Term
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Definition
| the tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of the bone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of the bone |
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Term
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Definition
| lighter, weaker less compact bone, commonly found in the ends and inner portions of long bones such as the femur; red bone marrow is located within it |
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Term
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Definition
| located in the shaft of a long bone and is surrounded by compact bone |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to the inner section |
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Term
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Definition
| the tissue that lines the medullary cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| functions as fat storage area in the medullary cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| the smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones; also makes up the more flexible parts of the skeleton such as the outer ear and the tip of the nose |
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Term
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Definition
| covers the surface of bones where they come together to form joints |
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Term
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Definition
| the curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the knee and the temporomandibular joint of the jaw |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the ide end of a long bone covered with articular cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| an opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass |
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Term
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Definition
| a normal projection on the surface of a bone that serves as an attachment for muscles and tendons |
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Term
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Definition
| the space through which the spinal cord passes through the occipital bone |
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Term
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Definition
| the bony projection located on temporal bones just behind the ears |
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Term
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Definition
| articulations; the place of union between two or more bones |
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Term
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Definition
| consist of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue that hold the bones tightly together; known as sutures; do not allow any movement |
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Term
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Definition
| soft spots present on the skull of a newborn that facilitate passage through the birth canal |
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Term
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Definition
| allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| the cartilaginous joint that allows some movement to facilitate childbirth |
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Term
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Definition
| created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions; ball and socket joints and hinge joints |
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Term
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Definition
| allow a wide range of movement in many directions |
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Term
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Definition
| knees and elbows; allow movement primarily in one direction or plane |
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Term
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Definition
| the outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint |
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Term
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Definition
| lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| acts as a lubricant to make the smooth movement of the joint possible |
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Term
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Definition
| bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone, or a bone to cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| a fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction such as the shoulder, elbow, and knee joints where a tendon passes over a bone |
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Term
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Definition
| protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems |
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Term
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Definition
| makes body movement possible and also protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction |
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Term
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Definition
-8 bones that form the cranium
-14 bones that form the face
-6 bones in the middle ear |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cranial bone; roof and upper sides of the cranium |
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Term
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Definition
| cranial bone; forms the posterior floor and walls of the cranium |
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Term
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Definition
| cranial bone; form the sides and base of the cranium |
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Term
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Definition
| cranial bone; forms part of the base of the skull and parts of the floor and sides of the orbit |
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Term
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Definition
| the bony socket that surrounds and protects the eyeball |
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Term
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Definition
| cranial bone; forms part of the posterior portion of the nose, the orbit, and the floor of the cranium |
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Term
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Definition
| the 6 tiny bones of the middle ear |
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Term
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Definition
| located in the temporal bone on each side of the skull; the opening of the external auditory canal of the outer ear |
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Term
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Definition
| the external opening of a canal |
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Term
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Definition
| cheekbones; articulate with the frontal bone |
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Term
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Definition
| maxillae; form most of the upper jaw |
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Term
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Definition
| form part of the hard palate of the mouth and the floor of the nose |
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Term
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Definition
| make up part of the orbit at the inner angle of the eye |
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Term
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Definition
| the thin, scroll-like bones that form part of the interior of the nose |
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Term
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Definition
| forms the base for the nasal septum |
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Term
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Definition
| the cartilage wall that divides the two nasal cavities |
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Term
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Definition
| jawbone; the only movable bone of the skull |
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Term
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Definition
| the joint that attaches the mandible to the skull |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the first 7 pairs of ribs, attached to the sternum |
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Term
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Definition
| the next 3 pairs of ribs, attached anteriorly to cartilage that joins the sternum |
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Term
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Definition
| the last 2 pairs of ribs, only attached posteriorly |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum |
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Term
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Definition
| the bony structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum |
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Term
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Definition
| the structure made of cartilage that forms the lower portion of the sternum |
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Term
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Definition
| formed by the shoulders; shoulder girld |
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Term
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Definition
| structure that encircles the body |
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Term
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Definition
| collar bone; connects manubrium to scapula |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an extension of the scapula that forms the high point of the shoulder |
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Term
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Definition
| forearm bone; runs up the thumb side |
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Term
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Definition
| forearm bone; articulates with the distal end of the humerus to form the elbow joint |
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Term
