Term
|
Definition
| intestinal sounds heard from auscultating over the abdomen; hyperactive, hypoactive, diminished, absent, tympanic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| generalized, non-localized |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enlarged or swollen due to internal pressure; the opposite of a scaphoid abdomen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pulse is either skipped or absent over the femoral artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tensing of abdominal wall muscles as to guard the internal organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any abdominal enlargement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1/3 of the way from the ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine/crest – the hip bone) to the umbilicus. This is where the appendix is located; pain elicited indicates appendicitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tests for tenderness over the gallbladder when pain is elicited while palpating over the gallbladder during inspiration; indicates cholecystitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rebound tenderness, guarding; indicates peritonitis which is inflammation of the peritoneal aka abdominal cavity |
|
|
Term
| Prominent aortic pulsation |
|
Definition
| a larger than expected pulsating mass while palpating midline over the abdomen; indicates an aortic aneurysm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| physical exam maneuver where the patient feels abdominal pain when externally rotating the hip; indicates appendicitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pain elicited upon releasing hand from abdominal palpation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a stiff abdominal wall discovered on exam; the opposite of soft |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| physical exam maneuver where pain is elicited in the right lower quadrant upon (RLQ) upon palpation of left lower quadrant (LLQ) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| costovertebral angle; area over the kidneys; flank area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| along either side of the spine, but no directly over it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compression or irritation of sciatic nerve leading to back pain radiating posteriorly behind the lower extremity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| physical exam maneuver testing for the presence of sciatica |
|
|
Term
| Vertebral point tenderness |
|
Definition
| tenderness directly over the spine (vertebrae) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diagnosis of enlarged aorta; due to a weakened aortic wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diagnosis in which the arterial wall splits apart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diagnosis in which the arterial wall breaks open as could happen in aortic dissection, ruptured aortic aneurysm trauma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a heart valve between the LV and the ascending aorta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| irregular beating of the atria; indicates that the sinus node is not conducting a normal sinus rhythm; “a fib” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| irregular beating of the atria; often described as “a-flutter with 2 to 1 block or 3 to 1 block |
|
|
Term
| Atrial septal defect “An ASD” |
|
Definition
| a hole in the atrial septum that causes blood to mix between the RA and LA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heart tissue that separates the RA from the LA |
|
|
Term
| Atrioventricular node “AV node” |
|
Definition
| the Atrioventricular node; receives the electrical activity from the SA node and conducts it to the ventricular bundles: the right bundle and the left bundle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the direction of the vector of cardiac electrical activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| x-ray image of the coronary vessels that stand out when dye is injected into them during a cardiac catheterization; done by a cardiologist using fluoroscopy in the cath lab |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an invasive test for heart disease performed in “the cath lab” by a cardiologist who inserts an angiocatheter into a large artery (i.e. the femoral artery or the brachial artery) and advances it up the aorta and into the coronary arteries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decreased blood flow through the coronary vessels and to the heart; usually diagnosed by ST segment depressions on EKG |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a device that is deployed into a blocked coronary artery in order to open it and restore blood flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dysfunctional heart muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a complete block in the electrical conduction at the AV node; therefore the atria and the ventricles beat independently of each other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an artery that supplies the heart muscle with blood; there are the right coronary artery “the RCA”, the left main coronary artery “the left main”, the circumflex coronary artery “the circ”, the left anterior descending coronary artery “the LAD” and many branches coming from each known as marginal coronary arteries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dysfunctional heart muscle because of an enlarged heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an abnormal beat seen on EKG |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cardioverting (restoring normal sinus rhythm) the electrical activity of the heart by placing pads or paddles onto the chest and literally “electrically shocking” the heart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measurement of the electrical activity of the heart; measured with a certain number of leads, often a “3 lead” or a “12 lead” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a wire placed on top of the chest that records electrical activity from a specific area in the heart; there are up to 12 leads |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a test for cardiac disease performed by having the patient run on a treadmill while hooked up to 12 electrical leads that monitor the electrical activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a crunch sound heard over the heart when auscultating; indicates inflammation of the heart sac known as pericarditis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extra heart sound resembling sound of galloping horse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| usually atrial fibrillation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a rate that is more than 100 or less than 60 beats per minute |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| not a normal sinus rhythm; in other words, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| jugular venous distention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chamber in the heart receives blood from the pulmonary veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| “LBBB” a block in the electrical conduction through the left bundle; evidenced by a wide QRS in lead 1 and V6 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chamber in the heart receives blood from the left atrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a heart valve between the LA and the LV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal heart sound, rated on scale 1-6 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diagnosis of dead cardiac muscle tissue that occurs when blood flow through the coronary artery is obstructed; “had an M I” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the heart muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of time elapsed from the beginning of the P-wave and the beginning of the R wave on the EKG |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pre-ventricular contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diagnosis due to fluid in the pericardium that exerts pressure on the heart and hampers its ability to contract normally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| procedure in which a needle is used to drain fluid from the pericardium; done emergently in cases of pericardial tamponade |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the pericardium evidenced on physical exam by the presence of a friction rub on heart auscultation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the sac in which the heart is located “the heart sac” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a test for cardiac disease performed on patients who cannot complete an exercise stress test (for example the patient may not be able to run on a treadmill) The injection of persantine and thallium done by the department of nuclear medicine is followed by x-rays |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the artery from the heart to the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a heart valve between the RV and the Pulmonary Artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of time elapsed from the beginning of the Q wave to the end of the S wave |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of time elapsed from the beginning of the Q wave to the beginning of the T wave |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a rate that is less than 100 and more than 60 beats per minute; in other words, not tachycardia nor bradycardia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chamber in the heart receives blood from IVC and SVC |
