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| The musculoskeletal system consists of three different parts- |
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Definition
| bones, joints (articulations), and muscles |
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| Bones are connected to one another by fibrous bands of tissue called _______. |
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| Muscles are attached to the bone by bands of tissue called _______. |
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| The tough fibrous covering of the muscles is called the _______. |
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| is a flexible form of connective tissue that covers the is a flexible form of connective tissue that covers the ends of many bones, gives form to the external ear and tip of the nose, and provides support and protection to many other sites in the body. |
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| the continual formation of blood |
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| the specialty that deals with the majority of musculoskeletal disorders. |
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| specialty that deals with disorders of connective tissue, including bone and cartilage. |
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| physiatry or physical medicine |
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| concerns diagnosis and treatment of disease or injury with the use of physical agents, such as exercise, heat, massage, and light. |
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| consists of skull, rib cage, and spine |
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| shoulder bones, collar bones, pelvic bones, arms, and legs |
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| what are the five shapes of human bones? |
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| long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid |
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| material between the cells |
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| cells that break down bone cells to transform them |
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| cells that break down bone cells to transform them |
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| the osteocytes and matrix together make up this hard, outer layer |
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| spongy bone is also know as |
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| within the compact bony tissue is a second layer of bony tissue |
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| where is the medulary cavity located? |
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| bone marrow produces what? |
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| all of the blood cells needed by the body |
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| the long shaft of the long bone |
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| the areas where bone growth normally occurs |
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| when do the epiphyseal plates close? |
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| the epiphysis and the epiphyseal plate form this |
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| the outer covering of the bone |
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| the inner lining of the bone |
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| the endosteum and periosteum are responsible for what? |
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| a hollow space in the bone |
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| raised or projected areas where ligaments and tendons often attach |
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| a hollow or depression, especially on the surface of the end of a bone |
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| a cavity or channel lined with a membrane |
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| a rounded projection at the end of a bone that anchors the ligaments and articulates with adjacent bones |
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| a projection on the surface of the bone above the condyle |
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| narrow elongated elevation |
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| rounded usually proximal portion of some long bones |
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| one of two bony projections on the proximal ends of the femurs as points of attachment for muscles |
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| nodule or small raised area |
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| elevation or protuberance, larger than a tubercle |
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| What are the two parts the skull is made of? |
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| What encloses and protects the brain? |
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| What are the bones of the cranium? |
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| frontal, parietal,occipital, temporal, ethmoid, sphenoid, paranasal |
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| forms the anterior part of the skull and forehead |
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| form the sides of the cranium |
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| forms the back of the skull, notable large hole for spinal cord |
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| form the lower two sides of the cranium |
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| the posterior part of the bone behind the ear |
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| forms the roof and walls of the nasal cavity |
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| anterior to the temporal bones and the basilar part of the occipital bone |
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| air filled cavities that are named for the bones in which they are located. each is lined with a mucous membrane. |
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| Zygoma, lacrimal, maxila, mandible, vomer, palatine, nasal turbinates, nasal bones |
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| paired bone sat the corner of each eye that cradle the tear ducts |
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| upper jaw bone, aka maxillary bone |
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| bone that forms the posterior/inferior part of the nasal septal wall between the nostrils |
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| shell-shaped structures that make up part of the roof of the mouth |
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| nasal turbinates (conchae) |
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| make up part of the interior of the nose |
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| pair of small bones that make up the bridge of the nose |
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| twelve pairs of thin, flat bones attached to the thoracic vertebrae in the back |
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| seven pairs attached directly to the breastbone in the front of the body |
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| five pairs attached to the sternum by cartilage. two are false ribs called floating ribs |
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| sternum is also known as what? |
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| the sharp point at the most inferior aspect of the sternum |
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| describe the spinal or vertebral column |
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| divided into five regions from the neck to the tailbone |
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| how many vertebrae are there? |
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| thin, platelike arches in the vertebrae |
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| processes that articulate between vertebrae |
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| sacrum (S1-S5) (five bones, fused) |
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| the lateral protrusion of the scapula that forms the highest point of the shoulder |
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| lower lateral arm bone parallel to the ulna |
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| bones of the upper extremities |
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| humerus, radius, ulna, carpus, metacarpus, phalanx |
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| lower lateral arm bone parallel to the ulna. |
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| proximal projection of the ulna that forms the tips of the elbow |
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| one of the five bones that form the middle part of the hand |
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| one of the 14 bones that constitute the fingers of the hand |
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| lower half of the appendicular skeleton |
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| pelvis and lower extremities |
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| the socket into which the femoral head fits |
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| pelvic bones consist of what three bones? |
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| the superior and widest bone of the pelvis |
