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| surgical fixation, fusion |
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| surgical excision, removal |
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| instrument used for viewing |
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| in the procedure known as ___, excess fluids are aspirated, or withdrawn by suction, through a surgical punture into the synovial joint or cavity |
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| surgical repair of cartilage associated with a joint is known as ___ |
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| a surgery involving the removal of a rib is known as ___ |
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| when one or more bones of the cranium undergo repair during surgery, the procedure is called ___ |
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| in order to perform surgery of the brain, a ___ is required, during which the surgeon enters the cranial cavity |
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| flank, hip, groin, ilium of the pelvis |
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| haunch, hip joint, ischium |
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| the skeletal and muscular systems are combined to form the ___ system |
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| the bones and muscles work together to support the body and produce body ___ |
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| each ___ is an organ also, composed maily of skeletal muscle tissue and connective tissue |
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| as a muscle shortens in length by contraction, it pulls on the tendons connecting it to ___ to produce body movement |
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| the branch of medicine focusing on diseases of the skeltal and muscular systems is known as ___ |
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| a physician specializing in orthopedics is called a ___ |
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| bad, abnormal, painful, difficult |
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| excessive, abnormally high, above |
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| joint pain, that is often the first symptom of joint or bone disease, also common complaint following injury to a joint, this is called ____ |
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| ___, is the inability to coordinate muscles during a voluntary activity, it is a sign of nervous system disorder that is often inherited |
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| a sign of reduced muscle size is known as ___ |
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| an abnormally slow movement is a clinical sign of an underlying bone, muscle, or nervous disorder, known as ____ |
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| the abnormal reduction of calcium in bone is a clinical sign known as ___, which is often caused by a hormonal disorder upsetting the calcium balance between the bloodstream and bone. |
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| difficulty in movement is a common sign of a musculoskeletal disorder and is termed ___ |
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| a general term to describe a deformity arising during development is ___ |
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| the sign of excessive muscle growth or development is known as ___ |
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| because lactic acid causes muscle pain, a common symptom of strenuous exercise is ___ |
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| tendon pain, or ___, is a common symptom of weekend athletes |
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| upon, over, above, on top |
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| hernia, swelling, protrusion |
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| a disease that causes dwarfism is ___ |
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| in a disease that literally means condition of crooked, ___, joints are abnormally stiff, and movement is difficult |
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| the general disorder resulting in inflammation and degeneration of a joint is known as ___. literally means joint inflammation. |
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| in the joint disease ___, the articular cartialge within synovial joints undergoes inflammation, resulting in joint pain during movments. it is usually a temporary condition caused by a localized infection. |
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| a ___ is an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the big toe. it is caused by an inflammation of a bursa near the big toe. |
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| the inflammation of a bursa is known as ___ |
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| a calcium deposit within a bursa of the foot is known as a ___, diagnosis is confirmed with an x-ray and is typically surgically removed. |
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| ___ is characterized by inflammation of the wrist that causes pressure against the median nerve, resulting in local pain and restricted movement |
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| also known as wrist drop, the condition of ___ is a weakness of the wrist resulting in difficulty supporting the hand |
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| prolonged, involuntary muscular contractions cause pain wherever they occur, often striking the stomach wall or thigh muscles after strenuous exercise. the painful contractions are called ___ |
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| a general term describing a disease of joints in which the cartilage undergoes degeneration is called ____ |
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| degenerative joint disease |
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| the rupture of an intervertebral disk is called ___. it causes pressure against spinal nerves or the spinal cord to produce back pain and is regarded as the most common musculoskeletal disease. it is often a back injury often caused by sudden movement or an attempt to lift a heavy object. |
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| the three primary spinal deformities are ___ ___ and ___ |
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Definition
| kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis |
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| a ___ occurs when the upper thoracic curve bends posteriorly, causing an abnormal hump in the upper back that often accompanies osteoporosis |
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| a ___ is an exaggerated anterior spinal curve in the lumbar area |
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| a ___ is a lateral curvature of the spine with a congenital origin, usually in the thoracic or lumbar regions |
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| the congenital disease called ___ results in excessive cartilage formation at the epiphyseal plates, forming abnormally long limbs and a tall thin body form. this disease causes heart valves to be deformed resulting in valvular heart disease. |
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| inflammation of a meniscus results in joint pain and is called ___ |
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| ___ is characterized by a progressive failure of muscles to respond to nerve stimulation |