|
|
Term
| Right bundle branch block |
|
Definition
| “RBBB” a block in the electrical conduction through the right bundle; evidenced as the presence of “rabbit ears” in leads V1 and V2 on EKG |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chamber in the heart receives blood from the right atrium |
|
|
Term
| Sinoatrial node “SA node” |
|
Definition
| the sinoatrial node; originates the electrical signal and sends it to the AV node |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ST elevation myocardial infarction; When the EKG shows “ST segment elevation” it indicates an “acute MI”. A patient with a STEMI provokes rapid action between the ED and the cardiologist to get the patient to the cath lab for an emergent cardiac catheterization and cardiac stent placement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a non-segment elevation MI is a heart attack that is not diagnosed on the EKG but is diagnosed by an elevated troponin on blood test |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| upper airway noise heard on respiration, common in croup |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supraventricular tachycardia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased respiratory rate >20 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a heart valve between the RA and the RV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a wave that appears after the T wave; infrequently seen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an infectious growth on the cardiac valves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| irregular beating of the ventricles; this is a terminal event that requires immediate electrical cardioversion |
|
|
Term
| Ventricular septal defect “A VSD” |
|
Definition
| a hole in the ventricular septum that causes blood to mix between the RV and LV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Heart tissue that separates the RV from the LV |
|
|
Term
| Ventricular wall thrombus |
|
Definition
| a blood clot that attaches to the inside wall of the ventricle; pieces of the thrombus can break off and spread to anywhere in the body leading to infarctions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pus in the eyes; DDx:“bacterial conjunctivitis”; Tx: Genoptic gtts (drops) or Erythromycin ointment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decreased ability to protect airway by closing the glottis when stimulated by tongue depressor; leads to potential aspiration and jeopardizes the airway; doctor will consider intubation in order to protect the airway from aspiration; DDx: Brain injury ie trauma, stroke; alcohol intoxication; substance abuse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| eardrum with abnormal anatomy; DDx: indicates otitis media (middle ear infection); Tx: Amoxicillin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| normal cephalic atraumatic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involuntary movements of the eye balls; DDx: vertigo, intoxication. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outer ear infection; DDx: Swimmers ear (ear can infection); Tx: Cipro HC otic suspension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| middle ear infection; Tx: Amoxicillin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pale inner aspect of the eyelid; DDx: anemia; Tx: Iron (FeSO4) rx; PRBC (packed red blood cells) transfusion |
|
|
Term
| Periorbital ecchymosis/raccoon eyes |
|
Definition
| bruising around the eyes (indicates occipital skull fracture) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pocket of pus around the tonsils; Tx: Dexamethasone, Clindamycin, Drainage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| redness of the pharynx (throat); DDx: Viral or bacterial pharyngitis ie streptococcal pharyngitis. Tx: Motrin and/or Penicillin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| light sensitivity of the eyes; DDx: meningitis, viral syndrome; Procedure: Lumbar Puncture. Tx: Ceftriaxone. |
|
|
Term
| Poor handling of secretions |
|
Definition
| drooling at the mouth, choking or gagging |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pus coming out from the nose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| yellowing of the sclera due to jaundice |
|
|
Term
| Subconjunctival hemorrhage |
|
Definition
| blood in the white of the eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| indicates ear infection: absent light reflection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| indicates ear infection: red tympanic membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inability to open the mouth due to inflamed jaw muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uvula in anatomical position (not shifted) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| draws away from the midline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to stand erect with arms at the sides and palms turned forward |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| situated in front of or directed toward the front |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| farther from the limb root |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| divides the body into anterior and posterior parts lower, farther from the crown |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| divides the body into right and left |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| palm side of the hand or body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| that which turns palm of hand downward |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forearm and hand turned palm side down, body laying face down |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| upper, nearer to the crown |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| that which turns palm of hand upward |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| right angles to long axis; divides body into upper and lower parts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neck pain elicited by flexing neck downward “chin to chest”; sign of meningitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| turbulent blood flow heard from auscultating over the carotid artery. Due to narrowing in the artery. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| jugular venous distention (CHF indicator) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neck pain elicited by flexing hip “knee to chest”; sign of meningitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| free moving, full range of motion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unequal diameter of pupils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| APD (Afferent Pupillary Defect) |
|
Definition
| an abnormal finding of dilation of the pupil instead of constriction in response to a shining light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| important neuro exam big toe dorsiflexes (flexes upward) when the sole of the foot is stimulated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involuntary muscle contractions and relaxations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diminished contraction of the anal sphincter muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| paralysis of the extra ocular movements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extraocular movements intact |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specific neuro exam testing cerebellum function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inside of the eyes as seen with ophthalmoscope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| weakness on one half of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deep tendon reflexes are normal (graded as 2 out of 4) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oriented to person, place and time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| swelling of the optic nerve noted in fundi exam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involuntarily turning the forearm inward on exam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| falling to one side when standing with feet together and eyes closed (cerebellum exam) |
|
|
Term
| Strength 5/5 x 4 extremities |
|
Definition
