Term
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Definition
Paired kidneys
ureter for each kidney
bladder
urethra |
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Definition
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Definition
| inflammation of the kidney |
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Definition
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Definition
| excretory product of the urinary system |
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Definition
| combining form for urinary system or urine |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| accumulation of toxic products in the blood that occurs when the kidneys fail to function properly |
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Term
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Definition
1.Maintain plasma colume by varying the excretion of water.
2.Maintain the chemical composition of blood by selective excretion of solutes
3.Maintain blood pH.
4.Excretion of nitrogenous waste products of protein metabolism
5.Degrade insulin
6.Metabolize Vitamin D to its active form. |
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Term
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Definition
1.Renin for blood pressure
2.Erythropoietin for erythrocyte formation
3.Prostaglandins which are fatty acid derivatives that affect many organs. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| surgical crushing of a stone |
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Term
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Definition
| means the skin is punctured |
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Term
| Percutaneous catheter nephrostomy |
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Definition
| skin is punctuered to insert a catheter into the kidney either for drainage or to insert drugs etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Often used when an adjective is needed to identify the kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
process of diffusing blood to remove toxic materials and maintaining acid balance in cases of impaired kidney function
AKA hemodialysis |
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Term
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Definition
| having severe symptoms that last only a short time |
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Term
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Definition
| diseases that show a slow progression over a long period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| each contain a glomerulus and tubules... function is filtering of blood and reabsorption of substances the body conserves |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for glomerulus |
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Term
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Definition
| Proximal tubule in the complex...waste products and some of the water remaining in the tubules after reabsorption become urine....urine is deposited by collecting ducts into the renal pelvis |
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Term
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Definition
| Following urine collection in the central pelvis, it is carried to the bladder by a tube called the ureter |
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for ureter |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| collapsible muscular bag that serves as a reservoir for urine until it is expelled |
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for bladder |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Tube leading from the bladder to outside the body |
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for urethra |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of excreting liquid |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| suffix meaning hemorrhage...bursting forth of blood |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| surgical sewing of the kidney |
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Term
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Definition
| suffix meaning flow or discharge |
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Term
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Definition
| discharge from the urethra |
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Term
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Definition
| pertains to the genitals as well as the urinary organs...STD's often enter through the urinary tract |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| STD characterized by a heavy discharge from the vagina or urethra in either males or females |
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for genitals or reproduction |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| bacteria that grow in twisted chains |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria that grow in grape like clusters |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| infections that originate in hospitals |
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Term
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Definition
| Agent that causes increased urination |
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Term
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Definition
| Holding back or keeping in position |
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Term
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Definition
| Inability to control urination |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Kidney gradually ceases to remove metabolic wastes and excessive water from the blood....not reversible once the disease progresses to the end stage |
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Term
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Definition
| Gradual downward displacement of the kidney....kidney supports are weakened...can be due to a blow or present at birth. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| any kidney disease characterized by degenerative changes w/o inflammation...especially to the renal tubules |
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Term
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Definition
| All diseases of the kidney characterized by chronic loss of protein in the urine and subsequent loss of protein in the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the kidney and its renal pelvis owing to infection |
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Term
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Definition
Destruction of the kidney characterized by the production of pus.
Total or almost complete loss of renal function. |
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Term
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Definition
Severe narrowing of the renal artery
Reduction of kidney blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
| formation of urinary calculi |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Female Reproductive cycle |
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Definition
Begins at Puberty
Continues for about 40 years
Ends at menopause |
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Term
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Definition
Stage of development where secondary sex characteristics appear.
Breast development
Appearance of pubic hair
Menarche - first occurence of menstruation |
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Term
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Definition
| first occurence of menstruation |
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Term
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Definition
| the shedding of the endometrium from the non-pregnant uterus |
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Term
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Definition
Unknown stimuli cause the hypothalamus to secrete a hormone that acts on the pituitary gland.
