Term
| Layers of tissue in the heart |
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Definition
| endocardium- inner, myocardium- thick muscular, epicardium- thin outer, and the visceral pericardium- outer serous membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| visceral- attached to heart, and parietal- outer pericardial layer, separated by pericardial space, filled with pericardial fluid- lubricates cardiac movement |
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Definition
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Definition
| separates left and right ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
| bicuspid (mitral) valve - left, and tricuspid valve - right |
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Term
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Definition
Systole - contraction phase
Diastole - relaxation phase |
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Term
| Blood Pressure / Measurement |
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Definition
| Force that circulating blood exerts against walls of blood vessels, measured by a sphygmomanometer |
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Definition
| fluid in which blood cells are suspended, makes up 55% of blood |
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Term
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Definition
Erythrocyte - red - carries oxygen
Leukocyte - white - fights infection
Thrombocyte - platelet - clotting |
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Definition
| clear watery fluid portion of the blood that remains after a clot has formed |
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Definition
| derived from interstitial fluid |
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Definition
| capillaries, vessels, ducts, --> rejoins cardiovascular system through the veinous return system |
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Term
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Definition
| largest lymphatic organ, filters blood, destroys old blood cells and platelets, and produces white blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| protection, resistance to pathogens |
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Definition
| Present at birth, body's natural ability to contain and destroy bacteria and foreign organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| Natural killer cells (lymphocytes) release cytokines which nonspecifically attack tumor and virally infected cells |
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Term
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Definition
Can be acquired when pre-formed antibodies are received - not produced internally
(transfer of antibodies across placental membrane) |
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Term
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Definition
| can be acquired when the presence of disease generates the production of antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| targeted immune responses against particular microorganisms |
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Definition
arise from stem cells with unique antigen receptors, binds to antigens and proliferate as memory cells or antibody-producing plasma cells
(Humoral Immunity) |
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Term
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Definition
| when presented with antigen, they become sensitized and multiply rapidly, some forming cytotoxic cells, which participate directly in the destruction of antigens. |
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Term
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Definition
| T cells release cytokines, for example interferon and interleukin, at the site of infection to aid cells in destroying antigens. Helper T cells and suppressor T cells serve a regulatory function for specific immune mechanisms. |
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Definition
| derived from moncytes, stimulate B and T cell responses by binding and presenting antigens to these lymphocytes |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| rheumatic fever / heart disease |
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Definition
| inflammatory disease often caused by streptococcal infection of the respiratory tract |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid collecting in pericardial space leads to compression, slowing the return of blood from the lungs to the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| structural or functional abnormalities of the heart that are present from birth. These defects in development may result from genetic causes, environmental factors, or some combination of both |
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Term
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Definition
| localized narrowing of the aorta |
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Term
| Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) |
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Definition
| Condition where the heart fails to pump a sufficient amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs |
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Term
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) or
Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) |
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Definition
| Narrowing or complete obstruction of a large artery, caused by artherosclerosis |
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Term
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Definition
| common arterial disorder in which deposits of yellowish plaques of cholesterol, lipid and cellular debris are formed in the walls of arteries |
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Term
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Definition
| thickening, loss of elasticity and calcification of the walls of smaller arteries |
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Definition
| abnormal clotting resulting in a clot that blocks a coronary artery |
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Term
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Definition
| decreased supply of oxygenated blood, caused by atherosclerosis or thrombosis |
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Term
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Definition
| dilation or ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall, most commonly found in the aorta |
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Term
| Intermittent claudication |
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Definition
| classic early symptom of PVD, cramp-like pain in the calf muscles that is caused by exercise and relieved by rest |
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Term
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Definition
| swollen and twisted veins that re usually found in the lower extremities, occur when venous valves become damaged and fail to prevent the backward flow and pooling of blood in the legs |
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Term
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Definition
| sustained elevation of blood pressure above 140/90 |
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Definition
| associated with obesity, smoking, etc. |
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Definition
| has a specific cause, treatment via medication or surgery to correct the underlying cause |
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Definition
5th most common cancer in US, any malignant neoplasm of the lymph nodes or tissue
Hodgkins - idiopathic, characterized by progressive enlargement of lymph tissue.
non-Hodgkins - comprises a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue |
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Definition
| usually a benign tumor of the thymus gland, surgery is the preferred method of treatment |
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Definition
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Definition
| process by which bleeding is stopped |
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Definition
| overwhelming blood infection |
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Definition
| abnormal condition or temperament of the blood or bone marrow |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| reduction in the number of red blood cells and the amount of hemoglobin |
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Definition
| any abnormal reduction in the number of blood cells |
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Definition
| an abnormal reduction of all blood cells |
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Definition
| red blood cells are misshapen resulting in the body destrying them |
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Definition
| painful swelling of the fingers or toes, result of a sickle-cell crises |
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Definition
| hereditary bleeding disorder, prolonged coagulation time |
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Definition
| life threatening hypersensitivity reaction that occurs throughout the body |
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Term
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Definition
| uses high frequency sound waves to visualize structures and record the function of the heart |
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Term
| Digital Subraction Angiography (DSA) |
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Definition
| technique that improves upon traditional angiography, subtracts structures not being studied |
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Term
| Thallium stress testing and SPECT |
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Definition
| used to identify areas of ischemia and infarction |
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Term
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Definition
| a probe transmitter measures the velocity of blood through a vessel |
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Definition
| complete blood count, measures the number of red and white cells per cubic mm |
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Definition
| test to determine HIV infection |
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Definition
| surgical treatment for mitral stenosis, involves dividing the mitral valve at the junction of its cusps |
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Definition
| surgical puncture to aspirate fluid |
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Definition
| process in which blood is withdrawn from a vein, white blood cells are selectively removed, and the remaining blood is reinfused into the donor |
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Term
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Definition
| combinations of the following medication types: reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) and viral protease inhibitors |
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