| there is full strength for both arms and both legs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tongue pointing to one side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ovaries and fallopian tubes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| able to move about/walk, not confined to bed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a widening of a blood vessel die to pressure on weakened tissues causing formation of a sac of blood that may become clotted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inability to express oneself through speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disturbance of rhythm in the heartbeat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| partial or total collapse of the aveoli in the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a forcible pulling away of a part or structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| usually slow heartbeat < 60 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormally slow breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a murmur or sounds heard on auscultation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to the neck or the cervix of the uterus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the gallbladder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of an organ by degenerative changes, especially the liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inner lining of the eyelid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transparent coat of the eyeball that covers the iris and pupil and lets light into the eyes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a crackling or grating sound usually of bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to a bluish or slate-like skin color |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removal or foreign matter or dead tissue from a wound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the teeth in situ or in the dental arch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| true skin, beneath the epidermis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excessive or profuse sweating or precipitation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a diagnosis of symptoms of two or more diseases by comparison (DDx) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| backward flexion, as in bending backward either a hand or foot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| difficult and labored breathing, shortness of breath |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| painful or difficulty with urination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hemorrhagic, non-elevated discolored area under the skin, bruising |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammatory condition of the skin which may be acute or chronic, characterized by itching or burning tiny papules and vesicles, oozing, crusting and scaling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| swelling of body tissue due to an excessive accumulation of fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| escape of fluid into a cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to become extremely thin or lean, wasting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| obstruction of blood vessel by a clot of blood or foreign substance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hemorrhage from the nose, nosebleed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| redness of the skin caused by capillary congestion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fibrous membrane of connective tissue supporting and separating muscles and body organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| red, crystalline substance used in diagnostic examination of the eye to detect corneal lesions, abrasions or foreign bodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anatomical feature of an infant’s skull |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the large upper end of the uterus; also the bottom apeture of the internal surface of a hollow organ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| severe epileptic attack characterized by convulsions, stupor and temporary loss of consciousness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tumor consisting of blood vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bright red blood in the stools |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| swelling of blood which occurs in an organ or tissue resulting from ruptured blood vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| coughing up blood; blood stained sputum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excessive or profuse bleeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood fluid present in the pleural cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enlargement of the liver and spleen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| persistently high atrial blood pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| persistently low atrial blood pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| air/fluid levels on abdominal x-ray |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| act of hardening; a specific area of hardened tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| necrotic area of tissue following cessation of the blood supply |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to the groin area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| temporary and localized anemia due to restricting circulation to an area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| articulation or junction between two or more bones or cartilage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| scar formation consisting of defense tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fibrous tissue binding bones together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enlargement of a lymph node |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small colored spot on the skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| generalized discomfort or weakness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| projections on either side of the ankle joint from lower leg bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| imperfect closure or meeting of opposing teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Clinician’s informed decision (MDM) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sharp pain along the course of a nerve or several nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involuntary rapid eye movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large boney projection of the ulna forming the elbow joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| able to be touched or easily perceived |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| women who have given birth to one or more viable offspring; the number of viable offspring born by a women |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal tactile sensation often described as burning, numbness or tingling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal intolerance to light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| presence of air or gas in the pleural space which may occur spontaneously due to trauma or deliberately introduced in a collapsed lung |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consisting of pus or matter resembling pus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thin watery discharge from the nose |
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Term
|
Definition
| dense, fibrous, opaque outer coat enclosing the eyeball except the part covered by the cornea |
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Term
|
Definition
| presence of pathological microorganisms or their toxins in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| long, slender segment of a long bone |
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Term
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Definition
| any matter mixed with saliva that is passed through the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| star-shaped, radiating from the center |
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Term
|
Definition
| narrowing of a body opening or passage |
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Term
|
Definition
| loss of consciousness or faint |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| extremely rapid respirations >20 respirations |
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Term
|
Definition
| any of many different superficial fungal infections of the skin |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| the twisting of an organ on its own e.g. ovary, fallopian tube, testicle, etc. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| over stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system |
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Term
|
Definition
| vessel carrying unaerated blood to the heart, excluding pulmonary vein |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| difficult breathing with a whistling sound resulting from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageways |
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Term
|
Definition
