Term
| How are tumors classified? |
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Definition
| Grading, Anatomical site of origin, staging |
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Term
| Wht type of tumors would we find at an anatomical site? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 types of carcinomas? |
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Definition
| Squamus cell, Basal cell, Broncogenic |
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Term
| What types of tissues do the above carcinomas attack? |
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Definition
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Term
| A carcinoma can be defined as? |
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Definition
| Malignant tumors of the epithelial tissues. |
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Term
| Since epithelial tissues line body surfaces including those of glands and organs and carcinomas make up the majority of glandular cancers and are found in the breast, ST, uterus, tongue, and skin, these cancers are all examples of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the definition of a sarcoma? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of tissue does sarcomas attack? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cancers of Lymphoid tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Cancers of the bone marrow |
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Term
| Failure of immature cells to develop specialized functions. It involves a disturbance in the DNA of the affected cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Usually multiply rapidly, forming a mass of abnormal cells that enlarges, ulcerates, and sheds ____ to surrounding tissues. These cells then take the place of normal cells? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Immature cells fail to develop specialized functions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Nuclei that are hyperchromatic? |
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Definition
| Staining more intensely than normal. |
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Term
| How do malignant cells spread? |
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Definition
| Invasive growth and metastisis |
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Term
What type of invasive growth am I describing from the malignant cells?
a) Break away from the neoplasm, invade surrounding tissue, divide, form secondary neoplasms, reunite with the primary tumor as growth continues? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal growth of tissues can be both benign or malignant |
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Term
What type of invasive growth am I describing from the growth of malignant cells?
a) Multiply rapidly, spread to the surrounding tissue via the interstitial spaces accompanied by engulfment and destruction of normal cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Define interstitial spaces? |
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Definition
| Spaces in between the tissues |
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Term
| Identify the invasive process whereby cancer cells are spread from a primary site to distant secondary sites elsewhere in the body. These cells invade the bloodstream or lymph system and are transported to secondary sites where they become lodged and form a neoplasm? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 letters in the system for cancer staging? |
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Definition
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Term
| Represents the size of the tumor? |
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Definition
| T (0-3) 0= small tumor, 3= large tumor |
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Term
| Located only in the primary target? |
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Definition
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Term
| primary target drains to first lymph? |
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Definition
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Term
Lymph in the surrounding area has neoplastic cells?
N-2 (node) |
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Definition
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Term
| Distant cells have neoplastic cells? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Test used to diagnose fetal distress or fetal abnormalities, some liver disorders, and screen for and monitor some cancers. They retain their immature cell nature, higher levels can indicate cancer in the testes, ovaries, billary tract, ST or pancreas? |
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Definition
| Alpha-Fetalprotein Test (AFP) |
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Term
| Screening test which measure the amount of protein in the blood. ___ is found on many ovarian cancer cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Measures the amount of protein in the blood and can indicate certain cancers? |
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Definition
| Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) |
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Term
| Performed on breast cancer cells and determines presence of protein responsible for cancer cell behavior? |
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Definition
| Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2/neu) |
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Term
| Measures amount of PSA in the blood. It is a screening test that does not necessarily indicate this kind of cancer? |
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Definition
| ProstateSpecific Antigen (PSA) |
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Term
| Surgical removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic examination to POSITIVELY diagnose cancer? |
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Definition
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Term
| Breast biopsy to withdraw cells from breast lump? |
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Definition
| Fine needle aspiration (FNA) |
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Term
| Malignant tumor of melanocytes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Co-morbid condition in which there are external changes in women with advanced breast cancer? |
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Definition
| Padgets disease of the breast |
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Term
| Cancer that starts in the lymphatic tissue and most often in lymph nodes in the upper part of the body. The most common sites are in the chest, neck, or under the arm. Spreads to nearby lymph nodes, not the distant ones? |
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Definition
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Term
| Reed Sternberg cells, which are a type of malignant B lymphocyte? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cancer begins in the lymphatic system, usually in a B cell in the lymph node? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cancer that affects the white blood cells. There is a malfunction with the process of maturation from stem cell to WBC and a cancerous change occurs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Life threatening disease in which the cells that normally develop into lymphocytes become cancerous and rapidly replace normal cells in the bone marrow (immature lymphocytes). Most common in children and young people? |
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Definition
| Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) |
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Term
| Life threatening cancer in which myelocytes become cancerous and rapidly replace normal cells in the bone marrow? |
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Definition
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) |
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Term
| Characterized by a large number of cnacerous mature lymphocytes and enlarged lymph nodes. Affects men more than women and people over the age of 60? |
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Definition
| Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia (CLL) |
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Term
| Disease in which a cell in the bone marrow becomes cancerous and produces a large number of abnormal granulocytes. Affects people of any age but uncommon under 10 years old? |
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Definition
| Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia (CML) |
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Term
| Squamus cell carcinoma; also called epidermoid carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sometimes called oat cell cancer, grows more quickly, more likely to spread to other organs in the body |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common cancer in men age 20-35, in which the tumor usually the size of a pea but could be as large as a marble or even an egg? |
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Definition
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Term
| Science of high level radiation; it sources and the chemical, physical and biological effects of such radiation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Produced by a collision of a stream of electrons against a target contained within a vacuum tube. This collision produces electromagnetic rays of short wavelengths and high energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Person who specializes in radiology, roentgen diagnosis, and roentgen therapy? |
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Definition
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Term
| PT is placed with the posterior portion of the body facing the X-Ray tube and the anterior body facing the film. X-Rays will pass through the body from back to front in reaching the film? |
