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Medical terms (all that I could get)
this was all that claude would make for me. its a lot so I didn't wanna do it and clearly neither did it.
629
Medical
Not Applicable
02/12/2026
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Term
Combining form (CF)
 Definition
When a word root (WR) is combined with a combining vowel
Term
Combining vowel (CV)
 Definition
Typically the letter 'o' that helps with pronunciation and connects word parts
Term
Prefix (P)
 Definition
Appears at the beginning of the medical term and adds meaning to the word root
Term
Suffix (S)
 Definition
At the end of the medical term, usually indicates a procedure, condition, or disease
Term
Word root (WR)
 Definition
Core of medical terms that refers to the body part or body system
Term
Abdominopelvic cavity
 Definition
Largest cavity in the body housing digestive organs, pelvic cavity, and reproductive organs
Term
Anatomical view of the body
 Definition
Standardized position: standing upright, feet shoulder-width apart, arms at sides, palms forward
Term
Anatomy
 Definition
Study of the structure of body systems
Term
Anterior
 Definition
Front or direction toward the front of the body
Term
Bilateral
 Definition
Pertaining to both sides of the body
Term
Contralateral
 Definition
Positioned on the opposite side
Term
Cranial cavity
 Definition
Part of dorsal cavity that houses the brain
Term
Deep
 Definition
Position farther from the surface of the body
Term
Distal
 Definition
Farther from the point of attachment or trunk of the body
Term
Dorsal (posterior) cavity
 Definition
Body cavity that includes the cranial and spinal cavities
Term
Dorsum
 Definition
Top of one's hand or foot
Term
Frontal (coronal) plane
 Definition
Vertical plane dividing body into anterior and posterior portions
Term
Homeostasis
 Definition
Body's biological processes that result in stable equilibrium
Term
Inferior (caudal)
 Definition
Position below or lower than another part of the body
Term
Ipsilateral
 Definition
Positioned on the same side
Term
Lateral
 Definition
Direction toward the side of the body
Term
Medial
 Definition
Middle or direction toward the middle of the body
Term
Mucous membranes
 Definition
Epithelial membranes lining body cavities that open to external environment
Term
Oblique plane
 Definition
Divides body at an angle between horizontal and vertical planes
Term
Organ systems
 Definition
Group of organs that work together to perform major functions
Term
Palmar
 Definition
Palm side of one's hand
Term
Physiology
 Definition
Study of the function of body structures
Term
Plantar
 Definition
Sole side of one's foot
Term
Posterior
 Definition
Back or direction toward the back of the body
Term
Prone
 Definition
Position of lying on one's abdomen
Term
Proximal
 Definition
Nearer to the point of attachment or trunk of the body
Term
Sagittal (lateral) plane
 Definition
Vertical plane dividing body into right and left sides
Term
Serous membranes
 Definition
Epithelial membranes in body cavities with parietal and visceral layers
Term
Spinal cavity
 Definition
Part of dorsal cavity that encloses the spinal cord
Term
Superficial
 Definition
Position closer to the surface of the body
Term
Superior (cranial)
 Definition
Position above or higher than another part of the body
Term
Supine
 Definition
Position of lying down on one's back
Term
Synovial membranes
 Definition
Connective tissue membranes lining joint cavities that hold synovial fluid
Term
Thoracic cavity
 Definition
Part of ventral cavity enclosed by rib cage, contains lungs and heart
Term
Transverse (axial) plane
 Definition
Horizontal plane dividing body into upper and lower parts
Term
Unilateral
 Definition
One side of the body
Term
Ventral (anterior) cavity
 Definition
Body cavity that includes thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Term
a-, an-
 Definition
Without, absence of, not
Term
ab-
 Definition
Away from
Term
ad-
 Definition
Toward, near
Term
ante-
 Definition
Before, in front of
Term
anti-
 Definition
Against, opposing
Term
auto-
 Definition
Self
Term
bi-
 Definition
Two, both
Term
brady-
 Definition
Slow
Term
circum-
 Definition
Around
Term
contra-
 Definition
Against, opposed to
Term
de-
 Definition
Down, from
Term
di-
 Definition
Two, twice
Term
dia-
 Definition
Through, across
Term
dys-
 Definition
Bad, painful, difficult, abnormal
Term
ecto-, exo-
 Definition
Outside, outer
Term
endo-
 Definition
Within, inner
Term
epi-
 Definition