| (also called adrenaline) Produced by the adrenal medulla. Promotes the conversion of glycogen to glucose thereby raising blood sugar. It also increases heart rate, and cell metabolism. Involved in flight or fight response. |
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Term
|
Definition
| antihistamine (trade name Benadryl) used to treat allergic reactions involving the nasal passages (hay fever) and also to treat motion sickness |
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Term
|
Definition
| used as a bronchodilator to control and prevent reversible airway obstruction caused by asthma or COPD. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Nitroglycerin spray and tablets are used to treat episodes of angina (chest pain) in people who have coronary artery disease (narrowing of the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart). The spray and tablets may also be taken just before activities that may cause episodes of angina in order to prevent the angina from occurring. Nitroglycerin extended-release (long-acting) capsules are used to prevent episodes of angina in people who have coronary artery disease. The extended-release capsules can only be used to prevent angina attacks; they cannot be used to treat an attack once it has begun. Nitroglycerin is in a class of medications called vasodilators. It works by relaxing the blood vessels so the heart does not need to work as hard and therefore does not need as much oxygen. |
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Term
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Definition
| hypoglycemic emergencies, used to boost blood glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| recommended to reduce the risk of a heart attack or stroke by slightly reducing the ability of the blood to clot |
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Term
|
Definition
| a chemical with a very strong smell, held under the nose of an unconscious person to make them conscious again |
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Term
|
Definition
| A colorless, odorless, tasteless gas essential to respiration in animals |
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Term
|
Definition
| the delivery of ambulatory medical care outside of a hospital emergency department on a walk-in basis without a scheduled appointment. |
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Term
| Treatment of pyogenic granuloma (lobular capillary hemangioma) |
|
Definition
| Dermatology referral for shave excision and electrocautery (typical age: toddlers; 77% are on face or neck; typically following skin trauma) |
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Term
| Lab, radiology eval of sick patient with sickle cell |
|
Definition
| CBC, BCx, retic count, CXR (in all febrile children). Follow labs with early CTX (or cefotax) + vanco (if septic) + azithro (if acute chest). Exam: neurologic status, resp status, tachycardia, splenomegaly, pain crisis? Site of infection? |
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|
Term
| Admission criteria for patient with sickle cell disease and fever |
|
Definition
| Age < 6 months, ill appearance, cardiovascular instability, temp >40, WBC >30K, WBC <5K, plts < 100K, hx of bacteremia/sepsis/meningitis, noncompliance with prophylaxis, poor follow-up, findings suggestive of other complications of the diseasegle closure glaucoma |
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Term
| Clinical definition of acute chest syndrome (in SCD) |
|
Definition
| New pulmonary infiltrate on CXR AND at least one of the following: T>38.5, chest pain, respiratory symptoms, or hypoxemia. (Contributing factors include infarction, fat embolism, viral/bacterial/atypical bacterial infections. More than one infectious agent may be present). |
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|
Term
| Presenting signs of splenic sequestration in SCD (trapping of sickled cells in enlarged spleen; usually toddler) |
|
Definition
| Tender splenomegaly, worsening anemia (Hgb drop of 2 points or more), rising retic count, pancytopenia (sometimes), abdominal pain, tachypnea, tachycardia, sudden weakness, AMS, pallor. |
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|
Term
| Six emergencies in sickle cell disease |
|
Definition
| Infection (labs, prompt abx), acute chest syndrome (maximize O2, careful hydration, broad spectrum abx including azithro), vaso-occlusive pain events (treat pain aggressively, careful hydration, check for other disease complications), stroke (preserve cerebral oxygenation – lie flat -, exchange transfusion early), splenic sequestration, aplastic crisis (admit, test sibs for same). |
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Term
| Timing for STI re-testing for cure |
|
Definition
| 3 months (40% risk of chlamydia and gonorrhea reinfection within 1 year) |
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Term
| What is expedited partner therapy (EPT) for STI? |
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Definition
| Treatment of sex partners of patients dx’d with STI w/o an intervening medical eval through Rx or dispensation of abx to partner (allowed by CA law). Ideally provide counseling and educational materials as well. |
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Term
| Why codeine is dangerous? |
|
Definition
| Approx 4% (up to 29% in some populations e.g., Ethiopians) of population are ultra rapid metabolizers (via CYP2D6) |
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|
Term
| Term for deep ridges in the nails that run from one side to the other caused by a slowing of nail matrix production |
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Definition
| Beau lines (may be seen in hand foot and mouth disease) |
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Term
| Appropriate evaluation of incidentally-noted microscopic hematuria |
|
Definition
| Confirm on 2-3 samples over 2-3 weeks |
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Term
| Management of esophageal pennies |
|
Definition
| If asymptomatic, ok to reimage within 18 hrs. Any that persist in the esophagus need immediate removal. |
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Term
| GI ailments for which bacterial probiotics have documented efficacy |
|
Definition
| Traveler’s diarrhea, acute viral gastroenteritis, chronic constipation |
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|
Term
| Timing of onset of ARF following strep infection |
|
Definition
| 3-4 weeks after acute infection (ages 5-15 yrs typically) |
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|
Term
| Rx of trichomonas vaginalis |
|
Definition
| Metronidazole 2 mg (or tinidazole 2gm or nitroimidazole 2 gm) |
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|
Term
| Rx of bacterial vaginalis |
|
Definition
| Nucleic acid amplification test on urine |
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|
Term
| Test for tricomonas vaginalis |
|
Definition
| Nucleic acid amplification test on urine |
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Term
| Medication used for prophylasis of neisseria meningitidis or HIB meningitis |
|
Definition
| Rifampin for both. Single IM CTX is alternative for N. meningitidis |
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Term
| TST (PPD)versus quantiferon in kids (e.g., what to do if TST + and quantiferon neg; quantiferon+’ or h/o BCG |
|
Definition
| Quantiferon quantifiers IFN-gamma produced by T-cells in response the provided Ag. It has cross-reactivity to non-TB mycobacterium but not to BCG but it IS NOT the gold standard. There are fewer Ags tested for with the quantiferon than the TST so you can have a false neg. Never (even in pts with h/o BCG) ignore a positive TST (i.e., do treated with isoniazid). Those < 2 yrs may have a false positive TST after BCG but older children rarely do. False positive quantiferons can come from longer infection (dormant) b/c quantiferon tests for early Ags. |
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Term
| Peak age of congenital heart disease presentation |
|
Definition
| 6 weeks (timing for peripheral vascular resistance to reach adult levels) |
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Term
| Approach to fever in sickle cell disease |
|
Definition
| If T >38.5 but entirely well-appearing (no bacterial focus, acute chest, pain crisis, ill-appearance) + trusted f/u, can draw CBC and BCx, treat with one dose of CTX and observe outpatient. Rates of bacteremia in recent years have been under 1%. (Pediatrics 06.2013) |
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|
Term
| Remember: CBGs are just fine (in place of ABGs) |
|
Definition
| Several studies performed in pediatric intensive care units have demonstrated a good correlation between ABGs and CBGs with respect to pH, PCO2, bicarbonate, and base excess ABGs also should be used in patients in whom close monitoring of actual PaO2 is needed. |
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Term
| Eval of fever in a returned traveler to a malaria-endemic area |