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Definition
| funny bone; a large projection on the upper end of the ulna; forms the point of the elbow |
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Term
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Definition
| bones that form the wrist |
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Term
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Definition
| the five bones that form the palms of the hand |
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Term
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Definition
| the 14 bones of the fingers |
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Term
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Definition
| the solid anterior portion |
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Term
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Definition
| the posterior portion of a vertebra; the transverse and spinous processes extend from this area |
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Term
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Definition
| the opening of the middle of the vertebra through which the spinal cord passes |
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Term
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Definition
| first set of seven vertebrae; form the neck |
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Term
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Definition
| second set of 12 vertebrae; outward curve of the spine |
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Term
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Definition
| third set of five vertebrae; inward curve of the spine; largest and strongest, bearing most of the body's weight |
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Term
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Definition
| the slightly curved, triangular-shaped bone near the base of the spine that forms the lower portion of the back |
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Term
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Definition
| tailbone; forms the end of the spine; made up of 4 small vertebrae that are fused together |
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Term
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Definition
| made of cartilage; separate and cushion the vertebrae from each other |
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Term
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Definition
| protects internal organs and supports the lower extremities; consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis |
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Term
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Definition
| the broad blade-shaped bone that forms the back and sides of the pubic bone |
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Term
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Definition
| the slightly movable articulation between the sacrum and the posterior portion of the ilium |
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Term
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Definition
| the lower posterior portion of the pubic bone; bears the weight of the body when sitting |
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Term
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Definition
| the anterior portion of the pubic bone; located just below the urinary bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| hip socket; the large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint |
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Term
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Definition
| the narrow area just below the head of the femur |
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Term
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Definition
| the posterior space behind the knee where the ligaments, vessels, and muscles related to the knee joint are located |
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Term
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Definition
| make possible the movements of knee; shaped like a cross |
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Term
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Definition
| the rounded bony protuberance on each side of the ankle |
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Term
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Definition
| tarsal bone; anklebone that articulates with the tibia and fibula |
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Term
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Definition
| tarsal bone; heel bone, the largest of the tarsals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| specializes in the manipulative treatment of disorders originating from misalignment of the spine |
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Term
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Definition
| involves manually adjusting the positions of the bones |
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Term
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Definition
| a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| uses traditional forms of medical treatment in addition to specializing in treating health problems by spinal manipulation |
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Term
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Definition
| specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the loss, or absence, of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury, or a surgical procedure |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the bursa |
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Term
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Definition
| softening of the cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| a slow-growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum |
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Term
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Definition
| bunion; abnormal enlargment of the joint at the base of the great toe |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the synovial membrane that resuls in swelling and pain of the affected joint |
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Term
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Definition
| luxation; the total displacement of a bone from its joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| the partial displacement of a bone from its joint |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammatory condition of one or more joints |
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Term
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Definition
| wear-and-tear arthritis; most commonly associated with aging |
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Term
| degenerative joint disease |
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Definition
| osteoarthritis; characterized by the wearing away of the articular cartilage between joints |
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Term
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Definition
| spinal osteoarthritis; a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and fxn |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid in the joints |
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Term
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Definition
| a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked; attacks the synovial membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| progressive stiffening of a joint or joints |
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Term
| juvenile rheumatoid arthritis |
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Definition
| autoimmune disorder that affects children 16 and under with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, slowed growth, and fatigue |
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Term
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Definition
| slipped or ruptured disk; the breaking apart of an intervertebral disk that results in pressure on spinal nerve roots |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the forward slipping movement of the body on one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy with the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side; humpback or dowager's hump |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine; swayback |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures |
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Term
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Definition
| bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaces it with fibrous tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| osteodynia; pain in the bone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone; bacterial infection |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, and/or phosphates |
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Term
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Definition
| the death of bone tissue due to a lack of sufficient blood supply |
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Term
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Definition
| osteitis deformans; bone disease of unknown cause characterized by the excessive breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the periostieum |
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Term
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Definition
| infantile osteomalacia; defective bone growth caused by vitamin D deficiency in young children |
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Term
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Definition
| the condition resulting from the failure of the bones of the limbs to grow to an appropriate length |
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Term
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Definition
| club foot; any congenital deformity of the foot involving the talus |
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Term
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Definition
| relatively rare malignant cancer that originates in bone |
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Term
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Definition
| a tumor that occurs in the bones of the upper arm, legs, pelvis, or rib; peak incidence bw 10 and 20 years of age |
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Term