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| the red bone marrow is the site of blood cell formation. a malignant tumor arising from this tissue is known as ___ |
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| an injury to a muscle may cause the muscle to tear through the fascia, causing a protrusion, this condition is known as a ___ |
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| a common result of muscle injury is a local inflammation known as ___ |
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| when injured or exposed to infection, bone tissue often responds with inflammation, this bone inflammation is called ___ |
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| also called paget's disease, ___ results in bone deformities due to a failure of bone remodeling, which is a balance between bone loss and bone deposition |
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| an ___ is a bone cancer arising from connective tissue, usually within the bone itself |
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| a second form of malignant bone cancer arisis from the cell of the red bone marrow and is called ___ |
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| an inherited disease resulting in impaired bone growth and fragile bones is known as ____ |
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| a disease resulting in the softening of bones is generally known as ____ |
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| inflammation of the red bone marrow is a painful disease known as ___ |
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| the abnormal loss of bone density is a common result of aging, especially among postmenopausal women. the condition is called ___ and results in a loss of posture and flexibility. |
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| one form of paralysis is ___, in which there is a loss of sensation or voluntary movment of the area of the body below the hips, including both legs |
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| in another form of paralysis, all four limbs are without sensation or voluntary movement and is called ___ |
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| the term ___ means inflammation of many muscles. it is a condition caused by bacterial infection in which a group of muscles become infected and react with inflammation. |
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| in the disease ___, the bones become softened due to the excessive removal of calcium for other body functions, it is caused by a lack of calcium and/or vitamin D in the diet. it is a disease of childhood, resulting in bowing of the legs and growth retardation. |
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| a trauma to the shoulder can tear one or more tendons and muscles, resulting in a ___ that can cause local inflammation, pain, and joint dislocation |
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| a trauma to the vertebral column may result in ___, which if sever can cause paralysis of areas of the body below the vertebral level of the injury |
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| ___ means inflammation of joints of vertebrae and is a relatively uncommon condition of intervertebral joints that leads to a gradual inability to flex and bend the back |
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| a ___ is a tear of collagen fibers within a ligament, it is usually caused by stretching the ligament beyond its normal range without warming or slow stretching |
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| similar to a sprain, but involving a muscle, a ___ usually is caused by stretching a muscle beyond its normal range. it often causes a bruise due to the tearing of muscle tissue and capillary damage. |
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| a disease of the tempromandibular joint is known as ___ and results in frequent dislocation that make it difficult that make it difficult and painful to move the jaw during speaking and chewing |
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| inflammation of a tendon is a common sports injury and is known as ___ |
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| a form of tendonitis that also invovles inflammation of the synovial membrane surrounding the joint is known as ___ |
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| a surgical procedure that is used frequently to reduce the pain of a herniated disk by surgically removing the intervertebral disk is a ___ |
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| a diskectomy may also be called a __ when the adjacent vertebrae are fused together following the removal of the disk |
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| an alternate term for spinal fusion is ___ |
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| also performed to treat a herniated disk is a ___, during which the part of a vertebra known as the lamina is surgically removed to relieve pressure on the spinal cord |
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| the strength of a muscle contraction can be measured and recorded by a procedure called ____ |
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| a surgical incision into the connective tissue sheath surrounding a muscle, called fascia, is known as a ___ |
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| orthopedic surgeons, or orthopedists, treat fractures by aligning the broken bones to their normal positions in a procedure known as ___ |
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| manipulating the bone without surgery during reduction is known as ____ |
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Definition
| closed fracture reduction |
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| if surgical intervention is needed to align the broken area, the procedure is called ____ |
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Definition
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| during open fracture reduction; pins, screws, rods, or plates may be used to stabilize the alignment, known as ___ |
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| in ___, metal rods and pins are attached from outside the skin surface. |
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| if the normal healing process is impeded, ___ or ___ may be applied to stimulate the healing process |
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| bone grafting; electrical bone stimulation |
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| during a ___, a muscle undergoes surgical repair |
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Definition
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| the myoplasty repair often includes suturing the torn ends together in the procedure known as ___ |
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| the most common pharmacological treatment for any condition, including inflammation or pain of muscle or bone tissue, is the use of ____ |
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| nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) |
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| germ, bud, developing cell |
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| as ___ courses through organs, it performs its primary function of transport. its components include red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma |
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| ___ carries the components of immunity such as white blood cells and the products they use to fight infection |
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| the primary function of blood is the ___ of substances throughout the body. |
