Term
Digestive Tract/
Alimentary Canal/
Gastrointestinal Tract (GI Tract) |
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Definition
| A long, continuous tube comprising the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. Accessory organs are the salivary glands, liver, bile ducts, gallbladder, and pancreas. |
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Definition
| The taking in of nutrients through the mouth. |
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Definition
| The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food for use by the body |
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| The transfer of digested food from the small intestine to the blood stream. |
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| The removal of solid waste from the body. |
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Definition
Opening through which food passes into the body; breaks food into small particles by mastication (chewing) and mixing with saliva.
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Definition
Consists mostly of skeletal muscle;
attached in the posterior region of the mouth.
It provides movement of foodfor mustication, directs food to the pharynx for swallowing, and is a major organ for taste and speech. |
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| Seperates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity. |
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| Posterior portion of the palate, not supported by bone |
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| Anterior portion of the palate, supported by bone |
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Soft V-shaped structure that extends from the soft palate;
directs food into the throat |
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Definition
| Performs the swallowing action that passes food from the mouth into the esophagus. |
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Definition
| 10-inch tube that is a passageway for food extending from the pharynx in the stomach. Peristalsis begins here. |
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Definition
| Involuntary wavelike movements that propel food along the digestive tract. This begins in the esophagus. |
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Definition
| J-shaped sac that mixes and stores food. It secretes chemicals for digestion and hormones for local communication control. |
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Definition
| Area around the opening of the esophagus. |
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Definition
| Uppermost domed portion of the stomach. |
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Definition
| Central portion of the stomach. |
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| Lower portion of the stomach. |
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Definition
| Ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum. |
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Definition
20 ft. canal extending from the pyloric sphincter to the large intestine.
Digestion is completed here.
Absorption takes place through the villi. |
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Definition
| Fingerlike projections that line the walls of the small intestine. |
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| First 10 to 12 inches of the small intestine. |
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| Second portion of the small intestine, approximately 8 feet in length. |
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Definition
| Third portion of the small intestine, approximately 11 feet long. This connects with the large intestine. |
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Definition
| Canal that is approximately 5 feet long and extends from the ileum to the anus. Absorption of water and elimination of the solid waste products of digestion take place here. |
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Definition
| Blind (doesn't go anywhere) U-shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine. |
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Definition
Next portion of the large intestine. Divided into four parts:
Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid (Resembling a letter S or Sigma) |
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Definition
| Remaining portion of the large intestine, approximately 8 to 10 inches long, extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus. |
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Definition
| Sphincter muscle (ringlike band of muscle that keeps an opening tight) at the end of a digestive tract. |
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Definition
| Produce saliva, which flows into the mouth. |
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Definition
Produces bile, which is necessary for the digestion of fats.
Performs many other functions with digestion and metabolism. |
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Definition
| Passageways that carry bile through the digestive system. |
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Definition
| A passageway for bile from the liver. |
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Definition
| Passageway that carries bile from the gallbladder. |
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Definition
Hepatic and Cystic ducts join to form this.
Conveys bile to the duodenum. |
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Definition
| Collective name for the Hepatic, Systic, and Common Bile Ducts. |
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Definition
| Small, saclike structure that stores bile. |
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Definition
Produces pancreatic juice, which helps digest all types of food.
Also secretes insulin for carbohydrate metabolism. |
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Definition
| Serous saclike lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities. |
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Definition
| Small pouch, which has no known function in digestion. It is attached to the cecum. |
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Definition
| Portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis. |
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Term
Diverticulum
Pl. Diverticula |
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Definition
| Blind pouch (doesn't go anywhere) that extends from a hollow organ. |
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Definition
| Protrusion of an organ through a membrane or cavity wall. |
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Definition
| Abdomen (Abdominal cavity) |
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| Pylorus, pyloric sphincter |
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| Inflammation of the appendix |
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| Inflammation of the gallbladder. |
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Definition
| Condition of stones in the common bile duct. |
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Definition
| Condition of gallstones (stones in the gallbladder). |
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Definition
| Inflammation of a diverticulum. |
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Definition
| Inflammation of the esophagus. |
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Definition
| Inflammation of the stomach. |
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Definition
| Inflammation of the stomach and intestines. |
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Definition
| Inflammation of the stomach, intestines, and colon. |
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Definition
| Inflammation of the gums. |
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Definition
| Inflammation of the liver. |
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Definition
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| Inflammation of the palate. |
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Definition
| Inflammation of the pancreas. |
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Definition
| Inflammation of the peritoneum. |
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Definition
| Abnormal condition of (multiple) polyps (in the mucous membrane of the intestine, especially the colon; high potential for malignancy). |
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| Stone in the salivary gland. |
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Definition
| Inflammation of the liver associated with (excess) fat; (often caused by alcohol and obesity; over time may cause cirrhosis). |
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Definition
| Inflammation of the uvula. |
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Definition
| Abnormal growing together of two surfaces that normally are seperated. This may occur after abdominal surgery. |
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Definition
| Surgical treatment for adhesion. |
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Definition
| Eating disorder characterized by a prolonged refusal to eat, resulting in emaciation, amenorrhea in females, and abnormal fear of becoming obese. It oocurs primarlily in adolescents and young adults. |
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Definition
| An eating disorder involving gorging with food, followed by induced vomiting or laxative abuse (binging and purging). |
