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| phalanges (bones of fingers and toes) |
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| synapsis, point of contact |
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| sheath (usually refers to the meninges |
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| ventricle (of heart or brain) |
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| brain disorder of unknown etiology marked by gradual, progressive deterioration of mental capacity (dementia) beginning in middle age |
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| a localized dilation of the wall of a blood vessel, usually an artery, due to a congenital defect or weakness in the vessel wall |
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| the stiffening and immobility of a joint as the result of disease, trauma, surgery or abnormal bone fusion |
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| a common, painful disorder produced by compression on the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist |
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| a sudden loss of neurologic function, caused by vascular injury to the brain, characterized by occlusion by an embolus, thrombus, or cerebrovascular hemorrhage resulting in a decrease in blood flow (ischemia) of the tissues to that area of the brain (also called a stroke) |
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| any mechanical injury (usually caused by a blow) resulting in hemorrhage beneath unbroken skin (also caused a bruise) |
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| a gradual, progressive, usually irreversible impairment of cognitive and intellectual function (cognition) that interferes with normal social and occupational activities |
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| a form of arthritis (inflammation of a joint accompanied by pain, swelling, and frequently, changes in structure), caused by excessive uric acid in the body with damage to the synovial membrane and articular cartilage (usu. begins in the big toe). |
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| a swelling composed of a mass of extravasated blood (usually clotted) confined to an organ, tissue, or space and caused by a break in a blood vessel |
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| increased accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain due to interference with normal circulation and absorption |
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| an abnormal curvature of a portion of the spine, commonly known as humpback or hunchback (kyph = hill, mountain + -osis = abnormal condition) |
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| condition of sluggishness, abnormal inactivity, or a lack of response to normal stimuli |
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| an abnormal inward curvature of a portion of the spine, commonly called swayback |
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| a highly malignant tumor derived from primitive striated muscle cells that occurs most frequently in the head and neck |
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| inability to maintain the body balance when the eyes are shut and feet are close together |
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| an abnormal sideward curvature of the spine, either to the left or to the right (scoli = crooked, bent) |
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| a transient loss of consciousness due to inadequate blood flow to the brain; fainting |
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| noises in the ear, such as ringing, hissing whistling, roaring |
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| transient ischemic attack |
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| (TIA or ministroke) brief episode of ischemia in the brain, causing neurologic dysfunction; symptoms vary with the site and degree of occlusion |
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| the sensation of spinning or movement in which the world is revolving or the person is revolving in space, usually as a result of a disturbance of equilibrium in the inner ear |
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| the injection of radiopharmaceuticals to enable visualization of a bone using the image produced by the emission of radioactive particles |
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| cerebrospinal fluid analysis |
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| CSF obtained from a lumbar puncture is evaluated for the presence of blood, bacteria, malignant cells and the amount of protein and glucose present |
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| (electroencephalogram or electroencephalography) a graphic recording of the electrical activities of the brain (used to investigate epileptic states, to determine cerebral lesions or tumors and to determine cerebral death in comatose patients) |
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| the process of recording the strength of the contraction of a muscle when it is stimulated by electric current |
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| erythrocyte sedimentary rate (or sed rate): test to measure the rate at which RBCs settle to the bottom of a narrow tube (elevated rates indicate inflammation) |
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| (spinal tap or spinal puncture) insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space of the spinal column at the level of the fourth intervertebral space to withdraw CSF, determine the pressure of the CSF or to administer intrathecal medications |
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| radiography of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium into the spinal canal |
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| (positron emission tomography) a procedure used to evaluate metabolic and physiological function of the brain in which radioactive substance is injected into a vein and a cross-sectional color-coded image produced on a screen reflecting the degree of metabolic activity occurring |
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| (RF) blood test to detect the presence of the rheumatoid factor (antibodies often found in the serum of patients with a clinical diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis) |
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| test to measure the amount of uric acid in the blood (high levels of which are associated with gouty arthritis) |
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| drugs used to suppress seizures by changing the permeability of the neuron cell membrane so that it does not depolarize so readily |
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| drugs used to suppress seizures by changing the permeability of the neuron cell membrane so that it does not depolarize so readily |
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| electroencephalogram or electroencephalography |
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| erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
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| transient ischemic attack |
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