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| upon, over, above, on top |
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| surgical excision, removal |
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| instrument used for viewing |
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| measure, measuring instrument |
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| a closure or the absence of a normal body opening |
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| hernia, swelling, or protrusion |
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| deficiency or abnormal reduction in number |
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| sudden, involuntary muscle contraction |
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| six suffixes that mean "pertaining to" |
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| -ac -al -ar -ary -ic -ous |
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| surgical fixation or fusion |
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| surgical excision or removal |
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| an instrument for recording |
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| measure, measuring instrument |
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| measurement, process of measuring |
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| surgical fixation, suspension |
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| surgical creation of an opening |
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| excessive, abnormally high, above |
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| deficient, abnormally low, below |
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| with, together, or jointly |
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| pertaining to two focal points |
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| many, more than once, or numerous |
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| upon, over, above, or on top |
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| pertaining to not having symptoms |
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| condition of slowing movement |
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| bad, abnormal, painful, or difficult |
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| excessive, abnormally high, or above |
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| deficient, abnormally low, or below |
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| through, across, or beyond |
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| ___ literally means the "process of cutting up." today we use the term to describe the study of the body structure |
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| ___ literally means study of nature, refers to the study of the nature of living things and it is concerned with body functions. |
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| the process of maintaining internal stability is a central concept of human ____ and is called ___ |
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| the simplest building block of the body is known as the ___ |
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| atoms may bind together to form ___ |
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| molecules in turn combine to form large, nonliving structures such as parts of cells called _____ |
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| organelles are assembled to form the next level of complexity, the ___ |
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| the ___ is the most basic form of life in the body |
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| cells may be arranged into similar groups to form the next level, the ____ |
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| four main categories of tissues: |
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| epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue |
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| two or more different tissues combine to form an ____ |
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| a group of organs sharing a general function is called a ___ |
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| there are ___ systems of the body |
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| give the building blocks of the body in order |
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| atoms -> molecules -> organelles -> cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ systems -> organism |
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| give the 11 systems of the body |
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Definition
1. cardiovascular
2. lymphatic
3. respiratory
4. digestive
5. urinary
6. female reproductive
7. male reproductive
8. nervous
9. endocrine
10. musculoskeletal
11. integumentary |
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| ___: transport substances to and from the body |
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| ___: remove unwanted substances and recycle fluid to the blood |
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| ___: exchange gases between the external environment and blood |
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| ___: prepare foods for absorption into the bloodstream, and eliminate solid wastes from the body |
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| ____: remove nitrogenous wastes and excess water and salts from the bloodstream |
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| ___: provide for creation of new individuals for females |
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| ___: provides for creation of new individuals in males |
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| ___: control homeostasis by sensing changes in the environment, processing information, and initiating body responses. |
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| ___: control homeostasis by releasing hormones into the bloodstream, which alter body functions |
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| ___: muscles produce movement of body parts; bones and joints support and protect soft body parts, allow movement by forming attachments to muscles, store minerals, and form blood cells |
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| ___: protect body from fluid loss, injury, and infection |
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| toward the head end or upper part of the body |
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| away from the head end or toward the lower part of the body |
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| toward the front or belly side |
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| toward the midline, which is an imaginary vertical line down the middle of the body |
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| external, toward the body surface |
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| internal, inward from the surface of the body |
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| toward the origin of attachment to the trunk |
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| away from the origin of attachment to the trunk |
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| there are ____ major anatomical planes |
