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Medical Terminology
Chapter 14 Special Senses (Eyes and Ears)
86
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
05/15/2012

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Term
What are the 3 layers of the eye?
Definition

Sclera (the outer portion)

Choroid (the middle portion)

Retina (the inner portion)

Term

acous/o

audi/o

Definition
hearing
Term
blephar/o
Definition
eyelid
Term
conjunctiv/o
Definition
conjunctiva
Term
corne/o
Definition
cornea
Term
dacry/o
Definition
tear
Term
dipl/o
Definition
double
Term

ir/o

irid/o

Definition
iris
Term

kerat/o

 

Definition
cornea, keratinized tissue
Term
lacrim/o
Definition
lacrimal gland
Term

myring/o

tympan/o

Definition
tympanic membrane
Term

ocul/o

ophthalm/o

optic/o

Definition
eye
Term
ot/o
Definition
ear
Term

phac/o

phak/o

Definition
lens
Term
presby/o
Definition
old age
Term
retin/o
Definition
retina
Term
salping/o
Definition
tube (eustachian or fallopian)
Term
scler/o
Definition
sclera, hardening
Term
Abbreviation: AS, Ast
Definition
astigmatism
Term
Abbreviation: CAT
Definition
cataract
Term
Abbreviation: EM, em
Definition
emmetropia
Term
Abbreviation: EOM
Definition
extraocular movement
Term
Abbreviation: G, glc
Definition
glaucoma
Term
Abbreviation: LASIK
Definition
laser-assited in-situ keratomileusis
Term
Abbreviation: MD
Definition
macular degeneration
Term
Abbreviation: PERRLA
Definition
pupils are equal, round, reactive to light and accomodation
Term
Abbreviation: RD
Definition
retinal detachment
Term
Abbreviation: RK
Definition
radial keratomomy
Term
Abbreviation: V, VA
Definition
visual acutity
Term
Abbreviation: AOM
Definition
acute otitis media
Term
Abbreviation: EENT
Definition
eyes, ears, nose and throat
Term
Abbreviation: ENT
Definition
ears, nose and throat
Term
Abbreviation: TM
Definition
tympanic membrane
Term
amblyopia
Definition
disorder in which the brain disregards images from the weaker eye and relies on those from the stronger eye, sometimes called lazy eye
Term
astigmatism
Definition
abnormal curvature of the cornea that distorts the visual image (multiple images on the retina)
Term
myopia
Definition
in front of the retina
Term
hyperopia
Definition
behind the retina
Term
blepharitis
Definition
noncontagious inflammation of the eyelash follicles and tiny oil glands alond the margins of the eyelids
Term
cataract
Definition
cloudiness of the lens due to protein deposits as a result of aging, disease, or trauma, or as a side effect of tobacco use or certain medications
Term
central scotoma
Definition
blind spot in the center of the visual field surrounded by an area of normal vision
Term
chalazion
Definition
small benign cyst in the eyelid formed by the distention of a meibomian gland (sebacous gland of the eye) with secretions
Term
conjunctivitis
Definition
inflammation of the conjunctiva; also called pink eye
Term
diabetic retinopathy
Definition
progressive damage to microscopic vessels and other structures of the retina in patients with longstanding diabetes mellitus, which may result in blindness
Term
ectropion
Definition
condition in which the lower eyelid is turned outward and droops more with aging
Term
entropion
Definition
condition in which the eyelid edges are turned inward and rub against the surface of the eye, usually affects the lower eyelid
Term
acute glaucoma
Definition
type of glaucoma in which a sudden blockage of aqueous-humor outflow causes a rapid increase in intraocular pressure; can cause vision loss; also called closed-angle glaucoma
Term
chronic glaucoma
Definition
type of glaucoma in which the aqueous humor drains too slowly, leading to increasing intraocular pressure; can cause vision loss; also called primary open-angle glaucoma
Term
hordeolum
Definition
infection of a sebacous gland of the eyelid; also called a stye
Term
hyperopia
Definition
vision defect in which parallel rays focus behind the retina as a result of flattening of the globe of the eye or of an error in refraction; commonly called farsightedness
Term
hypertensive retinopathy
Definition
destructive retinal changes caused by hypertension
Term
keratitis
Definition
inflammation of the cornea, usually associated with decreased visual acuity, which may, if untreated, result in blindness
Term
legal blindness
Definition