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Definition
| CBCD, CMP, malaria smear, blood culture, UA. Consider (depending on location and exposure hx): serologies (e.g., dengue IgG, IgM), PPD, CXR |
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|
Term
| Probability of HTN in patient with incidentally noted elevated BP |
|
Definition
| 1.4% (J Peds 08.2013). Standard of care f/u for first noted elevated BP is recheck within 1 month (only 20% of patients do this). |
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Term
|
Definition
– outpatient and ambulatory care used interchangeably – outpatient is more comprehensive
– outpatient services do not require overnight inpatient stay |
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Term
| Ambulatory Care constitutes |
|
Definition
– diagnostic and therapeutic services and treatments provided to the “walking” (ambulatory) patient – the term can be used synonymously with “community medicine”
– the geographic location of ambulatory services is intended for the purpose of serving the surrounding community, providing convenience and easy accessibility |
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Term
|
Definition
| – care rendered to patients who come to the: physician’s office, clinics, outpatient surgery – mobile diagnostics units and home health take services to patients |
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|
Term
| Hospital inpatient services continues to … |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Executives see ambulatory care as… |
|
Definition
| an essential, no longer a supplemental, service line |
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|
Term
| Hospital survival can depend heavily on … |
|
Definition
| ambulatory care – competition from home health agencies, ambulatory care, urgent care, outpatient surgery |
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Term
|
Definition
| – changes in reimbursement – development of new technology – utilization controls – social factors |
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Term
|
Definition
| – financial incentives to reimburse for outpatient care – patients favoring outpatient services |
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Term
| Development of New Technology |
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Definition
| – less invasive procedures; surgical procedures less traumatic – shorter-acting anesthetics – faster recovery time |
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Term
|
Definition
| – inpatient hospital stay has been strongly discouraged by various payers – prior authorization (pre-certification) required, minimizing length of stay |
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Term
|
Definition
| – patients have a strong preference for receiving health care in home and community-based settings – gives people a sense of independence and control over their lives, important for quality of life |
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Term
|
Definition
| the conceptual foundation for ambulatory health services |
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Term
| Types of Outpatient care settings and methods of delivery |
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Definition
| private practice, hospital based services, free standing facilities, mobile medical, diagnostic and screening services, home health care, hospice services, ambulatory long term care services, public health services, public and voluntary clinics, telephone access, alternative medicine |
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Term
|
Definition
| “complementary or alternative medicine”: not endorsed by western medicine, nontraditional |
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|
Term
| Treatments of alternative medicine |
|
Definition
| – homeopathy, herbal formulas, products as preventive and treatment agents, acupuncture, meditation, yoga exercises, biofeedback, spiritual guidance, prayer, chiropractic |
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Term
|
Definition
| a central role in a health care delivery system |
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|
Term
| Evidence exists in disease management that… |
|
Definition
| hospitalization for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions are less frequent when primary care is strong |
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|
Term
| Where primary care is stronger (where primary care physician to population ratio is higher) |
|
Definition
| there are much lower total health care costs than in areas where there are fewer physicians |
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|
Term
| (Morbidity) Higher primary care physician supply has been associated with |
|
Definition
| higher birth weights lower infant mortality early detection of colorectal cancer better-controlled hypertension |
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Term
|
Definition
| collection of pus underneath the skin |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| very thin skin; often seen in the elderly who suffer large skin tears from minimal injury |
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Term
|
Definition
| blue due to lack of oxygen |
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Term
|
Definition
| the splitting apart or separation in the skin often used to described a surgical wound that re-opened i.e. “wound dehiscence” |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| commonly used to describe a type of rash seen in autoimmune disease whereby dry, scaly and itchy skin appear |
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Term
|
Definition
| skin saturated with fluid |
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Term
|
Definition
| skin that is so saturated with fluid that it retains the imprint left by touching it; usually rated on a scale of 0-4 |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| commonly used to describe a type of rash caused by fungus like tinea like “jock itch” aka “tinea cruris” or “athlete’s foot” aka “tinea pedis” |
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Term
|
Definition
| necrotic skin; dead skin; indicates need for amputation |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| darker than the surrounding skin |
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Term
|
Definition
| lighter than the surrounding skin |
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Term
|
Definition
| “I&D”; the surgical technique in treating an abscess |
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Term
|
Definition
| hypertrophic scar; a scar that is raised |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thick skin with very deep lines |
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Term
|
Definition
| crushed skin without defined borders |
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Term
|
Definition
| commonly used to describe a type of rash; often seen in allergic response to medication referred to as a drug rash |
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Term
|
Definition
| skin that is very poor perfusion meaning poor blood circulation |
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Term
|
Definition
| a limb and potentially lethal rapid skin infection characterized by the presence of gas on x-ray |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| commonly used to describe a type of rash seen in meningitis whereby the skin does not blanch under pressure |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| commonly used to describe a type of rash that feels like rough sandpaper and is seen in infection with streptococcus |
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Term
|
Definition
| skins ability to change shape and return to normal (elasticity); poor skin turgor noticed on physical exam indicates dehydration |
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Term
|
Definition
| skin pulled away from the body remains pulled away like a tent and does not snap back; indicates dehydration |
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Term
|
Definition
| commonly used to describe a type of rash seen in allergic responses whereby raised itchy wheals appear |
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Term
|
Definition
| commonly used to describe a type of rash seen in herpes infection whereby fluid filled blisters appear |
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Term
|
Definition
| a skin disease devoid of any pigment |
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Term
|
Definition
| struggling for breath using extra muscles |
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Term
|
Definition
| enlargement of the opening in nostrils during breathing |
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Term
|
Definition
| usually heard in asthmatics |
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Term
|
Definition
| wet/crackling sound heard, usually PNA or CHF |