Secretes two hormones (FSH and LH)
follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone |
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Term
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Definition
| release of an ovum from the follicle |
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Term
| What two hormones are secreted from the follicle and prepare the uterus for pregnancy? |
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Definition
| Estrogen and Progesterone |
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Term
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Definition
| normal blood flow during menstruation when fertilization does not occur |
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Term
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Definition
| Combining form for menstrual cycle |
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Term
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Definition
reproductive cell
sperm or ovum
Union of ovum and sperm is necessary for sexual reproduction |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| formation of ovum by ovaries |
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Term
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Definition
Produces reproductive cells
females-ovaries
males-testes |
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Term
| Fertilization (Conception) |
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Definition
Occurs in the uterine tube
Fertilized ovum undergoes a series of cell divisions as it moves through the tube.
After about 7 days of moving, the fertilized ovum attaches to the endometrium in the uterine cavity. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The developing organism after the 3rd week. |
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Term
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Definition
| The developing organism after 8wks. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| highly vascular structure that nourishes the fetus |
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for amnion |
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Term
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Definition
| the term ususally used in reference to amnion |
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for chorion |
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Term
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Definition
| membranes surrounding the embryo |
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Term
| Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) |
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Definition
| hormone that appears w/in a few days after conception. Tested for in home pregnancy tests |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
kills sperm
form of contraception |
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Term
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Definition
AKA Prenatal period
means pregnancy
266 days from fertilization date |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| refers to a pregnant female |
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Term
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Definition
| pregnant female with x-number of pregnancies |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| female during her 1st pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| Means able to produce or bear viable offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| suffix referring to a female who has produced viable offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to childbirth and the labor process in which the child is expelled from the uterus |
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Term
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Definition
| Begins w/ onset of regular uterine contractions and ends when the cervical opening is fully dilated |
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Term
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Definition
| Extends from end of the first stage until the baby is completely expelled |
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Term
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Definition
| Extends from birth of the child until all of the afterbirth is expelled. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hour or two after delivery that uterine tone is established |
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Term
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Definition
shortening and thinning of the cervix during labor.
Dislodges the mucus plug that fills the cervical canal. |
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Term
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Definition
| care of a newborn for the 1st 28 days |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Prefixes meaning situated on or outside |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
occurs when the egg is fertilized outside the uterus
can be natural (egg implants in a uterine tube) or medical (test tube baby) |
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Term
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Definition
| suffix meaning surgical puncture |
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Term
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Definition
surgical puncture of the amnion releasing amniotic fluid.
AKA breaking the water externally |
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Term
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Definition
Separation of placenta from the uterine wall after 20 wks or more or during labor.
Fetus is in normal position |
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Term
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Definition
| Placenta is abnormally implanted in the uterus so that it covers the opening at the upper end of the uterine cervix. |
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Term
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Definition
| condition characterized by acute onset of hypertension after the 24th wk of gestation. |
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Term
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Definition
| more severe form of preeclampsia that may lead to convulsions and death if untreated |
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Term
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Definition
| fetus dies before or during delivery |
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Term
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Definition
Baby is turned upside down in the birth canal.
Since the head is the largest part it may become trapped. |
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Term
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Definition
| child is extracted via surgical means |
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Term
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Definition
| incision of the abdominal wall |
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for abdominal wall |
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Term
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Definition
| spontaneous or natural loss of the fetus |
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Term
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Definition
| deliberate interruption of pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| instrument inserted into the vagina and spread apart to view the cervix in a pelvic examination |
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Term
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Definition
study of cells
cells can be examined and tested for a variety of infections. |
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Term
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Definition
| used to detect cervical cancer |
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Term
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Definition
Begins w/ dysplasia
Change in shape, growth and number of cells.
Not cancerous, but the cells tend to become malignant |
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Term
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Definition
| Prediction of the probable outcome of a disease |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for vagina |
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Term
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Definition
low powered microscope used to magnify the mucosa of the vagina and cervix for lesions.