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| a ___ is a vertical plane passing through the body from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions |
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| a ___ is a vertical plane dividing the body into right and left portions |
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| a sagittal plane dividing dividing the body down the center into equal portions is called ____, and one dividing the body into unequal portions is known as ____ |
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| midsagittal; parasagittal |
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| a ___ is a horizontal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior portions |
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| head, neck, upper appendages, trunk, lower appendages |
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| anterior neck, posterior neck |
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| subdivisions of upper appendages |
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| shoulder, axilla (armpit), brachium (upper arm), elbow, antebrachium (forearm), carpus (wrist), manus (hand), digits (fingers) |
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| thorax, abdomen, pelvis, back |
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| subdivisions of lower appendages |
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| gluteus, femorus, knee, crus, tarsus, pes, digits |
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| below the cartilage of the ribs |
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| pertaining to the hip or groin |
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| the ___ are the head, arms, and legs |
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| the spaces are called ___, and their internal contents are known as ___ |
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| the ___ are membrane lined spaces filled with viscera |
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| the two main cavities are the ___ and ___ |
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| dorsal cavity and ventral cavity |
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| the ___ includes the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity |
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| the ___ in the anterior part of the body is much larger than the dorsal cavity |
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| a muscular partition called the ___ divides the ventral cavity into an upper and lower cavity. |
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| the cavity that is superior to the diaphragm is the ___, and the cavity inferior to the diaphragm is the ___ |
|
Definition
| thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity |
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| the thoracic cavity lies within the ___, and the abdominopelvic cavity lies within the ____ areas |
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| chest; abdominal and pelvic |
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| the ___ lies along the midline of the thoracic cavity. the other cavities within the thoracic cavity are the two ____ |
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| pericardial cavity; pleural cavities |
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| the ___ contains the heart, the large blood vessels located above the heart, and a gland called the thymus gland. It is part of the thoracic cavity and lies along the midline and is deep to the breastbone. |
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| the abdominopelvic cavity contains an upper and lower area. The upper area is the ___, which contains the liver, stomach, pancreas, spleen, and most of the small and large intestines. at the level of the iliac crest, the ___ begins and continues to the base of the abdominopelvic cavity. |
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| abdominal cavity; pelvic cavity. |
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| when body functions fail to maintain ____, a condition of instability results that is called ____ |
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| in general, the term ___ refers to a state of the body in which homeostasis has faltered due to any cause. |
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| the study of disease is a field of medicine called ____ |
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| identification of an illness is called a ___ |
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| experiences of the patient resulting from a disease are called ___ |
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| a ___ is a finding than can be discovered by objective examination. Ex. Thermometer inserted into mouth or ear canal can indicate a fever. |
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Definition
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| a clinical term for fever is ____ |
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| the term ___ describes a disease of short duration, often with a sharp or severe effect. |
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| a head cold is usually an ___ disease because of its short duration |
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| the medical term for a head cold is ___ |
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| a term frequently used to describe diseases that are of long duration is ___ |
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| chronic is derived from ____ |
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| the greek word for time kronos |
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| an example of a ___ disease is the skin condition psoriasis, which lasts a lifetime |
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| diseases may also be classified on the basis of their ____ |
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| one of the most common forms of disease is ___, in which parasitic organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi attack body cells. |
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| the presence of infection results in the development of _____ |
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| disease may also be caused by physical injury or ____ |
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| a fractured bone is a type of ____ |
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Definition
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| disease resulting from trauma is called ____ |
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| once a reliable diagnosis is made, the healthcare professional may predict the probable course of the disease and its probable outcome. this prediction is called a ___ |
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| similar to the term diagnosis, prognosis is made of the word parts pro-, which means ___, and -gnosis, which means ____ |
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| instruments are able to observe the internal structure and functions of the body without the need for open surgical procedures. These noninvasive procedures are called _____. |
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Definition
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| the five major types of diagnostic imaging are: |
|
Definition
| endoscopy, CT scan, PET scan, MRI, and ultrasound |