Upon, over, on
Term
eu-
 Definition
Normal, good
Term
extra-
 Definition
Beyond, outside of
Term
hemi-, semi-
 Definition
Half
Term
hyper-
 Definition
Above, excessive, beyond
Term
hypo-
 Definition
Below, beneath, deficient
Term
infra-
 Definition
Below, beneath
Term
inter-
 Definition
Between
Term
intra-
 Definition
Within, inside
Term
macro-
 Definition
Large
Term
mal-
 Definition
Bad
Term
meta-
 Definition
Beyond, changing
Term
micro-
 Definition
Small, tiny
Term
neo-
 Definition
New
Term
pan-
 Definition
All
Term
para-
 Definition
Beside, beyond, abnormal
Term
per-
 Definition
Through
Term
peri-
 Definition
Around
Term
poly-
 Definition
Many, excessive
Term
post-
 Definition
After, behind
Term
pre-, pro-
 Definition
Before, in front of
Term
retro-
 Definition
Behind, backward
Term
sub-
 Definition
Under, beneath
Term
super-, supra-
 Definition
Above, excessive
Term
syn-, sym-
 Definition
Together, with
Term
tachy-
 Definition
Rapid, fast
Term
trans-
 Definition
Through, across
Term
tri-
 Definition
Three
Term
uni-
 Definition
One
Term
-ac, -al, -ar, -ary, -eal, -ic, -ior, -ous
 Definition
Pertaining to
Term
-algia, -dynia
 Definition
Pain
Term
-cele
 Definition
Hernia, protrusion
Term
-centesis
 Definition
Surgical puncture to remove fluid
Term
-cyte
 Definition
Cell
Term
-ectasis
 Definition
Expansion, dilation
Term
-ectomy
 Definition
Surgical removal, excision
Term
-edema
 Definition
Swelling
Term
-emesis
 Definition
Vomiting
Term
-emia
 Definition
Blood condition
Term
-gen
 Definition
Substance that produces
Term
-genesis
 Definition
Origin, production
Term
-genic
 Definition
Producing, produced by
Term
-gram
 Definition
Record, image
Term
-graph
 Definition
Instrument used to record
Term
-graphy
 Definition
Process of recording
Term
-ia
 Definition
Condition, state
Term
-iasis
 Definition
Condition, formation of
Term
-ism
 Definition
Condition, process
Term
-ist
 Definition
One who specializes in
Term
-itis
 Definition
Inflammation
Term
-logist
 Definition
Specialist who studies and treats
Term
-logy
 Definition
Study of
Term
-lysis
 Definition
Breakdown, separation, loosening
Term
-malacia
 Definition
Softening
Term
-megaly
 Definition
Enlargement
Term
-meter
 Definition
Instrument used to measure
Term
-metry
 Definition
Process of measuring
Term
-oid
 Definition
Resembling
Term
-oma
 Definition
Tumor, mass
Term
-opia
 Definition
Vision condition
Term
-opsy
 Definition
Process of viewing
Term
-osis
 Definition
Abnormal condition
Term
-pathy
 Definition
Disease process
Term
-penia
 Definition
Deficiency, lack of
Term
-pexy
 Definition
Surgical fixation
Term
-phagia
 Definition
Eating, swallowing
Term
-phasia
 Definition
Speech
Term
-phobia
 Definition
Fear
Term
-plasia
 Definition
Formation, development
Term
-plasm
 Definition
Growth, substance, formation
Term
-plasty
 Definition
Surgical repair
Term
-plegia
 Definition
Paralysis
Term
-pnea
 Definition
Breathing
Term
-poiesis
 Definition
Formation, production
Term
-ptosis
 Definition
Drooping, sagging, prolapse
Term
-rrhage, -rrhagia
 Definition
Bursting forth, excessive bleeding
Term
-rrhaphy
 Definition
Suturing, stitching
Term
-rrhea
 Definition
Flow, discharge
Term
-rrhexis
 Definition
Rupture
Term
-scope
 Definition
Instrument used to view
Term
-scopy
 Definition
Process of visually examining
Term
-spasm
 Definition
Involuntary contraction
Term
-stasis
 Definition
Stopping, controlling
Term
-stenosis
 Definition
Narrowing, stricture
Term
-stomy
 Definition
Creation of an opening
Term
-therapy
 Definition
Treatment
Term
-tome
 Definition
Instrument used to cut
Term
-tomy
 Definition
Incision, cutting into
Term
-trophy
 Definition
Nourishment, development
Term
-uria
 Definition
Urination, urine condition
Term
abdomin/o
 Definition
Abdomen
Term
aden/o
 Definition
Gland
Term
adip/o
 Definition
Fat
Term
angi/o
 Definition
Vessel
Term
arteri/o
 Definition
Artery
Term
arthr/o
 Definition
Joint
Term
bronch/o, bronchi/o
 Definition
Bronchus, lung
Term
carcin/o
 Definition
Cancer
Term
cardi/o
 Definition
Heart
Term
cephal/o
 Definition
Head
Term
cerebr/o
 Definition
Cerebrum, brain
Term
cholecyst/o
 Definition
Gallbladder
Term
chondr/o
 Definition
Cartilage
Term
col/o
 Definition
Colon, large intestine
Term
colp/o
 Definition
Vagina
Term
cost/o
 Definition
Rib
Term
crani/o
 Definition
Skull
Term
cyan/o
 Definition
Blue
Term
cyst/o, cysti
 Definition
Bladder, cyst, sac
Term
cyt/o
 Definition
Cell
Term
derm/o, dermat/o
 Definition
Skin
Term
duoden/o
 Definition
Duodenum