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Term
Celiac disease
Gluten Enteropathy |
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Definition
| A Malabsorption syndrome cause by an immune reaction to gluten (a protein in wheat and barley), which may damage the lining of the small intestine that is responsible for absorption of food into the bloodstream. Considered a multisystem disorder with varying symptoms, including abdominal bloating and pain, chronic diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, fatique, iron deficiency anemia, and a pruritic skin rash known as dermatitis herpetiformis. |
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Definition
| Chronic disease of the liver with gradual destruction of cells and formation of scar tissue commo caused by alcoholism and certain types of viral hepatitis. |
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Term
Chron Disease
Regional Ileitis
Regional Enteritis |
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Definition
| Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract usually affecting the ileum and colon; characterized by cobblestone ulcerations and the formation of scar tissue that may lead to intestinal obstruction. |
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Term
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) |
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Definition
| The abnormal backward flow of the gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus causing heartburn andthe gradual breakdown of the mucous barrier of the esophagus. |
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Term
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Definition
| AN iron metabolism disorder that occurs when too much iron is absorbed from food, resulting in excessive deposits of iron in the tissue; can cause congestive heart failure, diabetes, cirrhosis, or cancer of the liver. |
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Definition
| Swollen or distended veins in the rectal area, which may be internal or external, and can be the source of rectal bleeding. |
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Definition
| Obstruction of the intestine, often caused by failure of peristalsis. |
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Definition
| Telescoping of a segment of the intestine. |
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Term
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) |
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Definition
| Periodic disturbances of bowel function, such as diarrhea and/or constipation, usually associated with abdominal pain. |
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Definition
| Excess body fat (not body weight). |
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Term
Peptic Ulcer
(often referred to as Gastric or Duodenal Ulcer, depending on location) |
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Definition
| Eroded area of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum associated with increased secretion of acid from the stomach, bacterial infection, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
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Definition
| Tumorlike growth extending outward from a mucous membrane; usually benign; common sites are in the nose, throat, and intestines. |
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Definition
| Inflammation of the colon with the formation of ulcers. The main symptom is bloody diarrhea. An ileostomy may be performed to treat this condition. |
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Definition
| Twisting or kinking of the intestine, causing intestinal obstruction. |
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Term
Abdominocentesis
Paracentesis |
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Definition
| Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdominal cavity. |
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Definition
| Surgical repair of the abdomen. |
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Definition
| Surgical repair of the anus. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Excision of the appendix. |
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Definition
| Incision into the abdominal cavity. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Incision into the common bile duct to remove a stone. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Creation of an artificial opening into the colon (through the abdominal wall). Used for the passage of stool. A colostomy, which creates a mouthlike opening on the abdominal wall (stoma), may be permanant or temporary; performed as treatment for bowel obstruction, cancer, or diverticulitis. |
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Definition
| Excision of a diverticulum. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Surgical repair of the esophagus and the stomach. |
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Definition
| Excision of the stomach, or part of the stomach. |
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Definition
| Creation of an artificial opening between the stomach and the jejunum. |
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Definition
| Surgical repair of the stomach. |
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Definition
| Creation of an artificial opening into the stomach through the abdominal wall. A tube is inserted through the opening for administration of food when swallowing is impossible. |
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Definition
| Surgical removal of gum tissue. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Excision of half of the colon. |
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Definition
| Suturing of a hernia for repair. |
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Definition
| Creation of an artificial opening into the ileum through the abdominal wall, creating a stoma (a mouthlike opening on the abdominal wall). Used for the passage of stool. It is performed following total proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease, or cancer. |
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Definition
| Incision into the abdominal cavity. |
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Definition
| Surgical repair of the palate. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Incision into the pyloric muscle. |
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Definition
| Surgical repair of the pylorus. |
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Definition
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Term
| Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) |
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Definition
| Surgical repair of the uvula, palate, and pharynx (performed to correct obstructive sleep apnea). |
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Term
| Abdominoperineal Resection (A&P Resection) |
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Definition
| Removal of the distal colon and rectum through both abdominal and perineal approaches; performed to treat colorectal cancer and iflammatory diseases of the lower large intestine. |
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Term
Anastomosis
(pl. anastomoses) |
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Definition
| An opening by surgically joining two structures, such as blood vessels or bowel segments. |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical reduction of gastric capacity to treat morbid obesity causing serious illness. |
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Definition
| Excision of hemorrhoids, the swollen or distended veins in the rectal region. |
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Definition
| Cutting of certain branches of the vagus nerve, performed with gastric surgery to reduce the amount of gastric acid produced, and thus reduce the recurrence of ulcers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Radiographic image of the bile ducts |
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Definition
| Radiographic imaging of the bile ducts (after administration of contrast media to outline the ducts). |
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Definition
| Radiographic imaging of the colon using a CT scanner and software |
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Term
Esophagogram
(Also called Esophagram and Barium Swallow) |
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Definition
| Radiographic image of the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| Intstrument used for examination of the colon |
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Definition
| Visual examination of the colon |
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Definition
| Intrument used for visual examination within a hollow organ. |
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Definition
| Visual examination within a hollow organ |
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Term
| Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) |
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Definition
| Visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| Visual examination of the esophagus |
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Definition
| Instrument used for visual examination of the stomach |
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Definition
| Visual examination of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
Instrument used for visual examination of the abdominal cavity.
