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| transports substances through the body |
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Blood Cells(formed elements):
erythrocytes(RBCs)
leukocytes(WBCs)
thromobocytes(platelets)
Plasma(liquid) |
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| more than normal number of cells |
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| where are blood cells produced? |
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| hematopoiesis or hemopoiesis |
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| majority of plasma content |
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albumin-transports fatty substances
globulin-antibodies
fibrinogen-blood clotting protein |
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| additional substances dissolved in plasma |
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| Ca, K, Na, glucose, amino acids, fats, urea, creatinine |
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| anucleated, biconcave discs, more in males |
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| What gives erythrocytes their red color? |
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| responsible for transport of oxygen |
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| contained in the pigment, can be reused, worn out ones removed by spleen and liver |
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| protect against pathogens |
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| granulocytes(have granules in cytoplasm)and agranulocytes(no granules in cytoplasm) |
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| Basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils |
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| monocytes and lymphocytes |
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| Characteristics of platelets |
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| smallest of all formed elements, fragments of larger cells |
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| critical in blood clotting |
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| What do platelets do when a vessel is damaged? |
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| agglutinate into small clusters |
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| formed after agglutination, converts fibrinogen to fibrin, results in fibrin blood clot |
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| Most important blood markers |
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| What makes one person's blood different from someone elses? |
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| presence of marker proteins on the surface of erythrocytes |
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| Two possible markers in the ABO system |
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| a person with type A marker has what type blood and what antibodies? |
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| type A blood, type anti-B antibodies |
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| Type anti-B antibodies attack what types of blood? |
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| a person with B marker has what type blood and what antibodies? |
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| type B blood and type anti-A antibodies |
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| type anti-A antibodies attack what types of blood? |
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| a person with no marker has what type blood and what antibodies? |
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| type O blood and type anti-A and anti-B antibodies |
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| a person with both anti-A and anti-B antibodies will attack what types of blood? |
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| type A, type B, and type AB |
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| a person with A and B markers has what type of blood and what antibodies? |
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| type AB and no antibodies |
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| no antibodies attacks what types of blood? |
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| does not attack any other blood types |
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| type O, because it has no markers |
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| type AB, because it has no antibodies and will not react with other blood |
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| Rh factor on red blood cells is... |
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| Rh+, will not make anti-Rh antibodies |
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| blood without the Rh factor is... |
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| Rh-, will produce anti-Rh antibodies if exposed |
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| Rh+ person can recieve... |
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| Rh- person can recieve... |
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| hard collection of fibrin, blood cells, tissue debris, end result of hemostasis |
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| to convert a liquid to a solid, as in blood clotting |
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| branch specializing in blood conditions |
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| collection of blood under skin from blood escaping from damaged vessel |
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| transfusion of only blood cells without plasma |
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| mixture of plasma and formed elements |
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| genetic disorder where blood fails to clot due to lack of one clotting factor |
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| excessive level of lipids in the blood, risk factor for atherosclerosis |
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| blood poisoning, bacteria or toxins in blood |
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| group of conditions characterized by reduction in number of RBCs or amount of Hb, and therefore less oxygen reaches tissues |
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| severe anemia where red bone marrow stops making sufficient blood cells |
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| results from insufficient amounts of iron to make Hb for RBCs |
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| destruction of RBCs when patient recieves mismatched blood transfusion |
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| results form excessive loss of RBCs |
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| genetic disorder where RBCs take on abnormal sickle shape, leads to hemolytic anemia |
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| insufficient absorption of vitamin B12, unable to make enough RBCs |
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| condition of having too many RBCs, blood is too thick |
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| genetic disorder where unable to produce functioning Hb |
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| cancer of white blood cell-forming portion of red bone marrow, results in large number of abnormal and immature WBCs |
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| CBC, complete blood count |
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| set of blood tests: RBC count, WBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC diff, platelet count |
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| C&S, blood culture and sensetivity |
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| blood is incubated to identify infecting bacteria and then test determines best antibiotic to use |
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| ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
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| determines rate at which RBCs settle in a test tube, indicates presence of inflammation in the body |
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| HCT, Hct, crit, hematocrit |
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| measure volume in a percentage of RBCs |
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| measures amount of hemoglobin present |
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| determines number of platelets |
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| Pro time, PT, prothrombin time |
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| measure how long needed for blood to coagulate and form a clot |
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| RBC, red blood cell count |
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| red blood cell morphology |
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| examines RBCs for abnormalities in shape |
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| WBC, white blood cell count |
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| measures number of leukocytes |
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| determines the number of EACH TYPE of WBC |
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| sample of bone marrow removed by aspiration and examined for diseases |
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| phlebotomy or venipuncture |
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| incision into vein in order to withdraw blood for testing |
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| collection and storage of patients own blood prior to need |
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| replacement blood with blood from another person |
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| removal of whole blood, seperation of plasma and formed elements returned to patient |
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| artifcial transfer of blood into the bloodstream |
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anticoagulant
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thrombolytic |
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prevents blood clots from forming
v.
dissolves exsisting clots |
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