Term
encephal/o
 Definition
Brain
Term
enter/o
 Definition
Small intestine
Term
erythr/o
 Definition
Red
Term
esophag/o
 Definition
Esophagus
Term
gastr/o
 Definition
Stomach
Term
glyc/o
 Definition
Sugar, glucose
Term
gynec/o
 Definition
Woman, female
Term
hem/o, hemat/o
 Definition
Blood
Term
hepat/o
 Definition
Liver
Term
hist/o
 Definition
Tissue
Term
hydr/o
 Definition
Water, fluid
Term
hyster/o
 Definition
Uterus
Term
ile/o
 Definition
Ileum
Term
ili/o
 Definition
Ilium
Term
laryng/o
 Definition
Larynx, voice box
Term
leuk/o
 Definition
White
Term
lip/o
 Definition
Fat, lipid
Term
lith/o
 Definition
Stone, calculus
Term
mamm/o, mast/o
 Definition
Breast
Term
men/o
 Definition
Menstruation, menses
Term
metr/o, metri/o
 Definition
Uterus
Term
my/o
 Definition
Muscle
Term
myel/o
 Definition
Bone marrow, spinal cord
Term
nas/o, rhin/o
 Definition
Nose
Term
nephr/o, ren/o
 Definition
Kidney
Term
neur/o
 Definition
Nerve
Term
onc/o
 Definition
Tumor
Term
onych/o
 Definition
Nail
Term
oophor/o, ovari/o
 Definition
Ovary
Term
ophthalm/o
 Definition
Eye
Term
opt/o, optic/o
 Definition
Eye, vision
Term
or/o
 Definition
Mouth
Term
orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o
 Definition
Testis
Term
oste/o
 Definition
Bone
Term
ot/o
 Definition
Ear
Term
path/o
 Definition
Disease
Term
phleb/o, ven/o
 Definition
Vein
Term
pneum/o, pneumon/o
 Definition
Lung, air
Term
proct/o
 Definition
Rectum, anus
Term
pulmon/o
 Definition
Lung
Term
py/o
 Definition
Pus
Term
pyel/o
 Definition
Renal pelvis
Term
rect/o
 Definition
Rectum
Term
retin/o
 Definition
Retina
Term
salping/o
 Definition
Fallopian tube, uterine tube
Term
sarc/o
 Definition
Flesh, connective tissue
Term
scler/o
 Definition
Hard, hardening, sclera
Term
splen/o
 Definition
Spleen
Term
stern/o
 Definition
Sternum, breastbone
Term
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
 Definition
Tendon
Term
thorac/o
 Definition
Chest, thorax
Term
thromb/o
 Definition
Clot, clotting
Term
thyr/o, thyroid/o
 Definition
Thyroid gland
Term
tonsill/o
 Definition
Tonsil
Term
trache/o
 Definition
Trachea, windpipe
Term
ur/o
 Definition
Urine, urinary tract
Term
ureter/o
 Definition
Ureter
Term
urethr/o
 Definition
Urethra
Term
uter/o
 Definition
Uterus
Term
vas/o
 Definition
Vessel, duct, vas deferens
Term
vertebr/o
 Definition
Vertebra, spine
Term
vesic/o
 Definition
Bladder, sac
Term
Dermatology
 Definition
Study of the skin
Term
Dermatologist
 Definition
Specialist who studies and treats disorders of the skin
Term
Epidermis
 Definition
Outermost layer of skin
Term
Dermis
 Definition
Layer of skin under the epidermis containing blood vessels and nerves
Term
Hypodermis
 Definition
Layer underneath the dermis, also called subcutaneous tissue
Term
Subcutaneous
 Definition
Pertaining to under the skin
Term
Keratin
 Definition
Protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness
Term
Melanin
 Definition
Pigment responsible for skin color
Term
Melanocytes
 Definition
Melanin-producing cells
Term
Adipose tissue
 Definition
Fat tissue
Term
Sebaceous gland
 Definition
Oil gland that lubricates skin and hair
Term
Eccrine sweat gland
 Definition
Type of gland that produces sweat for temperature regulation
Term
Apocrine sweat gland
 Definition
Sweat glands found in hair follicles in densely hairy areas
Term
Alopecia
 Definition
Hair loss
Term
Hirsutism
 Definition
Excessive hair growth
Term
Onycholysis
 Definition
Separation of nail from nail bed
Term
Onychomycosis
 Definition
Fungal infection of the nail
Term
Anhidrosis
 Definition
Absence of sweat production
Term
Hyperhidrosis
 Definition
Excessive sweating
Term
Diaphoresis
 Definition
Profuse sweating
Term
Dehydration
 Definition
Excessive water loss from the body
Term
Pulmonology
 Definition
Study of the lungs
Term
Pulmonologist
 Definition
Specialist who treats diseases and disorders of the lungs
Term
Upper respiratory infection (URI)
 Definition
Viral infection of nose, nasal cavities, sinuses, pharynx, or larynx
Term
Pharynx
 Definition
Throat
Term
Larynx
 Definition
Voice box
Term
Trachea
 Definition
Windpipe
Term
Bronchi
 Definition
Main air passageways of the lungs
Term
Bronchioles
 Definition
Smallest branches of bronchi
Term
Alveoli
 Definition
Small, grape-like sacs where gas exchange occurs
Term
Epiglottis
 Definition
Flap of tissue that covers trachea during swallowing
Term
Rhinorrhea
 Definition
Runny nose, excess mucus production
Term
Epistaxis
 Definition
Nosebleed
Term
Rhinitis
 Definition
Inflammation of the nasal mucosa