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| the primary function of the lymphatic system is ___ from infectious disease. it also recycles fluids from the extracellular environment to the bloodstream. |
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| because blood can be conveniently removed from a blood vessel and analyzed, it is an important avenue for testing body chemistry as well as blood cells during a ___ evaluation |
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| the general field of medicine focusing on blood-related disease is known as ___ |
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| a physicial specializing in the treatment of disease associated with blood is called a ___ or ___ |
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| hematologist; hematopathologist |
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| the lymphatic system has dual function: the filtering and recycling of fluid to the bloodstream and the battle against ___ |
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| in fact, metastasizing cancer cells often use the low-pressure current of the __ to travel from one area of the body to another |
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| the term ___ refers to the body's ability to defend against infection and includes a variety of mechanisms |
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| abnormal reduction in number, deficiency |
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| the presence of red blood cells of unequal size in a sample of blood is an abnormal finding. it is a sign known as ___ |
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| the presence of bacteria in a sample of blood is a sign of an infection and is called ___ |
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| ___ is an abnormally reduced number of red blood cells in a sample of blood. |
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| the rupture of the red blood cell membrane is called ___ |
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| the abnormal loss of blood from the circulation is a sign of trauma or illness and is called ____ |
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| an abnormally reduced number of white blood cells in a sample of blood is a sign of disease called ___. |
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| the presence of abnormally large red blood cells in a sample of blood is a sign of disease and is called ___ |
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| the presence of tear-shaped red blood cells in a sample of blood is called ___ |
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| ___ is an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood and may also be called ___ |
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Definition
| polycythemia; erythrocytosis |
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| abnormal enlargement of the spleen is a symptom of injury or infection and is called ___ |
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Definition
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| an abnormally reduced number of platelets in a sample of blood is a symptom of disease called ___; also called ___ |
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| thrombopenia; thrombocytopenia |
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| the presence of toxins in the bloodstream is a symptom known as ___ |
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| putrefying; wall or partition |
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| staphylococcus (bacterium) |
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| streptococc/o (bacterium) |
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| pertaining to abnormal discharge |
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| ___ is a devestating disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which disables the immune response by destroying important white blood cells known as helper T cells. |
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| an ___ is the body's immune response to allergens, which are foreign substances that produce a reaction including immediate inflammation |
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| an allergy may strike in different forms, the most common of which are ___, which affects the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and throat, and ___, which affects the skin where it has been in physical contact with the allergen |
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Definition
| allergic rhinitis (hay fever); allergic dermatitis |
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| an immediate reaction to a foreign substance that includes rapid inflammation, vasodilation, bronchospasms, and spasms of the GI tract is called ___ |
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| ___ is the reduced ability of red blood cells to deliver oxygen to tissues |
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| ___ in which the red bone marrow fails to produce sufficient numbers of normal blood cells |
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| ___, caused by a lack of available iron, resulting in the body's inability to make adequate amounts of hemoglobin |
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Definition
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| ___ in which the hemoglobin is defective within cells, resulting in misshaped red blood cells that cause obstructions in blood vessels |
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| ___ is caused by a failure to acquire vitamin B12 into the bloodstream for its delivery to red bone marrow, which requires it in order to produce new red blood cells |
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Definition
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| a disease that is caused by a person's own immune response attacking otherwise healthy tissues is called ___ |
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Definition
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| examples of ___ include rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis |
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Definition
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| one lethal form of food borne illness is called ___; it is caused by the ingestion of food contaminated with the neurotoxin produced by the bacterium clostridium botulinum. It usually occurs when canned food is not prepared properly and is often fatal due to the extreme toxic nature of the botulism neurotoxin |
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| a disease that is capable of transmission from one person to another is called a ___; also known as a ___ |
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Definition
| communicable disease; contagious disease |
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| ___ is an infectious disease resulting in acute inflammation of the mucous membranes, primarily in the mouth and throat. It is characterized by the formation of an obstructive, leatherlike membrane in the throat. |
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| ___ is any abnormal condition of the blood |
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| the leakage of fluid from the bloodstream into the interstitial space between body cells causes swelling and is one aspect of inflammation. The swelling is called ___ |
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Definition
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|