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Definition
| Posteroanterior (PA) Position |
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Term
| X-Ray beam passes from one side of the PT's body to the opposite side to reach the X-Ray Film? |
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Definition
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Term
| PT rests on the back, face upward, so the X-rays will pass thru the body from the front to the back? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Patient is placed lying face down with the head turned to one side, so the x-rays will pass from the back to the front side of the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| PT is placed so that the body or body part to be imaged is at an angle to the X-rays beam? |
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Definition
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Term
| Combines an advanced X-ray scanning system with a powerful microcomputer and vastly improved imaging quality while making it possible to view parts of the body and abnormalities not previously open to radiology? |
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Definition
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Term
| A technique that uses a device that emits radio waves of a certain frequency that are directed at a specific body area that is contained within a magnetic field? |
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Definition
| Magnet Resonance Imaging (MRI) |
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Term
| Beyond Sound frequency of human hearing. Widely used in diagnostic imaging for evaluation of a PT's internal organs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Process of using an ultrasound to produce a record of ultrasonic echoes as they strike tissue of different densities? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the record produced by an ultrasonography? |
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Definition
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Term
| Non-invasive technique for dertemining the blood flow velocity in different locations of the HT. The same technique can be used in determining the uterine artery blood flow velocity during pregnancy to determine the fetal heart rate? |
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Definition
| Ultrasound (Doppler Echocardiography) |
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Term
| Subspecialty within the field of radiology that uses radioactive substances to produce images of body anatomy and function? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tiny particles emitted from radioactive substance. It is a diagnostic procedure which develops images from positron radiation? |
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Definition
| Positron Emission Tomography (PET) |
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Term
| Branch of medicine where certain diseases are treated nonoperatively? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does an interventional radiologist specialize in? |
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Definition
| Treating diseases percutaneously by guided catheters, balloons, stents, filters, and other tiny instruments through the body's vascular system and/or other systems. |
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Term
| Enhanced form of X-ray technology called dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry (DEXA). It is used for osteoperosis? |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the DEXA:
1) Measures bone density in the hip and spine? |
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Definition
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Term
| Measures bone density in the wrist heel and finger? |
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Definition
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Term
| Generally used to detect breast cancer or other changes in breast tissue in women who do not have symptoms? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ordered when a screening mammogram shows abnormalities in the breast? |
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Definition
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Term
| Abnormal condition of the brain or mind that affects the way a person thinks, feels, behaves, and relates to others and to his or her surroundings? |
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Definition
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Term
| Standard manual used by experts for diagnosis of recognized mental illness in the U.S? |
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Definition
| Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, text revision (DSM-4) |
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Term
| MD with specialized training in psychotherapy and drug therapy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Method of obtaining detailed account of past and present mental and emotional experiences and repressions? |
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Definition
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Term
| Not an MD but one who has a masters degree or PhD in a specific field of psychology such as clinical, experimental, or social? |
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Definition
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Term
| PT oriented and can use various methods of psychotherapy to treat pt's, but cannot prescribe medications or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). They are trained in the use of tests for the evalusation of various aspects of a pt's mental health and intelligence? |
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Definition
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Term
| Method of treating mental disorders using psychological techniques instead of physical methods. Involves talking, interpreting, listening, rewarding, and role playing. Performed by any trained mental health professional? |
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Definition
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Term
| Used for individuals with severe depression or life threatening depression and they cannot take anti-depressants? |
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Definition
| Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) |
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Term
| What are the steps of ECT? |
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Definition
1) Injection of muscle relaxant under anasthesia before treatment.
Electrode placement- precise location on head to deliver the impulses to cause a brief seizure within the brain
The person who receives the ECT does not consciously experience the electrical stimulus. |
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Term
| What is the difference between anorexia and bulemia? |
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Definition
| Anorexics do not believe they have a problem, where bulemics admit they do. |
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Term
| Cannot stay focused on a task, can't sit still, act without thinking, and rarely finish anything. Occurs with other problems, such as depressive and anxiety disorders, conduct disorders, drug abuse, and antisocial behavior? |
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Definition
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Term
| Creatures of habit and cannot adapt to change? |
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Definition
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Term
| Depressive brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in a person's mood, energy, and ability to function. |
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Definition
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Term
| Manifested by a combination of symptoms that interfere with the ability to work, study, sleep, eat, and enjoy pleasurable activities. May occur once but most commonly several times in a lifetime? |
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Definition
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Term
| Chronic disorder that fills a person's life with exaggerated worry and tension. They do not believe this exaggerated behavior is irrational. The worries are accompanied by physical symptoms? |
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Definition
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) |
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Term
| Involves persistant, unwelcome thought or images, or the urgent need to engage in certain rituals that the person cannot control. The disturbing thoughts are called obesessions and the rituals performed to try to prevent or get rid of the are called compulsions? |
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Definition
| Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) |
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Term
| Form of anxiety that presents with feelings of terror that strike suddenly and repeatedly without warning. Developing these disorders may be inherited? |
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Definition
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Term
| Debilitating condition that can develop following a terrifying event. They feel emotionally numb, and have persistent frightening thoughts and memories of their ordeals? |
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Definition
| Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) |
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Term
| Consists of Positive or psychotic symptoms such delusion, hallucinations, and disordered thinking, and negative symptoms such as, social withdrawl, extreme apathy, diminished motivation, blunted emotional expression, and cognitive deficits? |
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Definition
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