Term
Sinusitis
 Definition
Inflammation of the sinus cavities
Term
Pharyngitis
 Definition
Inflammation of the pharynx
Term
Laryngitis
 Definition
Inflammation of the larynx
Term
Tonsillitis
 Definition
Inflammation of the tonsils
Term
Adenoiditis
 Definition
Inflammation of the adenoids
Term
Bronchitis
 Definition
Inflammation of the bronchi
Term
Bronchospasm
 Definition
Sudden constriction of muscles in bronchi walls
Term
Bronchoscopy
 Definition
Visual examination of the bronchi
Term
Pneumonia
 Definition
Diseased state of the lung, typically infection
Term
Atelectasis
 Definition
Collapse of alveoli or lung
Term
Pleural effusion
 Definition
Excessive fluid between pleural membranes
Term
Aspiration
 Definition
Inhalation of food or fluids into trachea and lower respiratory tract
Term
Tracheostomy
 Definition
Incision in trachea to create artificial opening for breathing
Term
Dysphonia
 Definition
Difficulty speaking, voice problems
Term
Dyspnea
 Definition
Difficulty breathing
Term
Tachypnea
 Definition
Rapid breathing
Term
Bradypnea
 Definition
Slow breathing
Term
Apnea
 Definition
Absence of breathing
Term
Hypoxia
 Definition
Deficiency of oxygen
Term
Sputum
 Definition
Mucous secretions expelled through the mouth
Term
Surfactant
 Definition
Substance that prevents lungs from collapsing
Term
Lobectomy
 Definition
Surgical removal of a lobe of the lung
Term
Urology
 Definition
Study of the urinary system
Term
Urologist
 Definition
Specialist who treats urinary system disorders
Term
Nephrology
 Definition
Study of the kidneys
Term
Nephrologist
 Definition
Specialist who treats kidney disorders
Term
Kidney
 Definition
Organ that filters blood and produces urine
Term
Ureter
 Definition
Tube that carries urine from kidney to bladder
Term
Urethra
 Definition
Tube that carries urine from bladder to outside of body
Term
Urinary bladder
 Definition
Organ that stores urine
Term
Nephritis
 Definition
Inflammation of the kidney
Term
Pyelonephritis
 Definition
Inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis
Term
Glomerulonephritis
 Definition
Inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidney
Term
Cystitis
 Definition
Inflammation of the bladder
Term
Urethritis
 Definition
Inflammation of the urethra
Term
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
 Definition
Infection of any part of the urinary system
Term
Dysuria
 Definition
Painful or difficult urination
Term
Polyuria
 Definition
Excessive urination
Term
Oliguria
 Definition
Decreased urine output
Term
Anuria
 Definition
Absence of urine production
Term
Hematuria
 Definition
Blood in the urine
Term
Nocturia
 Definition
Excessive urination at night
Term
Incontinence
 Definition
Inability to control urination
Term
Nephrolithiasis
 Definition
Kidney stones
Term
Urolithiasis
 Definition
Stones in the urinary tract
Term
Dialysis
 Definition
Process of filtering blood when kidneys fail
Term
Testis (testicle)
 Definition
Male gonad that produces sperm and testosterone
Term
Scrotum
 Definition
Sac that holds the testes
Term
Prostate gland
 Definition
Gland that produces fluid for semen
Term
Vas deferens
 Definition
Duct that carries sperm from testis
Term
Epididymis
 Definition
Coiled tube where sperm mature
Term
Semen
 Definition
Fluid containing sperm
Term
Orchitis
 Definition
Inflammation of the testis
Term
Epididymitis
 Definition
Inflammation of the epididymis
Term
Prostatitis
 Definition
Inflammation of the prostate gland
Term
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
 Definition
Non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate
Term
Erectile dysfunction (ED)
 Definition
Inability to achieve or maintain an erection
Term
Vasectomy
 Definition
Surgical procedure to cut vas deferens for sterilization
Term
Orchiopexy
 Definition
Surgical fixation of an undescended testis
Term
Cryptorchidism
 Definition
Undescended testis
Term
Gynecology
 Definition
Study of the female reproductive system
Term
Gynecologist
 Definition
Specialist who treats female reproductive disorders
Term
Ovary
 Definition
Female gonad that produces eggs and hormones
Term
Fallopian tube (uterine tube)
 Definition
Tube that carries egg from ovary to uterus
Term
Uterus
 Definition
Organ where fetus develops during pregnancy
Term
Cervix
 Definition
Lower part of uterus that opens into vagina
Term
Vagina
 Definition
Canal leading from cervix to outside of body
Term
Endometrium
 Definition
Lining of the uterus
Term
Myometrium
 Definition
Muscular layer of the uterus
