Term
|
Definition
| specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions of altered immunologic reactivity, such as allergic reactions. |
|
|
Term
immunologist
immun means protected
-ologist means specialist. |
|
Definition
| specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the immune system. |
|
|
Term
oncologist
onc means tumor
-ologist means specialist. |
|
Definition
| is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating malignant disorders sych as tumors and cancer. |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 primary functions the lymphactic system performs in? |
|
Definition
-absorbing fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the small intestine.
- removing waste from the tissues.
-providing aid to the immune system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small finger-like projections that line the small intestine. theses structures contain blood vessels and lacteals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are specialized structures of the lymphatic system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transports lymph from tissues throughtout the body and eventually returns this fluid to the venous circulation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a clear, watery fluid that transports waste products and proteins out of the spaces between the cells of the body tissues. |
|
|
Term
interstitial fluid
a.k.a. intercellular or tissue fluid |
|
Definition
| is plasma from arterial blood that flows out of the capillaries and into the spaces between the cells. It transports food, oxygen, and hormones to the cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| means to be taken up again by the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are microscopic, blind-ended tubes located near the surface of the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are located deeper within the tissues. and like veins that have valves to prevent the backward flow of lymph. |
|
|
Term
lymphadenitis
a.k.a. swollen glands
Lymphaden- means lymph node
-itis means inflammation |
|
Definition
| is an inflammation of the lymph nodes. |
|
|
Term
lymphadenopathy
lymphaden/o- means lymph nodes
-pathy means disease |
|
Definition
| any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes |
|
|
Term
lymphangioma
lymphangi- means lymph vessel
-oma means tumor |
|
Definition
| a benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system. |
|
|
Term
splenomegaly
splen/o means spleen
-megaly means abnormal enlargement |
|
Definition
| is an abnormal enlargement of the spleen. This condition can be due to bleeding caused by an injury, an infectious disease such as mononucleosis, or abnormal functioning of the immune system. |
|
|
Term
splenorrhagia
splen/o means spleen
-rrhagia means bleeding |
|
Definition
| bleeding from the spleen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a diagnostic test that is performed to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a hereditary disorder due to malformation of the lymphatic system. This condition, which can appear at any time in life, most commonly produces swelling in the feet and legs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is causes by damage to the lymphactic system that most commonly produces swelling in the limb neares to the damaged lymphatic vessels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are disease-producing microorganisms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are substances that produce allergic reactions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are poisonous or harmful substances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are potentially life-threatining cancer cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is any substance that the body regards as being foreign, and includes viruses, bacteria, toxins, and transplanted tissues. |
|
|
Term
antibody
anti - means against. |
|
Definition
| a disease fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are specialized white blood cells that produce antibodies coded to destroy specific antigens. |
|
|
Term
lymphocytes
lymph/o means lymph
-cytes means cells |
|
Definition
| are white blood cells that are formen in bone marrow as stem cells. they undergo further maturation and differentiation in lymphoid tissues throughout the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| means the process of becoming mature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| means to be modidfied to perform a specific function |
|
|
Term
B cells
a.k.a. B lymphocytes |
|
Definition
| are specialized lymphocytes that produce and secrete antibodies. they are effective against viruses and bacteria. transformed into a plasma B cell when confronted w/ the antigen it is coded to destroy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are specialized wbc's that patrol the body searching for antigens that produce infections. when it is found it grab, swallow, and internally brak apart the captured antigen. |
|
|
Term
T cells
a.k.a. T lymphocytes |
|
Definition
| small lymphocytes that mature in the thymus as a result of exposure to the hormone thymosin, which is secreted by the thymus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a family of proteins produced by the T cells whose specialty is fighting viruses by slowing or stopping their multiplication. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are produced by the T cells, direct the antigen-antibody response by signaling between the cells of the immune system. They attract macrophages to the infected site and prepare them to attack the invaders. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the most abundant class of antibodies, and they are found in blood serum and lymph. These antibodies are active against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and foreign particles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the class of antibodies produced predominantly against ingested antigens. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the class of antibodies that are found in circulating body fluids. they are the first to appear in response to an initial exposure to an antigen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the class of antibodies found only on the surface of B cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the class of antibodies produced in the lungs, skin, and mucous membranes. they are responsible for allergic reactions. |
