Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Medical Terminology
Module 2 Chapter 2 Body Cavaties
151
Health Care
Undergraduate 1
09/15/2011

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
-crine
Definition
means to secrete
Term
-eal
Definition
Pertaining to
Term
-ic
Definition
Pertaining to
Term
-itis
Definition
inflammation
Term
-malacia
Definition
abnormal softening
Term
-oma
Definition
tumor
Term
-ose
Definition
Pertaining to
Term
-osis
Definition
an abnormal condition or disease
Term
-plasia
Definition
means formation
Term
-plasm
Definition
means formative material of cells
Term
-sclerosis
Definition
abnormal hardening
Term
-tics
Definition
Pertaining to
Term
-trophy
Definition
means development
Term
a-
Definition
means without
Term
Abdominal cavity
Definition
Contains primarily the major organs of digestion
Term
aden/o
Definition
gland
Term
adip
Definition
fat
Term
adipose tissue
Definition
also known as fat, provides protective padding, insulation, and support
Term
adult stem cells
Definition
are undifferentiated (not having a specialized function or structure) cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ. Also known as somatic stem cells
Term
airborne transmission
Definition
occurs through contact with contaminated respiratory droplets spread by a cough or sneeze
Term
-al
Definition
Pertaining to
Term
ana-
Definition
excessive
Term
anaplasia
Definition
a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other
Term
anomaly
Definition
a deviation from what is regarded as normal
Term
Anter
Definition
Front or before
Term
aplasia
Definition
the defective development, or the congenital absense, of an organ or tissue
Term
-ar
Definition
Pertaining to
Term
atresia
Definition
describes the congenital absense of a normal opening or the failure of a structure to be tubular
Term
autopsy
Definition
postmortem examination
Term
bilateral
Definition
Relating to, or having, two sides
Term
bloodborne transmission
Definition
the spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood
Term
Body cavities
Definition
Are spaces within the body that contain and protect internal organs (dorsal and ventral)
Term
carcin
Definition
cancerous
Term
caud
Definition
Tail or lower part of the body
Term
cell membrane
Definition
is the tissue that surrounds and protects the contents of the cell by separting them from its external environment
Term
cells
Definition
the basic structural and functional units of the body
Term
cephal
Definition
Head
Term
Chondr/i
Definition
Cartilage
Term
chromosomes
Definition
are the genetic structures located within the nucleus of each cell.
Term
communicable disease
Definition
also known as contagious disease, any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either by direct or by indirect contact with contaminated objects
Term
congenital disorder
Definition
an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth
Term
connective tissues
Definition
support and connect organs and other body tissues
Term
Cranial cavity
Definition
Located within the skull, surrounds and protects the brain.
Term
cystic fibrosis
Definition
a genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems
Term
cyt-
Definition
cell
Term
cytology
Definition
is the study of the anatomy, physiology, pathology, and chemistry of the cell
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
Term
dem
Definition
population
Term
dense connective tissues
Definition
such as bone and cartilage, form the joints and framework of the body
Term
developmental disorder
Definition
also known as birth defect, can result in an amonaly or malformation such as the absence of a limb or the presence of an extra toe
Term
diaphragm
Definition
The muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
Term
distal
Definition
Situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure
Term
dna
Definition
deoxyribonucleic acid
Term
dominant gene
Definition
is inherited from either parent, the offspring will inherit that genetic condition or characteristic
Term
Dors
Definition
Back of the body
Term
Dorsal cavity
Definition
Is located along the back of the body and head, contains organs of the nervous system that coordinate body functions and is divided into two portions (cranial and spinal)
Term
down syndrome
Definition
a genetic variation that is associated with characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, and physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease
Term
dysplasia
Definition
abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
Term
embryonic stem cells
Definition
undifferentiated cells that are unlike any specific adult cell; however they have the important ability to form any adult cell
Term
en-
Definition
within
Term
endemic
Definition
refers to the ongoing prescence of a disease within a population, group, or area
Term
endo-
Definition
within
Term
endothelium
Definition
the specialized epithelial tissues that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavaties, glands, and organs
Term
Epi
Definition
Above
Term
epidemic
Definition
a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area
Term
Epigastric region
Definition
Located above the stomach
Term
epithelial tissues
Definition
form a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body
Term
epithelium
Definition
the specialized epithelial tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous membranes
Term
eti-
Definition
cause
Term
etiology
Definition
the study of the causes of diseases
Term
exo-
Definition
out
Term
fetal alcohol syndrome
Definition
is caused by the mother's consumption of alcohol during the pregnancy
Term
food-borne and waterborne transmission
Definition
also known as fecal-oral transmission, caused by eating or drinking contaminated food or water that has not been properly treated to remove contamination or kill pathogens that are present
Term
functional disorder
Definition
produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified
Term
gene
Definition
a fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity
Term
genetic disorder
Definition
a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene. Also known as heriditary disorder
Term
genetic mutation
Definition
a change of the sequence of a dna molecule
Term
geneticist
Definition
a specialist in the field of genes
Term
genetics
Definition
the study of how genes are transferred from parents to their children and the role of genes in health and disease
Term
genome
Definition
the complete set of genetic information of an individual
Term
geriatrician
Definition
a physician who specializes in the care of older people
Term
geriatrics
Definition
the study of the medical problem and care of the aged
Term
gland
Definition
a group of specialized epithelial cells that are capable of producing secretions
Term
hemophilia
Definition
a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing
Term
hist
Definition
tissue
Term
Home/o
Definition
Constant
Term
homeostasis
Definition
Is the process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment
Term
huntington's disease
Definition
a genetic disorder that is passed from parent to child
Term
Hyogastric region
Definition
Located below the stomach
Term
hyperplasia
Definition
the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues
Term
hypertrophy
Definition
a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not the #, of any cells in the tissues
Term
hypo
Definition
Below or deficient
Term
Hypochondriac regions
Definition
Located on the left and right sides of the body and are covered by the lower ribs
Term
hypoplasia
Definition
the incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells.