Term
Ovulation
 Definition
Release of an egg from the ovary
Term
Menstruation
 Definition
Monthly shedding of uterine lining
Term
Amenorrhea
 Definition
Absence of menstruation
Term
Dysmenorrhea
 Definition
Painful menstruation
Term
Menorrhagia
 Definition
Excessive menstrual bleeding
Term
Metrorrhagia
 Definition
Irregular uterine bleeding between periods
Term
Vaginitis
 Definition
Inflammation of the vagina
Term
Cervicitis
 Definition
Inflammation of the cervix
Term
Endometriosis
 Definition
Condition where endometrial tissue grows outside uterus
Term
Salpingitis
 Definition
Inflammation of the fallopian tube
Term
Oophoritis
 Definition
Inflammation of the ovary
Term
Hysterectomy
 Definition
Surgical removal of the uterus
Term
Oophorectomy
 Definition
Surgical removal of an ovary
Term
Salpingectomy
 Definition
Surgical removal of a fallopian tube
Term
Colposcopy
 Definition
Visual examination of the vagina and cervix
Term
Mammography
 Definition
X-ray examination of the breast
Term
Obstetrics
 Definition
Branch of medicine dealing with pregnancy and childbirth
Term
Obstetrician
 Definition
Physician who specializes in pregnancy and childbirth
Term
Prenatal
 Definition
Before birth
Term
Postnatal (postpartum)
 Definition
After birth
Term
Gravida
 Definition
Pregnant woman
Term
Primigravida
 Definition
Woman pregnant for the first time
Term
Multigravida
 Definition
Woman who has been pregnant more than once
Term
Para
 Definition
Number of births
Term
Nullipara
 Definition
Woman who has never given birth
Term
Cesarean section (C-section)
 Definition
Surgical delivery of baby through abdominal incision
Term
Episiotomy
 Definition
Surgical incision of the perineum during childbirth
Term
Amniocentesis
 Definition
Surgical puncture to remove amniotic fluid for testing
Term
Placenta previa
 Definition
Condition where placenta covers cervix
Term
Eclampsia
 Definition
Serious pregnancy complication with seizures
Term
Preeclampsia
 Definition
Pregnancy complication with high blood pressure
Term
Cardiology
 Definition
Study of the heart
Term
Cardiologist
 Definition
Specialist who treats heart disorders
Term
Heart
 Definition
Muscular organ that pumps blood
Term
Atrium
 Definition
Upper chamber of the heart
Term
Ventricle
 Definition
Lower chamber of the heart
Term
Myocardium
 Definition
Heart muscle
Term
Endocardium
 Definition
Inner lining of the heart
Term
Pericardium
 Definition
Membrane surrounding the heart
Term
Artery
 Definition
Blood vessel carrying blood away from heart
Term
Vein
 Definition
Blood vessel carrying blood toward heart
Term
Capillary
 Definition
Smallest blood vessel where gas exchange occurs
Term
Aorta
 Definition
Largest artery in the body
Term
Pulmonary artery
 Definition
Artery carrying blood from heart to lungs
Term
Pulmonary vein
 Definition
Vein carrying blood from lungs to heart
Term
Myocardial infarction (MI)
 Definition
Heart attack
Term
Angina pectoris
 Definition
Chest pain due to reduced blood flow to heart
Term
Arrhythmia
 Definition
Irregular heart rhythm
Term
Bradycardia
 Definition
Slow heart rate
Term
Tachycardia
 Definition
Rapid heart rate
Term
Hypertension
 Definition
High blood pressure
Term
Hypotension
 Definition
Low blood pressure
Term
Atherosclerosis
 Definition
Hardening of arteries due to plaque buildup
Term
Arteriosclerosis
 Definition
Hardening and thickening of arterial walls
Term
Thrombosis
 Definition
Formation of a blood clot
Term
Embolism
 Definition
Blockage of blood vessel by a clot or debris
Term
Aneurysm
 Definition
Abnormal bulging of blood vessel wall
Term
Varicose veins
 Definition
Enlarged, twisted veins
Term
Phlebitis
 Definition
Inflammation of a vein
Term
Endocarditis
 Definition
Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
Term
Myocarditis
 Definition
Inflammation of the heart muscle
Term
Pericarditis
 Definition
Inflammation of the pericardium
Term
Cardiomegaly
 Definition
Enlargement of the heart
Term
Cardiomyopathy
 Definition
Disease of the heart muscle
Term
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
 Definition
Condition where heart cannot pump blood effectively
Term
Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)
 Definition
Record of electrical activity of the heart
Term
Echocardiogram
 Definition
Ultrasound of the heart
Term
Angiography
 Definition
X-ray of blood vessels
Term
Angioplasty
 Definition
Surgical repair of a blood vessel
Term
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
 Definition