|
|
Term
macrophage
macro-means large
-phage means a cell that eats. |
|
Definition
| is a type of wbc that surrounds and kills invading cells. they also remove dead cells and stimulate the action of other immune cells. |
|
|
Term
phagocyte
phag/o means to eat or swallow
-cyte means cell |
|
Definition
| a large wbc that can destroy substances such as cell debris, dust, pollen, and pathogens. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is passed from the mother to her fetus before birth. it only last a short time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is passed from the mother to her child after birth through breast milk
|
|
|
Term
acquired immunity
a.k.a. active immunity |
|
Definition
| is the production of antibodies against a specific antigen by the immune system either by contracting an infectious disease such as chickenpox, or by vaccination against a disease such as poliomyelitis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| providing protection for susceptible individuals from communicable disease by the administration of a vaccine to provide acquired immunity against a specific disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a preparation containing an antigen, consising of whole or partial disease causing organisms, which have been killed or weakened |
|
|
Term
allergy
a.k.a. hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
| is an overreaction by the body to a particular antigen. |
|
|
Term
localized allergic response
a.k.a. cellular response |
|
Definition
| includes redness, itching, and burning where the skin has come into contact with an allergen. |
|
|
Term
systemic reaction
a.k.a. anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock |
|
Definition
| is a severe response to an allergen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a diagnostic test to identify commonly troublesome allergens such as tree pollen and ragweed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are medications administered to relieve or prevent the symptoms of hay fever, which is a common allergy to wind-borne pollens, and other types of alleriges. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a substance produced by the body that causes the itching, sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes of an allergic reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies againse its own tissues. |
|
|
Term
| immunodeficiency disorder |
|
Definition
| occurs when the immune response is compromised. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| means weakened, reduced, absent, or not functioning properly. |
|
|
Term
function of blood
blood ( hem/o,hemat/o) |
|
Definition
-transportaion
-regulation
-protection from infection
-protection from blood loss |
|
|
Term
fuctions of lymph
lymph (lymph/o, lymphat/o) |
|
Definition
-cleansing
-returning
-providing a pathway
-defending |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
erythrocytes (erythr/o)
leukocytes (leuk/o)
Thrombocytes (thromb/o) |
|
|
Term
| HIV - human innunodeficiency virus |
|
Definition
| is a bloodborne infection is which the virus damages or kills the cells of the immune system, causing it to progressively fail, thus leaving the body at risk of developing many life threatening opportunistic infections. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce an illness in healthy humans. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| means weakened by another condition. |
|
|
Term
| AIDs- acquired innunodeficiency syndrome. |
|
Definition
| is the most advanced, and fatal, stage of an HIV infection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is an example of an opportunistic infection that is frequently associated with HIv. This cancer causes patches of abnormal tissue to grow under the skin, in the lining of the mouth, nose, and throat, or in other organs. |
|
|
Term
| ELISA- enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
|
Definition
| is a blood test used to screen for teh presence of HIV antibodies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a blood test that produces more accurate results than the ELISA test. it is performed to confirm the diagnosis when the results of the ELISA test sometimes produces false positive result. |
|
|
Term
immunotherapy
immun/o means immune
-therapy means treatment |
|
Definition
| is a disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune response. |
|
|
Term
syntetic immunoglobulins
a.k.a. immune serum |
|
Definition
| are used as a postexposure preventive measure against certain viruses, including rabies and some types of hepatitis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is used in the treatment of MS, Hep C, and some cancers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are any of a class of anitbodies produced in the laboratory by identical offspring of a clone of specific cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| means pertains to a single clone of cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a treatment to repress or interfere with the ability of the immune system to respond to stimulation by antigens. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a substance that prevents or reduces the body's normal immune response. this medication is administered to prevent the redection of donor tissue and to depress autoimmune disorders. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a hormone like preparation administered primarily as an anti-inflammantory and as an immunosuppressant. |
|
|
Term
cytotoxic drug
cyt/o means cell
tox means poison
-ic means pertaining to |
|
Definition