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Term
|
Definition
| visible sinking of the chest wall with inspiration |
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Term
|
Definition
| sound of mucous rolling around in the bronchioles/bronchi |
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Term
|
Definition
| high-pitched sound heard; usually asthmatics/CHF |
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Term
|
Definition
| blackness on the x-ray connotes air or if the x-ray tech shoots the x-ray with too much power leading to too much penetration |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| whiteness on the x-ray connotes fluid or if the x-ray tech shoots the x-ray with too little power leading to too little penetration |
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Term
|
Definition
| an x-ray that is difficult to fully assess because either it was shot improperly by the x-ray tech or the patient moved too much |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| refers to either the ER doc reading too much into the x-ray to diagnose a problem or when the radiologist reviews the x-ray, after the ER doc, and has a different interpretation than the ER doc |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the name for the off-site radiologist that reads the x-ray after the in-house radiologist goes home |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the patient is rotated instead of being en face with the x-ray camera during the x-ray picture |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| an x-ray done by the tech with the portable x-ray machine on wheels that is taken to the patient bedside |
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|
Term
| PA and lateral Chest x-ray |
|
Definition
| posterior-anterior and lateral x-ray done by the tech in the x-ray suite |
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Term
|
Definition
| x-ray taken with the patient laying on one side; a technique used to determine if a pleural fluid collection seen on the upright chest x-ray layers out when the patient lays on one side |
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|
Term
| Loculated pleural effusion: |
|
Definition
| a plerual effusion that is encapsulated and does not layer out on decubitus films |
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Term
|
Definition
| fluid seen within the lung tissue; assumed to be infection most of the time. Connotes the presence of pneumonia |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pulmonary vascular congestion |
|
Definition
| the blood vessels are congested as in congestive heart failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid around the lung, in the pleural space as in severe CHF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| very large lung volume (i.e. barreled chest and flattened diaphragms as in emphysema) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small lung size usually due to not taking in a deep breath |
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Term
|
Definition
| diaphragm that is located too high as in being pushed high from a bowel obstruction or abdominal fluid |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| when only half of the diaphragm is elevated as is usually seen with the right side from an injury to the vagus nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deflated or popped lung as in trauma from broken ribs; (i.e., “There is a a pneumo on the chest x-ray”) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| widened and not straight as seen in the elderly with atherosclerosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to a wider amount of space taken up by the heart and its great vessels as seen in cardiomegaly, aortic dissection, or enlarged lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the level of bifurcation in the trachea when it divides between the right and left main stem bronchi. The ideal location for the tip of the endotracheal tube when intubating is 2 cms above the carina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an enlarged heart size as seen in CHF or in a pericardial effusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| community acquired pneumonia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| more than one apex as in “the lung apices” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membrane covering the inside of the chest wall, the diaphragm lung and the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the space between both sides of the pleural membrane; (i.e., between the lung and the chest wall) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The radiographic line seen on the chest x-ray; seen best at the apices in a normal chest x-ray |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the space or angle between the end of the diaphragm on one side and the chest wall; “blunted” connotes fluid in the angle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the dome-shaped muscle that supports the heart and lungs; “air under the diaphragm” connotes “free air” meaning that there is a perforation in the intestine or stomach and air escaped |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the pleural lining of the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| calcium deposits in the aorta seen best in the arch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the area closest to the ground as in “there is atelectasis in the dependent area of the chest x-ray” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased opacity of the interstitium of the bronchioles as seen when fluid accumulates in this space for example pus from pneumonia or fluid in CHF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the bronchioles are easily distinguished on a chest x-ray, which usually happens when the bronchiolar interstitium is filled with pus, as in pneumonia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| above-the-knee amputation; done when the knee and the leg cannot be salvaged as in bone cancer or trauma |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| reconstruction of a blood vessel, usually the coronary artery |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| surgical removal of the appendix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| procedure in which a bleeding artery is clotted off in order to prevent growth of a tumor as seen in uterine fibroids or ongoing bleeding as seen in pelvic trauma or epistaxis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| using a needle to drain fluid from a joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| below the knee amputation; done when the leg cannot be salvaged but the knee is preserved |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| procedure whereby blood is taken from the patient and then re-inserted into the epidural space in an effort to form a blood clot that will stop the persistence of leakage of spinal fluid usually due to a previous spinal tap |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| procedure in which a bronchoscope is advanced down the trachea and into the bronchi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| coronary artery bypass graft; cardiac bypass; open heart surgery involving the bypass of an obstructed coronary artery usually with the saphenous vein or the internal mammary vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| placing a catheter to reach the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| burning the ends of the bleeding blood vessels to cause hemostasis; done with electrocautery or with silver nitrate sticks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical procedure in which the uterus is incised and the fetus is delivered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical removal of the gallbladder |
|
|
Term
| Closed fracture reduction |
|
Definition
