood pressure to decrease (amlodipine-Norvasc; diltiazem- Cardizem CD; nifedipine-Adalat CC, Procardia)
Term
diuretics
Definition
act on kidneys to increase excretion of water and sodium (furosemide-Lasix)
Term
nitrates
Definition
dilate blood vessels of the heart, causing an increase in the amount of oxygen delivered to the myocardium, and decrease venous return and arterial resistance, which decreases myocardial oxygen demand and relieves angina (nitroglycerin- Nitrolingual, Mitrogard, Nitrostat)
Term
peripheral vasodilators
Definition
treat peripheral vascular diseases, diabetic peripheral vascular insufficiency, and Raynaud disease (cyclandelate- Cyclan; isoxsuprine- Vasodilan)
Term
statins
Definition
lower cholesterol in the blood and reduce its production in the liver by blocking the enzyme that produces it (atorvastatin- Lipitor; simvastatin- Zocor; simvastatin and ezetimibe- Vytorin)
Supporting users have an ad free experience!