| is a medication that kills or damages cells. |
|
|
Term
bacteria
singular - bacterium |
|
Definition
| are one-celled microscopic organisms. |
|
|
Term
bacilli
singular - bacillus |
|
Definition
| are rod-shaped spore-forming bacteria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is caused by the bacillus clostridium tetani and is transmitted through a cut or wound. |
|
|
Term
rickettsia
plural - rickettsiae |
|
Definition
| is a small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, tick, and mites. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are spiral shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is caused by spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, is transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected deer tick. |
|
|
Term
staphylococci
singular- staphylococcus |
|
Definition
| are a group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a form of staphylococci that commonly infects wounds and causes serious problems such as toxic shock syndrome or produces food poisoning. |
|
|
Term
streptococci
singular- streptococcus |
|
Definition
| are bacteria that form a chain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a serious condition that occurs when an overwhelming bacterial infection affects the body. |
|
|
Term
antibiotic resistant bacteria
a.k.a. superbugs |
|
Definition
| develop when an antibiotic fails to kill all of the bacteria it targets. |
|
|
Term
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) |
|
Definition
| is resistant to most antibiotics. looks like small,red bumps w/ black top. then become red-hot abscesses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a simple parasitic organism. |
|
|
Term
tinea pedis
a.k.a athelete's foot |
|
Definition
| is a fungal infection that commonly develops between the toes and on the feet. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formerly known as moniliasis is a.k.a yeast infection or thrust . |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a plant or animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is an abnormally small head and underdeveloped brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the ventricles of the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are very small infectious agents that live only by invading other cells. |
|
|
Term
Herpes zoster
a.k.a. shingles |
|
Definition
| is an acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlying route of an inflamed nerve . |
|
|
Term
Infectious mononucleosis
a.k.a. mono |
|
Definition
| is caused by Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is an acute, highly contagious infection caused by the rubeola virus and transmitted by respiratory droplets. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is an acute viral disease characterized by the swelling of the parotid glands. |
|
|
Term
Rubella
a.k.a. german measles or 3-day measles |
|
Definition
| is a viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inlamed eyes and a fine pink rash. |
|
|
Term
| the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination can prevent what three viral conditions? |
|
Definition
-rabies
-varicella
-west nile virus |
|
|
Term
cytomegalovirus
cyt/o means cell
megal/o means large
vir means virus
-us is a singular noun ending |
|
Definition
| is a member of the herpes virus family that cause a variety of diseases. |
|
|
Term
antibiotics
anti- means against
bio - means life
-tic means pertaining to |
|
Definition
| are medications that are capable of inhibiting growth, or killing pathogenic bacterial microorganisms |
|
|
Term
bactericide
bacteri means bacteria
-cide means causing death |
|
Definition
| is a substance that causes death of bacteria |
|
|
Term
bacteriostatic
bacteri means bacteria
-static means causing control |
|
Definition
is an agent that slows or stops the growth of bacteria.
antibiotics include tetracycline, sulfonamide, and erythromycin. |
|
|
Term
antifungal
anti-means against
fung means fungus
-al means pertaining to |
|
Definition
| is an agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi. |
|
|
Term
antiviral drug
anti- means against
vir means virus
-al means pertaining to |
|
Definition
| such as acyclovir, is used to treat viral infections or to provide temporary immunity. |
|
|
Term
oncology
onc means tumor
ology means study of |
|
Definition
| is the study of prevention causes, and treatment of tumors and cancer |
|
|
Term
tumor
a.k.a. neoplasm
neo- means new or strange
-plasm means formation. |
|
Definition
| is a growth of tissue that forms an abnormal mass. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| harmful, capable of spreading, and potentially life threatening |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a noncancerous growth; however, these tumors can cause problems by placing pressure on adjacent structures. |
|
|
Term
myoma
my means muscle
-oma means tumor |
|
Definition
| is a benign tumor made up of muscle tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is harmful, capable of spreading to distant body sites including other body system, can become progressivlely worse, and is progressively life threatening. |
|
|
Term
myosarcoma
myo means muscle
sarc means flesh
-oma means tumor |
|
Definition
| is a malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue. |
|
|
Term
angiogenesis
angi/o means vessel
-genesis means reproduction |
|
Definition
| is the process through which the tumor supports its growth by creating its own blood supply |
|
|
Term
antiangiogenesis
anti means against
angi/o means vessel
-genesis means reproduction |
|
Definition
| is a form of treatment that disrupts this blood supply to the tumor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a class of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these cells to invade other tissues, either by invasion through direct growth into adjacent tissue or by spreading into distant sites by meastasizing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the process by which cancer spreads from one place to another. |
