Functions

1.transportation of substances

-Pulmonary Circulation

-Systemic Circulation

1. Aorta (aort/o)

2. Arterioles (arteriol/o)

3. Capillaries (capillar/o)

4. Venules (venul/o)

5. Veins (ven/o,phelb/o)

6. Venae Cavae

1. Location

-Precordium (anterior to the heart)

2. Size

3. Blood supply

-Coronary arteries (heart muscle)

1. Chambers

-Atria (atri/o)

-Ventricles (ventricul/o)

-Septa (sept/o)

2. Layers

-Endocradium

-Mycardium

-Pericardium

1. Deoxygenated Blood

-Right Atrium (Tricuspid Valve)

-Right Ventricle (Pulmonary Semilunar Valve)

-Pulmonary (Capillaries Arteries of the Lungs)

2. Oxygenated Blood

-Capillaries of Lungs(Pulmonary Veins)

-Left Artium (Bicuspid/Mitral Valve)

-Left Ventricle (Arotic Semilunar Valve)

-Aorta

1. Ejection fraction

-Normal approximately 65%

2. Heart Rate

-Beats Per Minute (BPM)

-Normal 60--100 BPM

3. Pulse Points

1. Blood Pressure (BP)

-Sphygmomanometer

2. Electrical Pathway

-Sinoatrial Node (SA) <-Natural Pacemaker

-Atrioventricular Node (AV)

-Bundle of His/Atrioventricular Bundle <-Bundle of Nerves

-Purkinjie Fibers

1. Bradycardia vs. Tachycardia

2. Cardiodynia (pain in the heart)

-Atypical<- a stabbing or burning pain

-Ischemic<-pressure

3. Cardiomegaly (enlargement of the heart)

-Cyanosis <-not enought oxygen in the blood

-Diaphoresis <-profuse amount of sweat

1. Claudication <-Cramplike pains in the calves caused by poor circulation in the leg muscles

2. Dyspnea <- Difficult and/or painful breathing

3. Dyspnea on Exertion (DOE)<-Difficult and/or painful breathing

4. Edema<-Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues

5. Nausea and Emesis<-Sensation that accompies the urge to vomit; Forcible or involuntary emptying of the stomach through the mouth

6. Bruit<-Abnormal sound heard when an artery is auscultated

7. Murmur<-Abnormal heart sound heard during systole, diatole,or both, which may be descibed as a gentle blowing, fluttering, or humming sound

8. Pallor<-Paleness of skin and/or mucous membranes

1. Palpitations<-Pounding or racing of the heart, such that the patient is aware of his/her heartbeat.

2. Pulmonary Congestion<-Excessive amount of blood in the pulmonary vessels. Usually associated with heart failure

3. Shortness Of Breath (SOB)<-Breathlessness, air hunger

4. Syncope<-Fainting,loss of consciousness

5. Thrill<-Fine vibration felt by the examiner on palpation

6. Venous Distension<-Enlarged or swollen veins

1.Coarctation of the aorta

2. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

3. Septal defect

-Atrial Septal Defect

(ASD)

-Ventricular Spetal Defect

(VSD)

4. Tetralogy of Fallot

1. Aortic Stenosis (AS)

2. Mitral Stenosis (MS)

3. Tricuspid Stenosis (TS)

4. Mitral Reguritation (MR)

5. Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)

6. Orthopnea

7. Valvulitis

1. Dysrhythmia/Arrhythmia

2. Ectopic Beats

-Atrial vs. Ventricular

3. Fibrulation

4. Atrial

-Paroxysmal

5. Ventricular

6. Flutter

7. Heart Block

-Atrioventricular block

-Bundle branch block (BBB)

8. Sick Sinus Syndrome(SSS)

9. Ventricular Tachycardia

1. Angina Pectoris

2. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

3. Myocardial Infraction (MI)

1. Cardiac Tamponade

2. Cardiomypathy

3. Heart Failure (HF)

4. Endocarditis

5. Pericarditis

1. Arteriosclerosis

-Atherosclerosis

2. Aneurysm

3. Esophageal Varices

4. Hemorrhoid

1. Hypertension

-Primary/essential

-Secondary

-Malignant

2. Hypotension

-Orthostatic

3. Peripheral Arterial

-Occlusion

4. Peripheral Vascular

-Blockage

5. Raynaud Disease

6. Thrombophelbitis

-Deep

-Superficial

7. Varicose Veins

8. Vasculitis

1. Atrial Myxoma

2. Hemangioma

1. Cardiac Myxosarcoma

2. Hemangiosarcoma

1. Blood Pressure

-Sphygmomanometer

2. Auscultation and Percussion

-Stethoscope

1. Echocardiography

-Transesophageal Echocardiography

2. Exercise Stress Test

(EST)

3. Magnetic Resonance

4. MUGA scan

5. Myocardial Perfusion Imaging

6. Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

7. Radiography

8. Phelbography

9.Angiocradiography

-Digital subtraction angiography (DSA)

10. Cardiac Catheterization

11. Swan-Ganz Catheter

12. Electrocardiography (ECG/EKG)

13.Holter Monitor

1. Cardiac Enzymes Tests

2. Lipid Profile

3. Phelbotomy

1. Atherectomy

2. Automatic Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator

3. Cardiac Defibrillator

4. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

5. Commissurotomy

6. Cardiac Pacemaker

7. Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)

8.Extracorporeal Circulation (ECC)

9. Heart Transplant

10. Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD)

11. Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass (MIDCAB)

12. Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty

13. Pericardiocentesis

14. Post Access Coronary Artery Bypass

15. Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation

16. Tansmyocradial Revascularization (TMR)

1. Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLT)

2. Hemorrhoidectomy

3. Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC)

4. Phelbectomy

5. Sclerotherapy

1. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

2. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

3. Antiarrhythmic Drugs

4. Anticoagulants

5. Antihyperlipidemics

6. Beta-Blockers

7. Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)

8. Diuretics (dye ur REH ticks)

9. Nitrates

10. Thrombolytics