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| the lower portion of the pelvic bone |
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| the lower anterior part of the pelvic bone |
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| thigh bone, upper leg bone |
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| shin bone, lower medial leg bone |
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| smaller, lower lateral leg bone |
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| process on the distal ends of tibia and fibula |
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| one of the seven bones of the ankle, hindfoot, and midfoot. |
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| no ROM, immovable joints held together by fibrous cartilaginous tissue. ex. skull |
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| limited ROM, held together by cartilage. ex. vertebrae |
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| full ROM, free movement. Ex. knee or hip |
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| diarthroses are also known as what? |
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| which joint is the most complex? |
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| sacs of fluid that are located between the bones |
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| what cushions the joint when it moves? |
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| shaped cartilage in the knee joint |
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| strong bands of white fibrous conn. tissue that connects one bone to another at the joints. |
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| tissue that is composed of cells with the ability to contract and relax |
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| striated and allows the skeleton to move voluntarily |
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| responsible for involuntary movement of the organs |
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| pumps blood to the circulatory system |
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| strong fibrous bands of connective tissue that attach muscles to bones |
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| the bone that is at the end of the attachment and nearest to the trunk |
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| the function of the muscle |
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| the muscles that contain a flexor and extensor |
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| work together to refine a movement |
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| location, number of insertions, size, shape, muscle action, origin/insertion |
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| process of stretching out; increasing the angle of a joint |
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| process of decreasing the angle of a joint |
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| process of carrying away from the midline |
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| process of carrying toward the midline |
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| turning the palm downward |
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| lowering the foot; pointing the toes away from the skin |
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| process of pulling forward; the forward movement of a muscle |
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| process of backward pulling; the backward movement of a muscle |
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| process of a one turning on its axis |
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| process of carrying around; circular motion |
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| disorder of the development of cartilage at the epiphyses |
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| group of disorders with inherited progressive atrophy of skeletal muscle |
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| condition of more than five fingers or toes on one hand |
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| congenital malformation of the bony spinal canal without involvement of the spinal cord |
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| condition of the joining of the fingers or toes, webbed |
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| contraction of the muscles of the neck, wryneck |
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| inflammation/infection of the bone and bone marrow |
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| loss of bone mass, fragile bones |
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| inflammation of rib cartilage |
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| traumatic injury involving the ligaments |
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| overuse or overstretching of muscle or tendon |
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| bone that is completely out of its place in a joint |
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| if the bone is partially out of its joint |
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| swelling within the fascia, increased pressure limits blood supply which causes nerve and muscle damage |
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| fracture at distal end of the radius at epiphysis |
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| crushed or shattered bone |
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| broken bone that pierces an internal organ |
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| fractured area of bone collapses on itself |
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| partially bent, partially broken |
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| broken bones with ends driven into each other |
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| fracture of epiphyseal plate in children |
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| imaging technology that records transverse planes of the body for dianostics |
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| dual energy x-ray absorptiometry |
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| records electrical activities of muscles |
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| xray of spinal canal with contrast medium |
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| diagnostic test where the back of the hands are pressed together to to elicit the symptoms of CTS |
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| lab test for RF present in the blood |
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| measure calcium in the blood |
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| when a bone does not mend and align correctly |
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| when no healing of a bone takes place |
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| a piece of bone that does not have a renewed blood supply and dies |
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| non invasive stabilization of broken bones |
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| use of pins, screws, plates, and so one to correct broken bone alignement |
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| alignment and immobilization of the ends of a broken bone. aka manipulation |
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| open reduction using internal fixation |
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| closed reduction using external fixation |
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| minimally invasive procedure to address the pain of a fractured vertebrae |
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| removal of one or more of the bony arches of the vertebrae to relieve compression |
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| used in treatment of spinal fractures |
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| refracture to fix malunion |
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| surgical repair of a bone |
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| surgical repair of a ligament |
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| surgical repair of a muscle and a tendon |
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| reduce inflammation and pain. ex. NSAIDS |
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| prevent and sometimes reverse bone loss |
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| disease modifying antirheumatic drugs |
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| slow progression of rheumatoid arthritis while reducing signs and symptoms |
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| relieve muscle pain spasms |
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| first cervical through seventh |
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| dual energy x-ray absorptiometry |
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| distal interphalangeal joint |
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| degenerative joint disease |
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| first lumbar through fifth |
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| proximal interphalangeal joint |
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| systemic lupus erythematosus |
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