|
|
Term
metatstasis
meta- means beyond
-stasis means stopping |
|
Definition
| is a new cancer site that results from the spreading process. |
|
|
Term
carcinoma
carcin means cancer
-oma means tumor |
|
Definition
| is a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| describes a makignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| means in the place where the cancer first occured. |
|
|
Term
adeno carcinoma
adeno/means gland
carcin means cancer
-oma means tumor |
|
Definition
| is any one of a large group of carcinomas derived from glandular tissue |
|
|
Term
sarcoma
sarc means flesh
oma means tumor |
|
Definition
| is a malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues including hard tissues soft tissues and liquid tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arise from bone or cartilage |
|
|
Term
osteosarcoma
oste/o means bone
sarc mean flesh
oma means tumor |
|
Definition
| is a malignant tumor usually involving the upper shaft of long bones the pelves or knee |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arise from tissues such as muscle connective tissues such as tendons, blood and lymphatic vessels nerves and fat. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a malignant tumor of the tissue surrounding a synovial joint. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arise from blood and lymph. |
|
|
Term
hodgkin's lymphoma
a.k.a. hodgikn's disease |
|
Definition
| is distinguished from other lymphomas by the presence of lage, cancerous lymphocytes known as reed-sternberg cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the term used to describe all lymphomas other tan hodgkin's lymphoma . |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a carcinoma that develops fro mthe cells of the breast and can spread to adjacent lymph nodes and other body sites. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is breast cancer at its earliest stage before the cancer has broken through the wall of the milk duct. |
|
|
Term
infiltrating ductal carcinoma
a.k.a. invasive ductal carcinoma |
|
Definition
| starts i the milk duct, breaks through the wall fo that duct, and invades the fatty breast tissue. |
|
|
Term
infiltrating lobular carcinoma
a.k.a. invasive lobular carcinoma |
|
Definition
| is cancer that starts in the milk glands, breaks through the wall of the gland and invades the fatty tissue of the breast. |
|
|
Term
inflammatory breast cancer
(IBC) |
|
Definition
| is the most aggressive and least common form of breast cancer. |
|
|
Term
mammography
mammo/o means breast
-graphy means the process of producing a picture or record. |
|
Definition
| is a radiographic examination of the breasts to detect the presence of tumors or precancerous cells. |
|
|
Term
surgical biopsy
bi- means pertaining to life
-opsy means view of |
|
Definition
| is the removal of a small piece of tissue for examination to confirm or establish a diagnosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a technique in which an x-ray guided needle is used to remove small samples of tissue from the breast. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| after the sentinel lymph node has been identified only this and the other affected nodes are removed for biopsy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the first lymph node to come into contact with cancer cells as they leave the organ of origination and start spreading into the rest of the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a surgical procedure in which all of the lymph nodes in a major group are removed to determine or slow the spread of cancer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the surgical removal of only the cancerous tissue and a surrounding margin of normal tissue |
|
|
Term
mastectomy
mast means breast
-ectomy means surgical removal |
|
Definition
| is the surgical removal of the entire brest and nipple |
|
|
Term
| modified radical mastectomy |
|
Definition
| is the surgical removal of the entire breast and all of the axillary lymph nodes under the adjacent arm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the surgical removal of an entire breast and many of the surrounding tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the use of chemical agents and drugs in combinations selected to destroy malignant cells and tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the use of natural or synthetic substances such as drugs or vitamins to reduce the risk of developing cancer, or to reduce the chance that cancer will recur. |
|
|
Term
antineoplastic
anti means against
ne/o means new
plast means growth or formation
-ic means pertaining to |
|
Definition
| is medication that blocks the development growth or proliferation of malignant cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is used in treatment of some cancers, with the goals of destroying the cancer while sparing healthy tissues |
|
|
Term
brachytherapy
brachy- means short
-therapy means treatment |
|
Definition
| is the use of radioactive materials in contact with or implanted into the tissues to be treated |
|
|
Term
teletherapy
tele- means distant
-therapy means treatment |
|
Definition
| is radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is used after the primary treatments have been completed to decrease the chance that a cancer will recur. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to an agent inteded to increase the effectiveness of a drug; however, adjuvant treatments for cancer can also include chemotherapy hormone therapy radiation immunotherapy or targeted therapy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a devloping form of anti cancer drug therapy that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming normal cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ductal carcinoma in situ abbrev. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hodgkin's lymphoma abbrev. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| non-hodgkin's lymphoma abbrev. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