Surgery to bypass blocked coronary arteries
Term
Hematology
 Definition
Study of blood
Term
Hematologist
 Definition
Specialist who treats blood disorders
Term
Erythrocyte
 Definition
Red blood cell
Term
Leukocyte
 Definition
White blood cell
Term
Platelet (thrombocyte)
 Definition
Cell fragment involved in blood clotting
Term
Plasma
 Definition
Liquid portion of blood
Term
Hemoglobin
 Definition
Protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen
Term
Anemia
 Definition
Deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin
Term
Leukemia
 Definition
Cancer of white blood cells
Term
Leukopenia
 Definition
Deficiency of white blood cells
Term
Leukocytosis
 Definition
Excessive white blood cells
Term
Thrombocytopenia
 Definition
Deficiency of platelets
Term
Hemophilia
 Definition
Hereditary bleeding disorder
Term
Coagulation
 Definition
Blood clotting
Term
Anticoagulant
 Definition
Substance that prevents blood clotting
Term
Hemorrhage
 Definition
Excessive bleeding
Term
Hematoma
 Definition
Collection of blood outside blood vessels
Term
Hemolysis
 Definition
Destruction of red blood cells
Term
Lymph
 Definition
Clear fluid containing white blood cells
Term
Lymph node
 Definition
Small structure that filters lymph
Term
Lymphatic vessel
 Definition
Vessel that carries lymph
Term
Spleen
 Definition
Organ that filters blood and removes old red blood cells
Term
Thymus
 Definition
Gland that produces T-cells
Term
Lymphadenopathy
 Definition
Disease of lymph nodes
Term
Lymphadenitis
 Definition
Inflammation of lymph nodes
Term
Splenomegaly
 Definition
Enlargement of the spleen
Term
Splenectomy
 Definition
Surgical removal of the spleen
Term
Lymphoma
 Definition
Cancer of lymphatic tissue
Term
Immunology
 Definition
Study of the immune system
Term
Antigen
 Definition
Substance that triggers immune response
Term
Antibody
 Definition
Protein that fights antigens
Term
Immunity
 Definition
Resistance to disease
Term
Immunodeficiency
 Definition
Deficiency in immune system
Term
Gastroenterology
 Definition
Study of stomach and intestines
Term
Gastroenterologist
 Definition
Specialist who treats digestive disorders
Term
Esophagus
 Definition
Tube connecting mouth to stomach
Term
Stomach
 Definition
Organ that digests food
Term
Small intestine
 Definition
Organ where most digestion and absorption occurs
Term
Duodenum
 Definition
First part of small intestine
Term
Jejunum
 Definition
Middle part of small intestine
Term
Ileum
 Definition
Last part of small intestine
Term
Large intestine (colon)
 Definition
Organ that absorbs water and forms feces
Term
Cecum
 Definition
Beginning of large intestine
Term
Appendix
 Definition
Small pouch attached to cecum
Term
Rectum
 Definition
Last part of large intestine
Term
Anus
 Definition
Opening at end of digestive tract
Term
Liver
 Definition
Largest internal organ, produces bile
Term
Gallbladder
 Definition
Organ that stores bile
Term
Pancreas
 Definition
Organ that produces digestive enzymes and insulin
Term
Gastritis
 Definition
Inflammation of the stomach
Term
Gastroenteritis
 Definition
Inflammation of stomach and intestines
Term
Esophagitis
 Definition
Inflammation of the esophagus
Term
Colitis
 Definition
Inflammation of the colon
Term
Appendicitis
 Definition
Inflammation of the appendix
Term
Hepatitis
 Definition
Inflammation of the liver
Term
Cholecystitis
 Definition
Inflammation of the gallbladder
Term
Pancreatitis
 Definition
Inflammation of the pancreas
Term
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
 Definition
Chronic acid reflux
Term
Peptic ulcer
 Definition
Sore in stomach or duodenum lining
Term
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
 Definition
Chronic inflammation of digestive tract
Term
Diverticulitis
 Definition
Inflammation of diverticula in colon
Term
Cirrhosis
 Definition
Chronic liver disease with scarring
Term
Jaundice
 Definition
Yellowing of skin and eyes due to liver disease
Term
Dysphagia
 Definition
Difficulty swallowing
Term
Dyspepsia
 Definition
Indigestion
Term
Diarrhea
 Definition
Loose, watery stools
Term
Constipation
 Definition
Difficulty passing stools
Term
Nausea
 Definition
Feeling of needing to vomit
Term
Vomiting (emesis)
 Definition
Forceful expulsion of stomach contents
Term
Gastroscopy
 Definition
Visual examination of the stomach
Term
Colonoscopy
 Definition
Visual examination of the colon
Term
Endoscopy
 Definition
Visual examination using an endoscope
Term
Gastrectomy
 Definition
Surgical removal of stomach
Term
Colectomy
 Definition