loss in visual acuity that prevents a person from performing work requiring eyesight; defined as corrected visual acuity of 20/200 or less or a visual field of 20 degrees or less in the better eye
Term
macular degeneration
Definition
macular deterioration resulting in central vision loss, categorized as either atrophic (dry) or exudative (wet)
Term
myopia
Definition
error of refraction in which light rays focus in front of the retina, enabling the person to see distinctly for only a short distance; commonly called nearsightedness
Term
mystagmus
Definition
involuntary back-and-forth or cyclical movements of the eyes
Term
ophthalmology
Definition
study of the structure, functions, and diseases of the eyes
Term
presbyopia
Definition
permanent loss of accommodation of the lens of the eye that occurs as people enter their 40s, causing a marked inability to maintain focus on near objects
Term
retinal detachment
Definition
separation of the inner sensory layer of the retina from the outer pigment layer, caused by a break in the inner layer that permits vitreous fluid to leak under the retina and lift off its innermost layer, may cause blindness
Term
strabismus
Definition
deviation or misalignment of eyes that may adversely affect depth perception; types include extropia (eyes turned outward), esotropia (eyes turned inward), hypertropia (eyes turned upward) and hypotropia (eyes turned downward)
Term
uveitis
Definition
nonspecific term for any intraocular inflammatory disorder, which my affect the iris, ciliary body, choroid, or other parts of the eye
Term
anacusis
Definition
total deafness
Term
cholesteatoma
Definition
condition in which a cyst develops in the middle ear
Term
labyrinthitis
Definition
inflammation of the labyrinth within the inner ear; also called otitis interna
Term
Meniere Disease
Definition
chronic, noncontagious disorder of the labyrinth that leads to progressive hearing loss, vertigo and tinnitus
Term
otitis externa
Definition
acute inflammation or infection of the external auditory canal; also called swimmer's ear
Term
otitis media
Definition
inflammation or infection of the middle ear
Term
ostosclerosis
Definition
chronic progressive deafness caused by spongy bone formation around the oval window with resulting ankylosis of the stapes
Term
presbycusis
Definition
progressive loss of hearing with aging
Term
tinnitus
Definition
perception of ringing, buzzing, tinkling, or hissing sound in the ear
Term
vertigo
Definition
feeling of spinning or moving in space
Term
Audiometry
Definition
detailed measurement of hearing with an audiometer
Term
Cochlear implant
Definition
surgical insertion into the cochlea of a device that receives sound and transmits signals to electrodes implanted within the cochlea, allowing hearing-impaired persons to perceive sound
Term
Color vision tests
Definition
use of multicolored charts to evaluate the patient's ability to recognize color
Term
Corneal transplant (keratoplasty)
Definition
Surgical replacement of a diseased cornea with a healthy one from a donor
Term
Enucleation
Definition
surgical removal of the entire eyeball
Term
Laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK)
Definition
Procedure in which a laser is used to alter the shape of the deep corneal layer after a top flap in the surface is opened
Term
Laser photocoagulation
Definition
Destruction of areas of the retina with a laser beam
Term
Phacoemulsification
Definition
Removal of the lens with an ultrasonic device to treat cataracts
Term
Radial keratotomy
Definition
Incision into the outer portion of the cornea to flatten it and help correct nearsightedness
Term
Rinne Test
Definition
Hearing test that compares bone conduction to air conduction using a tuning fork
Term
Scleral buckling
Definition
Placement of a band of silicone around the eyeball to stabilize a detaching retina
Term
Slit-lamp microscopy
Definition
Examination of the posterior surface of the cornea with a slit lamp
Term
Tonometry
Definition
Measurement of intraocular tension to detect glaucoma
Term
Tympanometry
Definition
Procedure for evaluation of the mobility and patency of the eardrum, detection of middle ear disorders, and evaluation of the patency of the eustachian tube
Term
Tympanoplasty
Definition
Reconstruction of a perforated tympanic membrane
Term
Visual acuity test
Definition
Examination that identifies the smallest letters that can be correctly identified on a standardized Snellen vision chart from 20 feet
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