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Term
| the use of a long flexible tube that can be inserted into a patient is called ____ |
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Definition
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| a ___ is a diagnostic procedure that combines multiple x rays and computer enhancement to produce 3d images of internal body structures. |
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Definition
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| the term CT scan stands for ____ |
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Definition
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| a ___ is a procedure that detects the journey of a radioactive labeled substance, such as glucose, through the body |
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Definition
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| as a result, the ___ reveals areas of the body that have an unusually high metabolic rate, such as tumors. |
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Definition
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| the term PET is an acronym for, ____ |
|
Definition
| positron emission tomography |
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Term
| among all the diagnostic imaging techniques available, the ___ offers the clearest, most complete images of internal anatomy. It is an acronym for ____. |
|
Definition
| MRI; magnetic resonance imaging |
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Term
| the ___ can be used to diagnose many forms of cancer, joint disease, and trauma |
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Definition
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Term
| ___, or ___, involves the pulsation of harmless sound waves through a body region. |
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Definition
| ultrasound imaging; sonography |
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Term
| because of its harmless nature, ___ has proven useful in prenatal care by providing an early glimpse of the developing fetus in the uterus. |
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| the ___ system forms the entire surface of the body. It is dominated by the largest organ of the body, the ___. |
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| the skin is composed of two distinct layer: an inner, deep layer composed of connective tissue known as the ___, and an outer layer of epithelium called the ____ |
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Definition
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| the term ___ means skin, while ___ means on top of skin |
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Definition
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| the ___ system also includes smaller accessory organs embedded within the skin, such as hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and sensory receptors |
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Definition
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| the primary function of the integumentary system is ____ |
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Definition
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| in addition, the sweat glands, blood vessels, and a layer of fat help the skin to _____; while receptors in your skin provide the ability to detect changes in the environment, giving the skin the added function of ____ |
|
Definition
| regulate internal body temperature; sensation |
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Term
| the medical field that specializes in the health and disease of the integumentary system is known as ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| a common injury to the skin caused by scraping produces a superficial wound called an ____ |
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Definition
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| an ___ is a localized elevation of the skin containing a cavity, which is a sign of a local infection |
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Definition
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Term
| the abscessed cavity contains a mixture of bacteria, white blood cells, damaged tissue, and fluids collectively known as ____ and surrounded by ____ |
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| ____ is a local uneven surface of the skin and is a sign of subcutaneous fat deposition |
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| if a wound is too large for the epidermal cells to close the breakage, additional protein fibers will be produced to seal the wound, in this case the wound becomes closed by the formation of ____ |
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| a clinical term for scar is ____; which is a Latin word for scar |
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| the clinical term for pimple is ___, it is a local elevation of the skin arising from the buildup of oil from sebaceous glands |
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| in Latin, the word comedo means ____ |
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| commonly known as a bruise, a ____ is a discoloration and swelling of the skin that is symptomatic of an injury. |
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| ____ is a blue tinge of color to an area of the skin and is a sign of cardiovascular disturbance, it is usually apparent most clearly in the lips and fingertips. |
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| a ___ is a closed sac or pouch on the surface of the skin that is filled with liquid or semisolid material. |
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| cyst is derived from the greek word kystis that means ____ |
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| the clinical term for fluid accumulation is ____ |
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| caused by the leakage of fluid across capillary walls, ___ is a common sign of injury and infection |
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| ___ is any redness of the skin |
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| the greek word that means blush is ____ |
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| the clinical term for a narrow break or slit in the skin is ____ |
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| is an abscess is associated with a hair follicle, the local swelling on the skin is called a ___ |
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| a local hard area on the skin, or perhaps elsewhere in the body, is known as an ____; it is usually a sign of _____ |
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| induration; an excessive deposit of collagen or calcium |
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| the word induration comes from the Latin word induratio, which means ____ |
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| the process of becoming firm or hard |
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| the french word for yellow is ___ |
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| an abnormal yellow coloration of the skin and eyes, ___. In most cases, it is a sign of ___ or ___ disease. |
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| jaundice; liver; gallbladder |