Surgical removal of colon
Term
Appendectomy
 Definition
Surgical removal of appendix
Term
Cholecystectomy
 Definition
Surgical removal of gallbladder
Term
Colostomy
 Definition
Creation of opening from colon to abdominal wall
Term
Ileostomy
 Definition
Creation of opening from ileum to abdominal wall
Term
Orthopedics
 Definition
Study of musculoskeletal system
Term
Orthopedist
 Definition
Specialist who treats bone and joint disorders
Term
Bone
 Definition
Hard connective tissue that forms skeleton
Term
Cartilage
 Definition
Flexible connective tissue
Term
Joint (articulation)
 Definition
Where two bones meet
Term
Ligament
 Definition
Connects bone to bone
Term
Osteoporosis
 Definition
Condition of porous, weak bones
Term
Osteoarthritis
 Definition
Degenerative joint disease
Term
Rheumatoid arthritis
 Definition
Autoimmune disease causing joint inflammation
Term
Arthralgia
 Definition
Joint pain
Term
Osteomyelitis
 Definition
Infection of bone
Term
Fracture
 Definition
Break in a bone
Term
Sprain
 Definition
Injury to ligament
Term
Dislocation
 Definition
Displacement of bone from joint
Term
Scoliosis
 Definition
Abnormal lateral curvature of spine
Term
Kyphosis
 Definition
Abnormal posterior curvature of spine
Term
Lordosis
 Definition
Abnormal anterior curvature of spine
Term
Osteotomy
 Definition
Surgical cutting of bone
Term
Arthroscopy
 Definition
Visual examination of a joint
Term
Arthroplasty
 Definition
Surgical repair of a joint
Term
Arthrocentesis
 Definition
Surgical puncture to remove fluid from joint
Term
Vertebra
 Definition
Bone of the spinal column
Term
Cranium
 Definition
Skull
Term
Sternum
 Definition
Breastbone
Term
Rib
 Definition
Curved bone of chest
Term
Femur
 Definition
Thighbone
Term
Tibia
 Definition
Shinbone
Term
Fibula
 Definition
Smaller bone of lower leg
Term
Humerus
 Definition
Upper arm bone
Term
Radius
 Definition
Lateral bone of forearm
Term
Ulna
 Definition
Medial bone of forearm
Term
Patella
 Definition
Kneecap
Term
Muscle
 Definition
Tissue that contracts to produce movement
Term
Skeletal muscle
 Definition
Voluntary muscle attached to bones
Term
Smooth muscle
 Definition
Involuntary muscle in organs
Term
Cardiac muscle
 Definition
Involuntary muscle of the heart
Term
Tendon
 Definition
Connects muscle to bone
Term
Myalgia
 Definition
Muscle pain
Term
Myasthenia
 Definition
Muscle weakness
Term
Myositis
 Definition
Inflammation of muscle
Term
Muscular dystrophy
 Definition
Genetic disorder causing muscle weakness
Term
Atrophy
 Definition
Wasting away of muscle
Term
Hypertrophy
 Definition
Enlargement of muscle
Term
Strain
 Definition
Injury to muscle or tendon
Term
Cramp
 Definition
Sudden, involuntary muscle contraction
Term
Tendinitis
 Definition
Inflammation of a tendon
Term
Fibromyalgia
 Definition
Chronic condition causing widespread muscle pain
Term
Electromyography (EMG)
 Definition
Test of muscle electrical activity
Term
Neurology
 Definition
Study of the nervous system
Term
Neurologist
 Definition
Specialist who treats nervous system disorders
Term
Neuron
 Definition
Nerve cell
Term
Synapse
 Definition
Junction between neurons
Term
Neurotransmitter
 Definition
Chemical that transmits nerve signals
Term
Brain
 Definition
Organ that controls body functions
Term
Cerebrum
 Definition
Largest part of brain
Term
Cerebellum
 Definition
Part of brain that coordinates movement
Term
Brainstem
 Definition
Part of brain connecting to spinal cord
Term
Meninges
 Definition
Membranes covering brain and spinal cord
Term
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
 Definition
Fluid surrounding brain and spinal cord
Term
Spinal cord
 Definition
Bundle of nerves in vertebral column
Term
Peripheral nerve
 Definition
Nerve outside brain and spinal cord
Term
Meningitis
 Definition
Inflammation of the meninges
Term
Encephalitis
 Definition
Inflammation of the brain
Term
Neuritis
 Definition
Inflammation of a nerve
Term
Neuropathy
 Definition
Disease of peripheral nerves
Term
Epilepsy
 Definition
Disorder characterized by seizures
Term
Seizure
 Definition
Sudden, abnormal electrical activity in brain
Term
Stroke (cerebrovascular accident)
 Definition
Sudden loss of brain function due to lack of blood flow
Term
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
 Definition
Temporary stroke symptoms
Term
Parkinson's disease
 Definition
Progressive neurological disorder affecting movement
Term
Alzheimer's disease
 Definition
Progressive dementia
Term
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
