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| abnormal condition of gallstones |
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| chronic disease of the liver with degeneration of liver cells |
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| condition in which polyps protrude from the mucous membrane lining the colon |
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| abnormal condition of small pouches or sacs (diverticula) in the wall of the intestine (often the colon). |
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| inflammation and infection within diverticula |
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| gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) |
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| a condition in which contents of the stomach slow back into the esophagus |
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| inflammation of the liver |
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| inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) |
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| inflammation of the last portion of the ileum or inflammation of the colon |
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| inflammation of the last portion of the ileum |
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| inflammation of the colon |
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| irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) |
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| signs and symptoms are cramping, abdominal bloating, constipation, and diarrhea (doesn't permanently harm the intestine) |
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| primary cancer of the liver |
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| yellow-orange coloration of skin and other tissues, from high levels of bilirubin in the blood stream |
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| series of cross sectional x-ray images that show abdominal organs |
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| magnetic and radio waves create images of abdominal organs and tissues in all three planes of the body |
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| abdominal ultrasonography |
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| process of beaming sound waves into the abdomen to produce images of organs (ex: gallbladder |
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| endoscopic ultrasonography |
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| useful to detect enlarged lymphnodes and tumors in upper abdomen |
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| e-ray examinations using a liquid barium mixture to locate disorders of the GI tract |
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| (GI lower series) barium injected into anus and rectum and x-ray images are taken of the colon |
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| (upper GI series) barium is taken through the mouth and x-ray images reveal the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine |
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| x-ray examination of the bile ducts after the injection of contrast material through the liver or through a catheter from the mouth, esophagus, and stomach into the bile ducts |
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| gastrointestinal endoscopy |
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| visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract with an endoscope |
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| feces are placed on paper containing the chemical guaiac, with reacts with hidden (occult) blood (important for colon cancer) |
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| liver function tests (LFTs) |
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| measurements of liver enzymes and other substances in the blood (enzyme levels increase when the liver is damaged) |
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| feces are placed in growth medium to rest for microorganisms |
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| CT scans, MRI, and computers are used to produce 2D and 3D images of the colon (useful to diagnose colon disease) |
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| surgical creation of an opening between 2 gastrointestinal organs |
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| surgical creation of a new opening of the colon to the outside of the body |
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| surgical creation of a new opening of the colon to the outside of the body |
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| surgical creation of a new opening of the ileum to the outside of the body |
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| removal of organs or tissues via a laproscope (through small incision in abdomen) |
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| lanine transminase and asperate tansaminase |
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| gastroesophageal refluc disease |
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| inflammatory bowel disease |
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| total parenteral nutrition (IV solucaitons givern to maintina nutrition) |
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| enlargement of extremetiescaused by hypersecretion from the anterior portion of the pituitary gland after puberty |
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| a group of clinical features produced by excess secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex (includes obesity, fullness in face, hyperglycemia, and osteoporosis) |
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| a disoder of the pancreas that causes an increase in blood glucose levels |
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| enlargement of the thyroid gland |
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| overactivity of the thyroid gland |
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| cross sectional x-ray images |
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| measurement of eyeball protrusion |
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| measurement of glucose levels in a blood sample taken from a fasting patient |
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| radioactive iodine uptake |
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| given by mouth, measured as evidenced by thyroid function |
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| measurement of hormones, electrolytes, and glucose levels in blood and urine as indicators of endocrine function |
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| measures levels of t4, t3 and TSH in bloodstream |
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| tissue from the inner lining of the uterus occurs abnormally in other pelvic or abdominal locations |
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| benign tumors in the uterus |
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| excessive disscharge of blood from the uterus during mentration |
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| surgical puncture of the amniotic sac |
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| withdrawl of fluid from cavity or sac |
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| visual examination of the vagina and cerzix with colposcope |
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| removal of cone shaped section of the cervix |
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| the use of heat to destroy abnormal tissue |
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| the use of cold temperatures to destory tissue |
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| surgical removal of fibroid tissue from the uterus |
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| where fallopian tubes are tied off |
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| dysfunctional uterine bleeding (associated with mentration) |
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| hormone replacement therapy |
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| pelvic inflammatory disease |
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| total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy |
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