tube

(usually fallopian or eustachian tubes)

childbirth

labor

Blood Urea Nitrogen

BUN

a test that determines the amount of urea nitrogen (a waste product of protein matabolism) present in a blood sample

Because urea is cleard from the bloodstream by the kidneys, the BUN test is used as an indcator of a kidney infection.

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy

ESWL

one of the most common methods of treatment for kidney stones where calculi are pulverized using concentrated ultrasound waves, called shock waves, directed at the stones from a machine outside the body.

1st stage, stage of dialation - begins with uterine contractions & terminates when there is complete dialation of the cervix (10cm)

2nd stage, stage of expulsion - the time from complete cervical dialation to birth of the baby

3rd satge, placental stage (afterbirth) - starts shortly after childbirth when the uterine contractions discharge the placenta from the uterus.

cytological study used to detect abnormal cells sloughed from the cervix & vagina, usually obtained during routine pelvic examination

A Pap test is commonly used to screen for & diagnose cervical cancer. It may also be used to evaluate cells from any organ, such as the pleura & peritoneum, to detect changes that indicate malignancy.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

PID

a general term for inflammation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, & adjacent, pelvic structures & is usually caused by bacterial infections

S/S

of

pyelonephritis

pain around the kidney(s)

dysuria (painful or difficult urinating)

fatigue

urinary urgency

frequent urination

chills, fever, nausea, & vomiting

2 Kidneys (retroperitoneum)

2 Ureters

Bladder

Urethra

the absence of menses

Menopause is usually diagnosed if amenorrhea has persisted for 1 year.

amnion

amniontic sac

absence of urine production or urinary output

Anuria may be obstructive, in which there is a blockage proximal to the bladder, or unobstructive, which is caused by severe damage to the nephrons of the kidneys.

congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening such as the vagina

retention of excessive amounts of nitrogenous compounds in the blood.

a.k.a. uremia

nitrgenous products, especially urea, are toxic. If they are not removed from the body, death will result.

suturing the cervix to prevent it from dilating prematurely during pregnancy, thus decreasing the chance of a spontaneous abortion. The sutures are removed prior to delivery.

Cerclage is sometimes referred to as "purse-string" procedure

neck

or

neck of the uterus

change of life

or

climacteric

the period in which symptoms of approaching menopause occur

process of freezing tissue to destroy cells

used for chronic cervical infections & erosions because offending organisms may be entrenched in cervical cells & glands. the process destroys these infected areas & in the healing process, normal cells are replinished.

condition of hidden testes

A.K.A. cryptorchism

visual examination of the urinary bladder for evidence of pathology, obtaining biopsies of tumors or other growths, & removal of polyps

menstral pain & tension

may be the result of uterine contractions, pathological growths, or such chronic disorders as anemia, diabetes, & tuberculosis (TB)

difficult labor, which may be produced by the large size of the fetus or the small size of the pelvic outlet

painful or difficult urination, commonly described as a "burning sensation" while urinating

Dysuria is a symptom of numerous conditions, but most commonly, urinary tract infections (UTI).

most serious form of toxemia during pregnancy

signs of eclampsia include high BP, edema, convulsions, renal dysfunction, proteinuria, & even in severe cases, coma.

mineral salts (sodium, potasium, & calcium) that carry an electrical charge in solution

A proper balance of electrolytes is essential to the functioning of the entire body but especially nerves, muscle, & heart.

involuntary discharge of urine

a.k.a. incontinence

Enuresis that occurs during the night is called nocturnal enuresis, during the day, diurnal enuresis.

abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another

The most common type of urinary fistula is the vesicovaginal fistula where communication occurs between the bladder & vagina. Its causes include previous pelvic surgery, such as hysterectomy, difficult or prolonged labor, or reduced blood supply to the area.

gonads

sex glands

pregnant woman

The term may be followed by numbers indicating the number of pregnancies.

woman

or

female

abnormal dialation of the renal pelvis & the calyces of one or both kidneys due to pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract

The most common causes of hydronephrosis are BPH, urethral strictures, & calculi that lodge in the ureter & cause an obstruction. The presure impairs, & eventually interrupt, kidney function.

radiograophy or the uterus & uterine tubes (oviducts) following injection of a contrast medium

used to determine pathology in the uterine cavity, evaluate tubal patency, & determine the cause of infertility

potassium

(an electrolyte)

ketone bodies

(acids & acetones)

presences of keytone bodies in the urine

Ketonuria is commonly found in diabetes mellitus, starvation, & excessive dieting.

visual examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall, usually at the umbilicus

crushing of a stone

the most common method of lithotripsy is Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL).

opening

or

meatus

menses

menstruation

an early onset of menstruation

or

beginning or menstrual function

irregular uterine bleeding between menstrual periods or after menopause

usually symptomatic of disease, including benign or malignant uterine tumors

urination

urine is expelled from the body through the urethral opening (urinary meatus).

woman who has delivered more than one viable infant

Whether the the births were multiple or not is irrelevant.

products of cellular metabolism that contain nitrogen

Nitrogenous wastes include urea, uric acid, creatine, creatinine, & ammonia.

excessive & frequent urination after going to bed

Nocturia is typically caused by excessive fluid intake, uncontrolled dibetes mellitus (DM), UTIs, prostate disease, impaired renal function, or the use of diuretics.

scanty urine production

diminished capacity to form & pass urine, resulting in inefficient excretion of the end products metabolism

Oliguria is usually caused by fluid & electrolyte imbalances, renal lesions, or urinary tract obstruction.

testis

or

Plural, testes

testis

or

Plural, testes

serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity & covers most of the organs within that cavity

stenosis or narrowing of preputial orifice so that the foreskin cannot be retracted over the glans penis

potassium & chloride together

Potassium Chloride (K-tab) or (Kaon Cl)

used to replace potassium due to depletion caused by diuretics.

a moveable hood of skin which covers the glans penis

(foreskin)

a woman who has given birth to one viable infant; her first child

one of the most common forms of kidney disease

bacteria invade the renal pelvis & kidney tissue, commonly as a result of a bladder infection that has ascended to the kidney via the ureters

a.k.a. kidney infection or complicated UTI

backward

or

behind

tube

(usually fallopian or eustachian tubes)

a tube that discharges urine from the bladder

in males, it is both the urinary & reproductive systems

The length of the urethra is approx. 1.5in. in women & about 7-8 in men.

ureter

remember there are 2 ureters

ureathra

remember there is only one urethra

the physician who specializes in diagonoses & treatment of genitourinary disorders

localized infections & inflammations that are confined to the vagina, which occur from viruses, bacteria, or yeast

"usually caused by a yeast infection"

vessel

vas deference

duct

removal of (all or part of) the vas deference

Bilateral vasectomy is a surgical procedure to produce sterility in the male.