 Definition
Autoimmune disease affecting myelin
Term
Paralysis
 Definition
Loss of muscle function
Term
Hemiplegia
 Definition
Paralysis of one side of body
Term
Paraplegia
 Definition
Paralysis of lower body and legs
Term
Quadriplegia (tetraplegia)
 Definition
Paralysis of all four limbs
Term
Neuralgia
 Definition
Nerve pain
Term
Sciatica
 Definition
Pain along sciatic nerve
Term
Migraine
 Definition
Severe headache
Term
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
 Definition
Record of brain electrical activity
Term
Lumbar puncture (spinal tap)
 Definition
Procedure to obtain cerebrospinal fluid
Term
Craniotomy
 Definition
Surgical opening into the skull
Term
Endocrinology
 Definition
Study of endocrine system
Term
Endocrinologist
 Definition
Specialist who treats hormone disorders
Term
Hormone
 Definition
Chemical messenger produced by endocrine glands
Term
Pituitary gland
 Definition
Master gland in brain that controls other glands
Term
Thyroid gland
 Definition
Gland in neck that regulates metabolism
Term
Parathyroid glands
 Definition
Small glands that regulate calcium
Term
Adrenal glands
 Definition
Glands on kidneys that produce stress hormones
Term
Pancreas
 Definition
Gland that produces insulin
Term
Pineal gland
 Definition
Gland that produces melatonin
Term
Thymus
 Definition
Gland that produces T-cells
Term
Ovaries
 Definition
Female glands producing eggs and hormones
Term
Testes
 Definition
Male glands producing sperm and testosterone
Term
Diabetes mellitus
 Definition
Disorder of blood sugar regulation
Term
Type 1 diabetes
 Definition
Autoimmune disease destroying insulin-producing cells
Term
Type 2 diabetes
 Definition
Condition of insulin resistance
Term
Hyperthyroidism
 Definition
Overactive thyroid
Term
Hypothyroidism
 Definition
Underactive thyroid
Term
Goiter
 Definition
Enlargement of thyroid gland
Term
Hyperglycemia
 Definition
High blood sugar
Term
Hypoglycemia
 Definition
Low blood sugar
Term
Insulin
 Definition
Hormone that lowers blood glucose
Term
Glucagon
 Definition
Hormone that raises blood glucose
Term
Cushing's syndrome
 Definition
Condition of excess cortisol
Term
Addison's disease
 Definition
Condition of insufficient adrenal hormones
Term
Ophthalmology
 Definition
Study of the eye
Term
Ophthalmologist
 Definition
Specialist who treats eye disorders
Term
Optometry
 Definition
Healthcare profession for eye and vision care
Term
Optometrist
 Definition
Healthcare professional who examines eyes and prescribes corrective lenses
Term
Cornea
 Definition
Clear front part of eye
Term
Iris
 Definition
Colored part of eye
Term
Pupil
 Definition
Opening in center of iris
Term
Lens
 Definition
Structure that focuses light
Term
Retina
 Definition
Light-sensitive layer at back of eye
Term
Optic nerve
 Definition
Nerve transmitting visual information to brain
Term
Conjunctiva
 Definition
Membrane covering white of eye
Term
Sclera
 Definition
White outer layer of eye
Term
Conjunctivitis
 Definition
Inflammation of conjunctiva (pink eye)
Term
Blepharitis
 Definition
Inflammation of eyelids
Term
Keratitis
 Definition
Inflammation of cornea
Term
Glaucoma
 Definition
Condition of increased pressure in eye
Term
Cataract
 Definition
Clouding of the lens
Term
Macular degeneration
 Definition
Deterioration of central retina
Term
Retinopathy
 Definition
Disease of the retina
Term
Myopia
 Definition
Nearsightedness
Term
Hyperopia
 Definition
Farsightedness
Term
Astigmatism
 Definition
Irregular curvature of cornea or lens
Term
Presbyopia
 Definition
Age-related loss of focusing ability
Term
Diplopia
 Definition
Double vision
Term
Amblyopia
 Definition
Lazy eye
Term
Otology
 Definition
Study of the ear
Term
Otologist
 Definition
Specialist who treats ear disorders
Term
External ear
 Definition
Outer part of ear including ear canal
Term
Middle ear
 Definition
Contains eardrum and ossicles
Term
Inner ear
 Definition
Contains cochlea and semicircular canals
Term
Tympanic membrane
 Definition
Eardrum
Term
Cochlea
 Definition
Spiral structure for hearing
Term
Otitis media
 Definition
Inflammation of middle ear
Term
Otitis externa
 Definition
Inflammation of external ear
Term
Tinnitus
 Definition
Ringing in the ears
Term
Vertigo
 Definition
Sensation of spinning
Term
Hearing loss
 Definition
Reduced ability to hear
Term
Deafness
 Definition
Inability to hear
Term
Audiometry
 Definition
Test of hearing
Term
Otoscopy
 Definition
Visual examination of the ear
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