| procedure in which the broken bones are re-aligned without the need to surgically incise the skin; closed reductions are usually done by the ER doctor at the bedside |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excision of the large intestine or colon; can be either a “partial colectomy” or a “total colectomy” depending on how much colon is removed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| using an endoscope to visualize the inside of the colon by passing it through the anus and rectum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical procedure that provides an opening between the colon and the abdominal wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| continuous nebulized albuterol given to severe asthmatics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical procedure in which part of the cranium (i.e. skull) is removed; usually done to relieve the pressure from brain swelling and prevent brainstem herniation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a surgical hole into the skull; brain surgery; as in to drain an epidural hematoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| procedure of placing pressure on the cricoid bone during rapid sequence intubation in order to prevent the passive reflux of stomach contents into the lungs. Also known as the “Sellick maneuver” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a surgical incision into the membrane between the cricoid bone and the laryngeal cartilage; done for the purpose of providing an airway when breathing through the mouth and nose is not an option |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| procedure whereby an incision is made in the skin and dissection is carried out down to the level of the vein. Usually done as a measure of last resort when there is no peripheral IV access available |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opening of the cervix and removal of uterine material. Performed in the case of miscarriage or extensive uterine bleeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| procedure in which an ultrasound is used to visualize the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| using an endoscope to examine; when stated as “he had an endoscopy” it refers to the patient having an upper GI endoscopy whereby the endoscope looks through the mouth and the esophagus as far as through the stomach to the first part of the duodenum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; procedure to remove a stone or dilate a blocked common bile duct or pancreatic duct; usually done by the gastroeneterologist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical incision made over the severely burned skin or eschar that due to its ability to restrict movement is done in order to relieve the constriction and allow for breathing and blood flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical incision into the fascia in order to relieve the high pressures and restore blood flow that can happen in compartment syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| procedure in which the ultrasound is used in trauma to quickly determine the presence of abdominal free fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical procedure whereby a graft is used to bypass a segment of severely atherosclerosed femoral artery in order to provide blood flow to the leg and prevent amputation. The graft is placed proximal to the occlusion in the femoral artery and then bypasses the occlusion to attach to the popliteal artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| procedure where a fluroscope is used in order to actively x-ray the patient during a procedure; for instance, fluoroscopic guidance is used by the cardiologist when performing coronary angiography for cardiac stent deployment in the cardiac cath lab |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exam in which an opthalmoscope is used to visualize the fundi aka the retina and optic nerve and vessels of the eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical procedure whereby the vertebral bodies are fused together; usually done to prevent further spinal cord injury from disruption of the intervertebral ligaments and instability of the vertbral joints |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| procedure in which anesthetic is placed with a needle and into the hematoma caused by a broken bone. The resulting numbness allows the ER doctor to reduce the fracture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical procedure in which the hernia is repaired |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical removal of the uterus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| technique for holding the cervical spine and preventing a hyperextension injury when intubating a patient with potential cervical spine injury |
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Term
| Intra-arterial balloon pump |
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Definition
| IABP; device inserted into the femoral artery and to the descending aorta used to increase blood pressure by exerting counter-pressure; used in cases of cardiogenic shock |
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Term
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Definition
| procedure of placing an endotracheal tube into the trachea |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical procedure whereby the lamina on the vertebral bodies are removed in order to create more room for the spinal root to exit the spinal canal. Often used to treat painful sensory radiculopathies like sciatica |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical technique of making small incisions into the skin and inserting a camera and surgical instruments through those incisions in order to perform surgery |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical technique of making a large incision in order to fully open the cavity to perform surgery |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical procedure in which the tendons of the lateral canthus of the eyelids are cut in order to relieve ocular pressure and permanent blindness from a collection of blood behind the eye called a retrobulbar hematoma |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical excision of the breast |
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Term
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Definition
| a device that aerosolizes fluid that is breathed in by the patient; as in the medicine albuterol that is placed in a hand-held nebulizer for the asthmatic patient |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical removal of an ovary |
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Term
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Definition
| procedure in which the broken bones are re-aligned in the operating room; done by the orthopedic surgeon in the operating room |
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Term
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Definition
| open reduction with internal fixation; done by the orthopedic surgeon in the operating room in order to re-align and stabilize the fractured segments of bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of fluid from the belly (peritoneal fluid) |
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Term
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Definition
| procedure of advancing a needle through to chest to the pericardium in order to drain it |
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Term
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Definition
| procedure of causing the adherence of the visceral pleural in the chest with the parietal pleural of the inner chest wall in order to prevent recurrences of a pneumothorax |
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Term
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Definition
| procedure in which sedatives are used to put the patient to sleep while still maintaining their respiratory reflexes; done in order to allow the performance of certain painful procedures for example closed fracture reductions or laceration repairs in children; also known as “conscious sedation” |
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Term
| Rapid Sequence Intubation |
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Definition
| RSI; Procedure of emergent patient intubation where the patient is quickly given sedatives, paralytics and cricoid pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical procedure in which the salpinx aka the fallopian tube is removed |
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Term
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Definition
| using an endoscope to visualize the sigmoid colon by passing it through the anus and rectum |
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Term
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Definition
| lumbar puncture; procedure to collect cerebrospinal fluid by inserting a needle through the back, midline and in between two vertebral bodies |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical removal of the spleen |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical incision placed in the sternum |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of fluid or air from the pleural space |
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Term
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Definition
| a surgical hole in the chest (i.e., for a chest tube) |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical cutting into the chest |
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Term
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Definition
| a surgical incision into the trachea; done for the purpose of providing an airway when breathing through the mouth and nose is not an option |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical procedure to “tie off” the fallopian tubes |
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Term
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Definition
| transurethral resection of the prostate; used to remove prostatic tissue by passing a cystoscope through the urethra to the prostate and cutting out the prostate. |
