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Medical Terminology Chapter 10 Review
Medical Terminology Chapter 10 Review
70
Medical
Professional
06/22/2010

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Term
hematopoiesis
Definition

Production & development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow

Term

Skeletal Muscles

(Voluntary Muscles)

Striated Muscles

Definition

muscles whose action is under voluntary control.

 

Examples of voluntary muscles include:

muscles that move the eyeballs, tongue, & bones

Term

Smooth Muscles

(Involuntary Muscles)

Visceral Muscles

Definition

muscles whose actions are involuntary

 

Found primarily in the visceral organs, walls of the arteries, & respiratory passages, & urinary & reproductive ducts.

Term
adduction
Definition
moves closer to the midline
Term
abduction
Definition
moves away from the midline
Term
pronation
Definition
turns the palm down
Term
supination
Definition
turns the palm up
Term
diaphysis
Definition
the shaft or long, main portion of a bone
Term
epiphysis
Definition

ends of the bones

 

 

Term
spongy bone
Definition

is surrounded by a layer of compound bone

 

has red bone marrow in it

Term
osteoblasts
Definition
the bone-forming cells in growing bones
Term

dactyl bones

include:

Definition

metatarsals & phalanges

 

both found in fingers & toes

Term

pelvic girdle

consists of which bones?

Definition

llium

sacrum

coccyx

pubis

ischium

Term
thorax
Definition

the chest

 

protects the lungs & heart

Term
articulate
Definition
where joints meet & move
Term
diathroses
Definition
freely moveable joints
Term
amphiarthroses
Definition
only slightly moveable joints
Term
synarthroses
Definition
immoveable joints
Term
synovial joints
Definition
joints that allow movement
Term
ankl/o
Definition

stiffness

bent or crooked

Term
ankylosis
Definition

abnormal condition of stiffness

 

- Ankylosis results in immobility & stiffness of a joint.

It may be the result of trauma, surgery, disease, or abnormal bone fusion.

- most commonly occurs in rheumatoid arthritis.

Term
arthr/o
Definition
joint
Term
kyph/o
Definition
humpback
Term
kyphosis
Definition
abnormal condition of a humback posture
Term
lord/o
Definition
swayback
Term
lordosis
Definition
abnormal condition of a swayback posture
Term
orth/o
Definition
straight
Term

orthropedist

orthopedics

Definition

a person who specializes in treatment of musculoskeletal disorders.

 

"bone Dr."

Term
oste/o
Definition
bone
Term
ped/o
Definition
foot or child
Term
scoli/o
Definition
crooked or bent
Term
scoliosis
Definition

abnormal bending of the spine

 

"C-shaped spine"

Term
thorac/o
Definition
chest
Term
brachi/o
Definition
arm
Term
cephal/o
Definition
head
Term
dactyl/o
Definition
fingers or toes
Term
femor/o
Definition
thigh
Term
pod/o
Definition
foot
Term
spondyl/o
Definition

vertebrae

(backbone)

Term
vertebr/o
Definition

vertebrea

 

(backbone)

Term
leiomy/o
Definition

smooth muscle

visceral muscle

 

lei = smooth

my/o = muscle

Term
muscul/o
Definition
muscle
Term
my/o
Definition
muscle
Term
rhabd/o
Definition
rod-shaped (striated)
Term
rhabdomy/o
Definition
rod-shaped (striated) muscle
Term
chondr/o
Definition
cartilage
Term
-desis
Definition
binding or fixation (of a bone or joint)
Term
-malacia
Definition
softening
Term
chondromalacia
Definition
softening of cartilage
Term
closed (simple) fracture
Definition
where a bone is broken but no external wound exists
Term
open (compound) fracture
Definition

involves a broken bone & an external wound that leads to the site of fracture

 

"where the broken bone is poking out of the skin"

Term
greenstick fracture
Definition

when the broken bone does not extend through the entire thickness of the bone

 

one side of the bone is broken & the other side of the bone is bent

Term
incomplete fracture
Definition

occurs when the line of fracture does not completely transverse the entire bone

Term
comminuted fracture
Definition
where the bone has broken or splintered into pieces
Term
osteomyelitis
Definition
infection of the bone & bone marrow
Term
pyogenic
Definition

pus-forming bacteria

 

This disease usually begins with local trauma to the bone causing a hematoma (blood clot). Bacteria from an acute infection in another area of the body find their way to the injured bone & establish the infection.

Term
osteoporosis
Definition

- a common metabolic bone disorder in the elderly, particularly in postmenopausal women & especially women older than 60.

- most commonly in Northern European (white) women.

- major causes include: disturbances of protein metabolism, protein deficiency, disuse of bones due to prolonged periods of immobilization, estrogen deficiencies associated with menopause, a diet lacking in vitamin or calcium, & long-term administration of high doses of steroids (corticosteroids).

Term

Rheumatoid Arthritis

RA

Definition

"an autoimmune reaction of joint tissue"

 

- a sythemic disease characterized by inflammatory changes in joints & their related structures, results in crippling deformities.

- It occurs most commonly in women between the ages 23 & 35 but can affect people of any age group.

Term
exacerbation
Definition

increase of severity of a disease or any of its symptoms

 

periods of flare-ups

Term
osteoarhtritis
Definition

the most common type of connective tissue disease.

 

spurs - cartilage destruction & new bone formation at the edges of joints which are most commonly seen in osteoarthritis.

Term
spurs
Definition
cartilage destruction & new bone formation at the edges of joints which are most "commonly seen in osteoarthritis"
Term
metsatasis
Definition

secondary site for cancer

 

most bone cancers are metastized cancers

 

Term
sarcomas
Definition

"always malignant"

 

- malignancies that originate from bone, fat, muscle, cartilage, bone marrow, & cells of the lymphatic system

- major types of sarcomas include:

fibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, & ewingsarcomas

Term
claudication
Definition
lameness or limping
Term
contracture
Definition

fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that "prevents normal mobility" of the related tissue or joint

Term
hypotonia
Definition

loss of muscular tone

or

a diminished resistance to passive stretching

Term
subluxation
Definition
partial or incomplete dislocation
Term
arthrocentesis
Definition

puncture of a joint space using a needle to remove accumulated fluid

Term
arthroscopy
Definition

visual examination of the interior of a joint & its structures

Term
NSAIDs
Definition
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
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