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Definition
| tumors that have metastasized to bones from other organs |
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Term
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Definition
| type of cancer that occurs in the hematopoietic bone marrow |
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Term
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Definition
| a benign bony projection covered with cartilage; exostosis |
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Term
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Definition
| a marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| thinner than average bone density in a young person |
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Term
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Definition
| vertebral crush fracture; occurs when bone is pressed togther on itself; results in pain, loss of height, and development of dowager's hump |
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Term
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Definition
| fractured wrist; fracture occurring at the lower end of the radius when a person tries to stop a fall by landing on his or her hands |
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Term
| osteoporotic hip fracture |
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Definition
| broken hip that can be the result of a spontaneous fracture or a fall |
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Term
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Definition
| simple fracture; complete fracture; fracture in which the bone is broken but there is no open wound in the skin |
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Term
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Definition
| compound fracture; broken bone and skin wound |
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Term
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Definition
| bone is splintered or crushed |
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Term
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Definition
| incomplete fracture; bone is bent or only partially broken |
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Term
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Definition
| fracture that occurs at an angle across the bone |
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Term
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Definition
| fracture that occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain |
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Term
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Definition
| in which the bone has been twisted apart |
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Term
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Definition
| an overuse injury; a small crack in the bone that develops from chronic, excessive impact |
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Term
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Definition
| fracture that occurs straight across the bone |
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Term
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Definition
| forms when a long bone is fractured and fat cells from ybm are released into the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together |
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Term
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Definition
| a bulging deposit around the area of the break that eventually becomes bone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the visual examination of the internal structure of a joint |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of a syringe to withdraw liquid bone marrow |
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Term
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
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Definition
| used to image soft tissue structures such as the interior of complex joints |
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Term
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Definition
| tests used to determine losses or changes in bone density |
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Term
| ultrasonic bone density testing |
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Definition
| a screening test for osteoporosis or other conditions that cause a loss of bone mass; sound waves are used to take measurements of the heel bone |
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Term
| dual x-ray absorptiometry |
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Definition
| a low-exposure radiograph measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density; more accurate |
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Term
| allogenic bone marrow transplant |
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Definition
| uses healthy bone marrow cells from a compatible donor |
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Term
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Definition
| the patient receives his own bone marrow cells which have been harvested, cleansed, treated, and then stored before the remaining bone marrow is destroyed |
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Term
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Definition
| a mechanical appliance such as a splint that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function |
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Term
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Definition
| a substitute for a diseased or missing body part |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical ankylosis; the surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint |
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Term
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Definition
| the surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical fixation of a bone or joint |
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Term
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Definition
| a minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of the interior of a joint |
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Term
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Definition
| the surgical removal of a bursa |
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Term
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Definition
| the surgical repair of damaged cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| the surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint |
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Term
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Definition
| the surgical replacement of an artificial joint |
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Term
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Definition
| the prosthesis replacing the joint |
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Term
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Definition
| surgery in which a plastic lining is fitted into the acetabulum to restore a smooth surface; the head of the femur is removed and replaced with a metal ball attached to a metal shaft fitted to the femur |
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Term
| bone-conserving hip resurfacing |
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Definition
| hip replacement without removing the head of the femur |
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Term
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Definition
| replacement of a worn or failed implant |
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Term
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Definition
| treatment for herniated invertertebral disks; a thin tube is inserted through the skin of the back to suction out the ruptured disk or to vaporize it with a laser |
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Term
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Definition
| performed through the skin |
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Term
| percutaneous vertebroplasty |
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Definition
| performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures |
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Term
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Definition
| the surgical removal of a lamina |
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Term
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Definition
| technique to immobilize part of the spine by fusing two or more vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical removal of a portion of the skull |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical incision or opening into the skull |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical repair of the skull |
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Term
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Definition
| the surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical suturing, or wiring together, of bones |
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Term
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Definition
| manipulation; the attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture or joint dislocation (setting the bone externally) |
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Term
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Definition
| setting the bone via surgery |
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Term
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Definition
| the act of holding, suturing, or fastening the bone in a fixed position with a strapping or a cast |
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Term
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Definition
| a pulling force exhibited on a limb in a distal direction in an effort to return the bone or joint to normal alignment |
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Term
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Definition
| fracture treatment in which pins are placed through the soft tissues and bones so that an external appliance can be used to hold the pieces of bone firmly in place during healing |
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Term
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Definition
| a fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place; normally not removed |
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