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Term
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Definition
| an airway that is surgically created as in a tracheotomy or a cricothyrotomy |
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Term
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Definition
| the procedure in which ocular pressure is measured |
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Term
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Definition
| a surgical hole in the head to the level of the cerebral ventricle; usually done to relieve elevated intracranial pressure and brainstem herniation |
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Term
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Definition
| extensive surgical technique whereby the head of the pancreas, duodenum, part of the jejunum and part of the stomach are removed. Usually done in cases of early pancreatic cancer |
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Term
| Non-specific bowel gas pattern |
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Definition
| normal intestinal gas pattern |
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Term
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Definition
| the flat line between air and fluid; Multiple air fluid levels connotes a bowel obstruction |
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Term
|
Definition
| a small bowel obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
| intestines that are distended usually with air |
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Term
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Definition
| a very distended intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| the air-fluid level that is in the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| twisted large intestine resulting in a large bowel obstruction; usually arises from the sigmoid “ a sigmoid volvulus” or the cecum “a cecal volvulus” |
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Term
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Definition
| the turn that the ascending colon takes at the level off the liver |
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Term
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Definition
| the turn that the transverse colon takes at the level of the spleen |
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Term
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Definition
| a calcified stone seen in the appendix connotes appendicitis |
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Term
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Definition
| a large amount of stool in the large bowel |
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Term
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Definition
| the presence of multiple air fluids due to lack of peristalsis and not due to a bowel obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
| the appearance of thumb prints in the intestinal wall connoting the presence of fluids in the intestinal wall |
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Term
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Definition
| the appearance of stacked coins seen in the small bowel when there is an obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
| Commonly used automated Humphrey visual fields |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| Argon laser photocoagulation (often for diabetc macular edema) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Argon laser trabeculoplasty (for glaucoma) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Age-related macular degeneration |
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Term
|
Definition
| Afferent pupillary defect |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Background diabetic retinopathy |
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Term
|
Definition
| Branch retinal vein occlusion |
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Term
|
Definition
| With refractive correction |
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Term
|
Definition
| Cup-to-disc ratio of the optic nerve |
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Term
|
Definition
| Count fingers visual acuity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Central retinal artery occlusion |
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Term
|
Definition
| Central retinal vein occlusion |
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Term
|
Definition
| Central serous chorioretinopathy |
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Term
|
Definition
| Confrontation visual field |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Dissociated vertical deviation (a form of stabismus) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ductions, versions, saccades |
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Term
|
Definition
| Daily wear contact lenses |
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Term
|
Definition
| Extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Estropia, intermittent estropia, esophoria, and esophoria at near |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Intracapsular cataract extraction |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Keratometer reading (measures the curvature of the cornea), or abbreviation for cornea |
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Term
|
Definition
| Keratoconjunctivitis sicca |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Procedure to correct vision |
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Term
|
Definition
| Left Hypotropia, right hypotropia |
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Term
|
Definition
| Left hypertropia and right hypertropia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Laser peripeheral iridectomy |
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Term
|
Definition
| Light perception, light perception only |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Manifest (non-cyclopleged) refraction |
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Term
|
Definition
| Mydriacyl & Neosynephrine mixture used for pupil dilation |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Nuclear sclerotic cataract |
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Term
|
Definition
| Neovascularization of the disc |
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Term
|
Definition
| Neovascularization of the retina elsewhere (outside the disc) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Neovascularization of iris |
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Term
|
Definition
| Right eye, left eye, both eyes |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Pilocarpine (with concentration) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Posterior chamber or posterior capsule |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Punctate epithelial erosions |
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Term
|
Definition
| Punctate epithelial granularity |
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Term
|
Definition
| Punctate epithelial keratitis or keratopathy |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pupils equal and reactive to light |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pred Forte Eye Drops, prednisolone acetate |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Penetrating keratoplasty (cornea transplant) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Primary open angle glaucoma |
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Term
|
Definition
| Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pan-retinal photocoagulation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Posterior subcapsular cataract |
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Term
|
Definition
| Posterior vitreous detachment |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Retinopathy of prematurity |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Retinal pigment epithelium |
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Term
|
Definition
| Without refractive correction |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Superficial punctate keratitis (Thygeson or keratopathy) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Subretinal neovascular membrane |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Timoptic (with concentrations) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Worth 4-dot test (in strabismus) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Exotropia, intermittent exotropia |
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Term
|
Definition
| exophoria, exophoria at near |
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Term
|
Definition
| Neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet laser |
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Term
|
Definition
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