Term
iatrogenic illness
Definition
an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment
Term
idi/o
Definition
peculiar to the individual
Term
idiopathic disorder
Definition
an illness without known cause
Term
ili
Definition
Hip bone
Term
Iliac regions
Definition
Located on the left and right sides over the hip bones
Term
indirect contact transmission
Definition
refers to situations in which a susceptible person is infected by contract with a contaminated surface
Term
infectious disease
Definition
an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses
Term
inferior
Definition
Lowermost, below, or toward the feet
Term
inguinal
Definition
Which means relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen
Term
-ior
Definition
Pertaining to
Term
lateral
Definition
The direction toward or nearer the side and away from the midline
Term
liquid connective tissue
Definition
which are blood and lymph, transport nutrients and waste products throughout the body
Term
loose connective tissue
Definition
surrounds various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels
Term
lumb
Definition
Means lower back
Term
lumbar
Definition
The part of the back between the ribs and the pelvis
Term
Lumbar regions
Definition
Located on the left and right sides near the inward curve of the spine
Term
medial
Definition
Means the direction toward, or nearer, the midline
Term
membrane
Definition
a think layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or organ
Term
mesentery
Definition
a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
Term
mucle tissue
Definition
contains cells with the specialized ability to contract and relax
Term
muscular dystrophy
Definition
the term used to describe a group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement
Term
nerve tissue
Definition
contains cells with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and to conduct electrical impulses
Term
nosocomial infection
Definition
a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting
Term
nucleus
Definition
is surrounded by the nuclear membrane, is a structure within the cell that has two important functions (1) it controls the activities of the cell (2) it helps the cell divide
Term
organ
Definition
a somewhat independent part of the body that performs a specific function
Term
organic disorder
Definition
produces symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in the body
Term
pan-
Definition
entire
Term
pandemic
Definition
refers to an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide
Term
parietal
Definition
cavity wall
Term
parietal peritoneum
Definition
the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall
Term
path/o
Definition
disease; also means suffering, feeling, and emotion
Term
pelv
Definition
Pelvis
Term
Pelvic cavity
Definition
Is the space formed by the hip bones and it contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems
Term
periton
Definition
peritoneum
Term
peritoneum
Definition
a multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity
Term
phenylketonuria
Definition
commonly known as PKU, a gentic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme pheylalanin hydroxlase is missing
Term
poster
Definition
Back or toward the back
Term
prenatal influences
Definition
are the mother's health, behavior, and the prenatal medical care she does, or does not, receive before delivery
Term
proximal
Definition
Situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure
Term
quadrant
Definition
Divide into fours
Term
recessive gene
Definition
when it is inherited from both parents, the offspring will have that condition/ when it is inherited from only one parent, and a normal gene is inherited for the other parent, the offspring will not have the condition
Term
Regions of the thorax and abdomen
Definition
A descriptive system that divides the abdomen and lower portion of the thorax into nine parts
Term
retro-
Definition
behind
Term
somatic
Definition
means pertaining to the body in general
Term
Spinal cavity
Definition
Located within the spinal column, surrounds and protects the spinal cord
Term
-stasis
Definition
Control
Term
stem cells
Definition
unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division
Term
superior
Definition
Uppermost, above, or toward the head
Term
tay-sachs disease
Definition
a fatal genetic disorder in which harmful quantities of a fatty substand build up in tissues and nerve cells in the brain
Term
Thoracic cavity
Definition
Surrounds and protects the heart and lungs. (also known as the chest cavity or thorax)
Term
tissue
Definition
a group or layer of similarly specialized cells that join together to perform certain specific functions
Term
Umbilical region
Definition
Surrounds the umbilicus which is commonly known as the belly button or navel
Term
vector-borne transmission
Definition
the spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector
Term
Ventr
Definition
Belly side of the body
Term
Ventral cavity
Definition
Located along the front of the body, contains the body organs that maintain homeostasis
Term
visceral
Definition
relating to the interal organs
Term
visceral peritoneum
Definition
is the inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity
Supporting users have an ad free experience!