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| an overgrowth of scar tissue that forms an elevated lesion on the skin is known as a ____ |
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| a ___ is the common result of an injury caused by a tear or perhaps a cut by a sharp object with an irregular surface. |
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| a discolored flat spot on the skin surface, such as a freckle, is clinically called a ____, and is a sign of sun damage to the skin |
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| similar to a macule, but darker in color, a ___ is a pigmented spot that is commonly called a mole |
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| a ___ is actually a sign of a benign tumor, and if its edges become irregular or the color changes, it should be examined as a suspect malignancy known as a ___ |
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| ___ is an abnormally pale color of the skin; it is a sign of an internal condition causing a decreased flow of blood to the skin. |
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| a ___ is a general term describing any small, solid elevation on the skin. |
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| a ___ is a sign of circulatory disorder. It occurs when a small blood vessel supplying the dermis of the skin ruptures. in people with light skin color, it is observable as a small red dot on the skin |
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| the symptom of itchy skin is known as ___ |
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| dermatologists use a form of the word ___ for a symptom of purple-red skin discoloration |
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| purpura is usually the result of a ____ that spreads through the skin |
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Definition
| hemorrhage (broken blood vessel) |
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| a general term for an elevated area of the skin filled with pus is ___, example is a whitehead with pus. |
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| an _____ is an erosion through the skin or mucous membrane |
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| a common form of ulcer arises from lack of movement when lying supine for an extended period of time, it is called ____ |
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| a common allergic skin reaction to medications, foods, infection, or injury produces small fluid-filled skin elevations known as ____ |
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| also known as ___, urticaria may be accompanied by pruritus |
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| a wart is a sign of infection by a ____. the wart, or ____, is an effort by the skin to rid itself of the virus. |
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Definition
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| a ___ is a small elevation of the epidermis that is filled with fluid; example is a ____ |
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Definition
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| a temporary, itchy elevation of the skin, often with a white center and red perimeter is called a ____ |
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Definition
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| a wheal is a symptom of an _____ |
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| allergic reaction of the skin |
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| ___ is an uncomfortable condition of the skin resulting from bacterial infection of sebaceous glands and ducts |
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Definition
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| ____ is a precancerous condition of the skin caused by exposure to sunlight. it forms lesions resulting from overgrowths of the epidermis, usually with scaly surfaces |
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Definition
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Term
| actinic is greek for ____; while keratosis is greek for ____ |
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Definition
| pertaining to light rays; a condition of keratin |
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Term
| a genetic condition characterized by the reduction of the pigment melanin in the skin is known as ____ |
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Definition
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| a loss or lack of scalp hair is a clinical sign known as baldness or ____ |
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Definition
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| a ___ is an injury to the skin caused by excessive exposure to fire, electricity, chemicals, or sunlight. |
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Definition
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| the level of injury caused by the burn is determined by the amount of surface area damaged, called ___, and the ___ of the damage |
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Definition
| total body surface area; depth |
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| a ___ is a skin infection composed of a cluster of boils. the most common source of infection is ____ |
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Definition
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| several forms of cancer, or ___, affect the skin |
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Definition
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| ____ and ___ are tumors arising from the epidermis that usually remain localized , although the lesions do spread and can become serious if they are not treated |
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Definition
| basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma |
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| the third major form of skin cancer is ____ |
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Definition
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| ___ is an inflammation of the connective tissue is the dermis. |
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Definition
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| the related term for follicle infection is ____ |
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Definition
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| ___ is a generalized inflammation of the skin, involving edema of the dermis. |
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Definition
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| the major types of dermatitis include ___, caused by physical contact with a triggering substance such as poison ivy; ___, which is an inherited form characterized by excessive sebum production; and ___ caused by sunlight exposure |
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Definition
| contact dermatitis; seborrheic dermatitis; actinic dermatitis |
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Term
| ____ is a superficial form of dermatitis, with flakiness of the epidermis as the primary sign |
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Definition
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| ___ is a condition of the skin caused by leaking blood vessels in the dermis, producing purplish patches of purpura larger in size than petechiae |
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Definition