May result in need for biopsy |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of tissue from an area |
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Term
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Definition
| Application of a caustic substance, a hot instrument, an electric current or other agent to destroy tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
using cold to treat something.
ex. freezing warts off. |
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Term
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Definition
The removal of the uterus.
Occurs when serious dysplasia is evident. |
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Term
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Definition
| Leading cause of death among all the reproductive cancers because by the time it is usually discovered, it has spread to other organs. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| removal of the ovaries and uterus |
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Term
| Dilation and Curettage (D&C) |
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Definition
| Cervix is dilated and a curet (scoop) is inserted...Scrapes and removes material from the endometrium...Common in early term miscarriages. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two meanings...normal menstruation/profuse menstruation |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive bleeding during the menstrual period...may refer to the number of days, amount of blood or both. |
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Term
| Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) |
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Definition
| Occurs the last few days before the onset of menstruation. symptoms...nervous tension, Irritability, edema, headache, painful breasts |
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Term
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Definition
| Steralization procedure which the uterine tubes are constricted, severed or crushed to prevent conception. |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal openings between the vagina and the urethra, the bladder, or the rectum. |
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs between the vagina and the urinary bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA Testicles...Singular Testis...Primary organs of the male reproductive system...Produce both sperm and testosterone |
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Term
| Test/o, Testicul/o, Orchi/o, Orchid/o |
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Definition
| Combining forms for testes |
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Term
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Definition
| male organ for copulation...AKA coitus...sexual union between a male and a female...Transfers sperm to the vagina. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Pouch of loose skin containing the testes...external to body core. |
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for scrotum |
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Term
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Definition
| gland that produces fluids that contribute to semen and are necessary for the survival of sperm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Combining form for prostate |
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Term
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Definition
| site in testes where sperm production occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| site in testes where testosterone production occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| male sex hormone...brings about secondary sex characteristics of males...hairiness, muscular development, deepening of the voice, etc... |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA seminal fluid...mixture of sperm cells and secretions from the accessory glands (e.g. prostate, seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Insufficient sperm in the semen |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Condition of swelling, rigidity and elevation of the penis...Also occurs to a lesser degree in the clitoris of females...caused by increased blood flow to the area. |
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Term
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Definition
| failure to obtain an erection...AKA impotence....may be the result of vascular problems or various drugs (alcohol). |
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Term
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Definition
| failure to produce enough sperm |
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Term
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Definition
| Replacement for a body part...may be used in the penis to treat erectile dysfunction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Excision of the vas deferens or a portion of it...bilateral vasectomy results in sterility |
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Term
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Definition
| excretory duct through which sperm leaves the testes |
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Term
| Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy |
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Definition
| BPH-increased size(hypertrophy) of the prostate due to an increased number of cells (hyperplasia)...Progressive problem that may lead to obstruction of the urethra and interference with urination. |
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Term
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Definition
| Usually occurs after age 50...most common form of cancer in men. |
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Term
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Definition
| More common in men 15-35 years old |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of a testicle...Removal of both testicles results in sterility |
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Term
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Definition
| Infectious organisms passed from one person to another via sexual contact. |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by gonococcus bacteria....males experience heavy urethral discharge, but females may be asymptomatic....All bacterial STDs can be treated w/ antibiotics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stage 1: Painless sore on the genitals called a chancre (shang' ker)....Stage 2: a rash all over the body....Stage 3: irreversible severe damage to the cardiovascular and nervous systems and soft rubbery tumors and possible psychosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most common STD in the US....Untreated chlamydia may lead to scarring of the epididymis in males and the uterine tubes in females causing infertility. |
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Term
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Definition
| A rope like structure on the posterior side of the testicle where sperm mature. |
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Term
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Definition
| Genital blisters and ulceration...no known cure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by HIV virus...long latency...causes antibody deficiency...end stage of infection is the disease AIDS. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Compact- hard bones...Cancellous- softer, spongy type bone (wrist, hip, spine) |
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Term
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Definition
| Responsible for hematopoiesis (the production of blood cells) |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists primarily of fat cells and connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for bone marrow |
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Term
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Definition
| Embryonic red bone marrow cell...matures into a myelocyte...Myelocytes mature into leukocytes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Building block of bones...makes them hard and rigid. |