Also used to perform laparoscopic surgery, a method that replaces laparotomy |
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Term
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Definition
| Open abdominal incisional surgery |
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Definition
| Visual examination of the abdominal cavity |
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Definition
| Instrument used for visual examination of the rectum |
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Definition
| Visual examination of the rectum |
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Definition
| Visual examination of the sigmoid colon |
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Term
| Abdominal Ultrasonography |
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Definition
- Process of recording images of internal organs using high-frequency sound waves produced by a transducer placed directly on the skin covering the abdominal cavity.
- Images may be viewed on a monitor and/or recorded for later use.
- The size and structure of organs such as the aorta, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas can be visualized.
- Liver cysts, abscesses, tumors, cholelithiasis, pancreatitis, and pancreatic tumors may be detected.
- May also be used to evaluate the kidneys and the portion of the aorta extending through the abdominal cavity.
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Term
| Barium Enema (also called Lower GI Series) |
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Definition
| Series of radiographic images taken of the large intestine after the contrast agent barium has been administered rectally. |
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Term
| Endoscopic Retrograde Colangiopancreatography (ERCP) |
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Definition
| Radiographic examination of the biliary ducts and pancreatic ducts with contrast media, flouroscopy, and endoscopy; used to evaluate and diagnose obstructions, strictures, stone diseased, pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer |
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Term
| Upper GI (Gastrointestinal) Series |
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Definition
| Series of radiographic images taken of the stomach and duodenum after the contrast agent barium has been swallowed |
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Term
| Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) |
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Definition
| A procedure using an endoscope fitted with an ultrasound probe that provides images of layers of the intestinal wall; used to detect tumors and cystic growths and for staging of maglignant tumors |
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Term
Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)
or Guaiac Test |
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Definition
| A test to detect occult blood in feces. Used to screen for colon cancer or for polyps. Occult refers to blood that is present but can only be detected by chemical testing |
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Term
Heliobacter Pylori (H. Pylori) Antibodies Test
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Definition
| Blood test to determine the presence of H. pylori bacteria. This bacteria can be found in the lining of the stomach and can cause peptic ulcers. Tests for H. pylori are also performed on biopsy specimens and by breath test |
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Definition
| Pertaining to the abdomen |
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Definition
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Definition
Without swallowing
The inability to swallow |
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Definition
| Pertaining to the abdomen |
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Definition
| Pertaining to the colon and rectum |
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Definition
| Pertaining to the duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| Difficult digestion (often used to describe GI symptoms, such as abdominal pain and bloating) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Pertaining to the esophagus |
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Definition
| Pertaining to the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| A physician who studies and treats diseases of the stomach and intestines (GI tract and accessory organs) |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of the stomach and intestines (a branch of medicine that deals with treating diseases of the GI tract and accessory organs |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Pertaining to the ileum and the cecum |
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Definition
| Pertaining to the nose and stomach |
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Definition
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Definition
| Pertaining to the pancreas |
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Definition
| Pertaining to the peritoneum |
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Term
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Definition
| Physician who studies and treats diseases of the rectum |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of the rectum (a branch of medicine that deals with disorders of the rectum and anus) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Discharge of fat (excessive amount of fat in the stool, causing frothy, foul-smellingsually fecal matter usually associated with the malabsorption of fat in conditions such as chronic pancreatitis and celiac disease) |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal condition of fat (increased fat at the cllular level often affecting the liver) |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the mouth (mucous membrane) |
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Term
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Definition
| Pertaining to the mouth and the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| Pertaining to under the tongue |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| Frequent discharge of liquid stool |
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Term
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Definition
| Disorder that involves inflammation of the intestine (usually the large intestine) usually associated with diarrhea or abdominal pain |
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Term
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Definition
| Expelling matter from the stomach through the mouth |
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Term
| Feces, Stool, or Fecal Matter |
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Definition
| Waste from the digestive tract expelled through the rectum. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gas in the digestive tract or expelled thorough the anus |
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Term
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Definition
| Washing out of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of feeding a person through a nasogastric tube |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Impaired digestion or intestinal absorption of nutrition |
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Term
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Definition
| Black, tarry stool that contains digested blood; usually a result of bleeding in the upper GI tract |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Involuntary wavelike contractions that propel food along the digestive tract |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal backward flow. In esophageal ------, the stomach contents flow back into the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
Surgical opening between an organ and the surface of the body, such as the opening established in the abdominal wall by colostomy, ileostomy, or a similar operation.
Also, an opening created between body structures or between portions of the intestines. |
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Term
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Definition
| Abdominoperineal Resection |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Esaphagogastroduodenoscopy |
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Term
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Definition
| Endoscopic Retrograde Choloangiopancreatography |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Gastrophageal Reflux Disease |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty |
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