aden/o

gland

adrenal/o

adrenal gland

adren/o

adrenal gland

calc/o

calcium

gluc/o

sugar, sweetness

glyco/o

sugar, sweetness

pancreat/o

pancreas

parathyroid/o

parathyroid gland

thym/o

thymus gland

thyr/o, thyroid/o

thyroid gland

toxic/o

poison

-emia

blood condition

-dispia

thirst

-trophy

development, nourishment

-al

pertaining to; relating to

-ectomy

excision; removal

poly-

much, many

hyper-

excessive, above normal

-megaly

enlargement

hypo-

under, below, deficient

-genesis

forming, producing, origin

What are the posterior pituitary hormones?

ADH, oxytocin

What are the anterior pituitary hormones?

GH, ACTH, TSH, FSH & LH, and Prolactin

What is the target organ for GH?

bones and general growth

What is the target organ of FSH & LH?

testes & ovaries

What is the target organ of ACTH?

adrenal cortex

What is the target organ of TSH?

Thyroid

What is the target organ of prolactin?

mammary glands

What is the target organ of oxytocin?

mammary glands & uterus

What is the target organ of ADH?

kidneys

 What is the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland called?

adenohypophysis

What is the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland called?

neurohypophysis

What does FSH stand for?

Follicle stimulating hormone

What does LH stand for?

luteinizing hormone

What does ACTH stand for?

adenocorticotropic hormone

What are the 4 characteristics of hormones?

1. produced primarily by endocrine glands

2. released in minute amounts and slowly directly into bloodstream

3. they are chemical substances produced by specialized cells in the body

4. most are inactivated or excreted by the liver & kidneys

anter/o

anterior, front

poster/o

posterior, back, behind

radi/o

radiation, xray

neur/o

nerve

Where are the hormones stored in the nerohypophysis produced at?

hypothalmus

Where does the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland arise from?

an upgrowth of the pharynx

Where does the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland arise from?

a downgrowth from base of brain

What is another term for the pituitary gland?

hypophysis

What is the function of ADH?

to increase water reabsorption returning it back to the blood

What does a hyposecretion of ADH cause?

diabetes insipidus

What is another name for GH?

somatotropin

Whats the function of GH?

stimulates somatic growth & increases use of fats for energy

What does hypersecretion of ACTH cause?

Cushing disease

In conjuction with parathyroid hormone (PTH), what thyroid hormone helps regulate calcium levls in the blood?

calcitonin

What are the 3 thyroid hormones?

Calcitonin, thyroxine (T4), & triiodothyronine (T3)

What thyroid hormone increase energy production from all food types?

T3 (thyroxine) & T4 triiodothyronine

What thyroid hormone increases rate of protein synthesis?

T3(Thyroxine) and T4(triiodothyronine)

What does hyposecretion of T3 and/or T4 cause?

in infants: cretinism, in adults: myxedema

What does hypersecretion of T3 and/or T4 cause?

Graves disease & exophthalmos

-para

near, beside, beyond

What are the target organs of PTH?

small intestine, kidneys, bones

What is the function of PTH of the bones, kidneys, and small intestine?

increases absorption of calcium and phosphate

What does hyposecretion of PTH cause?

tetany (involuntary muscle contractions)

What does hypersecretion of PTH cause?

osteitis fibrosa cystica

What are the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex?

glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), sex hormones, & epi (adrenaline) and norepi

What are the 2 pancreatic hormones?

glucagon, insulin

A hyposecretion of which adrenal hormones cause addison disease?

mineralocorticoids & glucocorticoids

What does glucagon do?

converts glucogen to glucose

What does insulin do?

converts glucose to glycogen

If someone has hyperglycemia, is it a problem of not enough glucagon or insulin?

insulin (insulin converts glucose to glycogen, so excessive sugar is caused from a defect in that insulin)

Type 1 Diabetes is insulin dependent (IDDM), true or false?

true

What does NIDDM stand for?

non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

phagia

eating

uria

urination

pexy

fixation

oophor/o

ovary

orch/o, orchid/o, orchi/o

testes

cerebr/o

cerebrum

spin

spine

encephal/o

brain

gli/o

glue; neroglial tissue

mening/o, meningi/o

meninges

myel/o

bone marrow, spinal cord

-lysis

seperation, looseing, destruction

-paresis

partial paralysis

hemi-

one half

quadri-

four

-phasia

speech

-plegia

paralysis

-malacia

softening

What is another name for a platelet?

thrombocyte

thromb/o

blood clot

-rrhage

bursting forth of

scler/o

hardening, sclera

dur

dura mater, hard

-oid

resembling

what are the two types of cells of the nervous system?

neurons & neuroglia

abbreviation: po

orally

Cluster of symptoms caused by excessive amounts of cortisol or ACTH circulating in the blood

Cushing syndrome

chronic disorder caused by deficiency of cortical hormones, results when adrenal cortex is damaged

Addison disease

dermat/o

skin

acr/o

extremeties

enter/o

intestines

vascul/o

blood vessel

-penia

decrease, deficiency

nephr/o, ren/o

kidney

hidr/o

sweat

endo-

within

-lith

stone, calculus

advanced hypothyroidism resulting from hypofunction of the thyroid gland

myxedema

autoimmune disorder that involves growth of the thyroid associated with hypersecretion of thyroxine

Graves disease

inflammation of spinal cord gray matter caused by a virus, often resulting in spinal and muscle deformity

poliomyelitis

small cell tumor, usually located in the adrenal medulla

pheocromocytoma

more severe form of spina bifida

spina bifida cystica

less severe form of spina bifidia & most common

spina bifida occulta