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for calcium |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA ossification...formation of bone - usually formed from cartilage during embryonic development |
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Term
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Definition
| mean bone and are often placed in front of other words in the naming of bones. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for nutrition |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| membrane surrounding a mature bone |
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Term
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Definition
| Calcium in bone is radiopaque (blocks x-rays) |
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Term
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Definition
| Skull, vertebral column, breastbone, ribs, pelvis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists of: Cranial bones - enclose and protect the brain...Facial bones. |
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for cranium or skull |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for sternum |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| 7 cervical vertebrae...12 Thoracic vertebrae...5 Lumbar vertebrae...sacrum...Coccyx-tailbone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for sacrum |
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for coccyx |
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for vertebrae |
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Term
| What are the singular and pleural forms of vertebrae? |
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Definition
singular - vertebra
pleural - vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| Encloses and protects the spinal cord....supports the head...Place of attachment for the ribs and muscles of the back. |
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Term
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Definition
| combining forms for the spine |
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Term
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Definition
| painful condition of the spine |
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Term
| The appendicular skeleton |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for scapula |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for clavicle |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for the humerus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for radius |
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Term
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Definition
| wrist....wrist bones are called carpals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for metacarpals |
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Term
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Definition
| finger bones and toe bones |
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Term
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Definition
| singular form of phalanges |
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for phalanges |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for ischium |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| thigh bone...longest, heaviest, strongest bone in the body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for patella |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for fibul/o |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for tarsals |
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Term
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Definition
| tarsal bone that serves as the hinge joint bone of ankle |
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Term
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Definition
| heel bone...one of the tarsal bones |
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for calcaneus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Open or compound fractures |
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Definition
| bone protrudes through the skin |
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Term
| Closed or simple fractures |
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Definition
| bone is broken, but does not protrude though the skin |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA incomplete fracture...only one side of the bone is broken...only occurs in children |
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Term
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Definition
| method of treating fractures...pulling the broken ends into alignment |
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Term
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Definition
| bone is displaced from a joint |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| membrane around cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of a joint...One of the most common and painful diseases of the articular system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Immune system disorder..Often results in crippling deformities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Degeneration of cartilage and hypertrophy of bones...Limits space of the joint cavity resulting in both pain and restricted movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Instrument used to view the interior of a joint |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical removal of torn cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| Insufficient calcium for bone mineralization...causes skeletal deformities. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Increased porosity of bones...irreversible |
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Term
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Definition
| Bone pain...AKA osteodynia |
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Term
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Definition
| softening and destruction of bone |
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Term
| Sternoschisis (ster nos' ki sis) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| combining forms for split |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lateral deviation of the spine...May be C or S shaped |
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Term
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Definition
| Exaggerated lumbar curve...Usually due to carrying a large anteriorly displaced weight...Pregnancy, beer belly, large breast implants. |
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Definition
| Exaggerated thoracic spinal curvature...hunch back...Dowager's Hump - kyphosis associated w/ elderly women and osteoporosis. |
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Definition
| Rupture of a disk puts pressure on the spinal cord or nerve endings causing pain |
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Definition
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Definition
| joint is immobile and stiff |
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Definition
| suffix meaning binding or fusion |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Prefix meaning situated below |
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Definition
| situated below the sternum |
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Definition
| Prefix meaning backward or located behind |
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Definition
| Super- prefix meaning either above or excess...Supra- prefix meaning above |
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Definition
| Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of body parts by contraction and relaxation of fibers. |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| combining form for muscle |
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Definition
| combining form for muscle |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| surgical repair of muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| Alternate dark and light bands found on skeletal and cardiac muscle...Skeletal and cardiac muscles are also known as striated muscle. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| Move body parts away from the midline of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Move body parts toward the midline of the body |
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