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| a skin eruption producing clusters of deep blisters is known as ____ |
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Definition
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| the major type of herpes ___, caused by herpes virus type I; ___ is caused by herpes virus type II; and ___ is caused by the herpes zoster virus. |
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Definition
| oral herpes; genital herpes; shingles |
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| in the condition ___, the individual suffers from excessive perspiration due to the inflammation of sweat glands. |
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Definition
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| ___ is a contagious skin infection similar to oral herpes due to the development of small vesicles, usually forming around the lips, and is characterized by the presence of golden crusts following the rupture of the vesicles. |
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Definition
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| ___ is a form of skin cancer arising from the connective tissue of the dermis. it is indicated by the presence of brown or purple patches on the skin. |
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Definition
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| kaposi's sarcoma is also a common condition associated with ____ |
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Definition
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| as some people age, their skin becomes lighter in color due to reduced activity of the pigment producing cells in the skin, the melanocytes. This condition is called ___ |
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Definition
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| the most life threatening skin cancer is ____. It arises from the cells normally providing the pigment ___ to the skin, called ____. |
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Definition
| malignant melanoma; melanin; melanocytes |
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| in general, a disease of the nail is an ____ |
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Definition
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| in the nail condition ___, a nail becomes buried in the skin due to abnormal growth |
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Definition
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| in the condition ___, a nail is abnormally soft, it is often a sign of calcium or vitamin D deficiency |
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Definition
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| the condition ___ is a fungal infection of one or more nails |
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Definition
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| ___ is an infection around the nail |
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Definition
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| ___ occurs mostly on the scalp where it is called head lice, but can be found in the pubic region or other parts of the body |
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Definition
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| ___ is a painful, chronic disease of the skin characterized by the presence of red lesions covered with silvery epidermal scales. |
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Definition
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| the condition ___ is a skin eruption caused by the female itch mite, which burrows into the skin to extract blood. |
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Definition
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| ____ is an abnormal thickening or hardness of the skin, caused by overproduction of collagen in the dermis |
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Definition
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| ____ is a chronic progressive disease of connective tissue in many organs including the skin, often commonly referred to as lupus, are marked by red patches on the skin of the face and joint pain |
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Definition
| systematic lupus erythematosus |
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Term
| ___ is a fungal infection of the skin and is often called ringworm. three major forms are ___, which forms on the scalp and can lead to alopecia; ___ which forms on the feet and is known as athletes foot; and ____, which may occur elsewhere on the body |
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Definition
| tinea; tinea capitis; tinea pedis; tinea corporis |
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| a general term for a disease affecting the hair is ____; the condition ___ is a fungal infection of hair |
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Definition
| trichopathy; trichomycosis |
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| the disease ___ is characterized by abnormally dry skin |
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| surgical excision, removal |
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| a ___ is a minor surgery involving the removal of tissue for evaluation and is usually a necessary step toward making a diagnosis of a suspected tumor in the skin |
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Definition
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| to clean a wound, a procedure called ___ is often used and involves excision of foreign matter and unwanted tissue |
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Definition
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| ___ is a form of cosmetic surgery, in which the skin is surgically changed to improve appearance. |
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Definition
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| alternatives to dermabrasion include ___, in which a chemical agent is used to remove the outer epidermal agents to treat acne, wrinkles, and sun damaged skin |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is surgery in which the patient's own skin is used as a graft, also called an ____ |
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Definition
| dermatoautoplasty; autograft |
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Term
| a skin graft from another person is called a ___ or ____. during autografts and this a ___ is used to cut thin slices of skin for grafting. |
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Definition
| dermatoheteroplasty; allograft; dermatome |
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Term
| ___ is surgical repair of the skin |
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Definition
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| an ___ is a chemical agent that softens or smooths the skin |
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Definition
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| ___ is the surgical repair of skin wrinkles |
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Definition
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| ___ is the removal of subcutaneous fat |
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Definition
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