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| flank, hip, groin, ilium of the pelvis |
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| haunch, hip joint, ischium |
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| reaction to a stimulus, movement |
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| condition of joint pain, often the first symptom of joint or bone disease and joint injury |
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| the inability to coordinate muscles during a voluntary activity |
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| reduced muscle size and strength due to a lack of movement |
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| abnormally slow movement that is usually a clinical sign of an underlying bone, muscle or nervous disorder. |
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| the abnormal reduction of calcium in bone often caused by a hormonal disorder upsetting the calcium balance between bloodstream and bone |
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| a deformity arising during development, a sign of a congenital disease that occurs in different forms |
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| a sign of excessive muscle growth or development, often induced by exercise enthusiasts. Produced by the addition of protein to muscle fibers, which is stimulated by strenuous muscle activity |
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| muscle pain, a common type is lactic acid buildup in muscles as a result of anaerobic respiration during strenuous exercise |
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| a disease that causes dwarfism that is genetically determined and causes abnormal lack of growth of long bones |
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| disease in which the joints are abnormally stiff and movement is difficult |
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| general disorder resulting in inflammation and degeneration of a joint. Two major types are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis |
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| a temporary condition caused by localized infection in which the articular cartilage within synovial joints undergoes inflammation resulting in joint pain during movements. |
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| an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the big toe caused by an inflammation of a bursa near the big toe |
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| inflammation of a bursa, saclike things that act to cushion certain joints |
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| a calcium deposit within a bursa of the foot, confirmed with an x-ray and typically surgically removed. |
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| a condition characterized by inflammation of the wrist (tenosynovitis) that causes pressure against the median nerve resulting in local pain and restricted movement. |
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| aka, wrist drop. a condition of weakness of the wrist resulting in difficulty supporting the hand |
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| prolonged, involuntary muscular contractions that cause pain |
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| Degenrative joint disease |
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| DJD, a general term describing a disease of joints in which the cartilage undergoes degeneration. This disease is progressive and as the cartilage degrades it is often replaced with bone |
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| Duchenne's muscular dystrophy |
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| DMD, a children's disease causing skeletal muscle degeneration, resulting in progressive muscle weakness and deterioration. |
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| epicondyles are small bony elevations on the humerus near the elbow joint. In epicondylitis this area of the elbow becomes inflamed usually due to an injury |
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| a disease of unknown origin that produces widespread pain of musculoskeletal structures of the limbs, face, and trunk. Some evidence suggests it may be caused by sleep deprivation |
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| clinical term for a break in a bone |
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| a break in the distal part of the radius |
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| break resulting in fragmentation of the bone |
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| a crushed break, often due to weight or pressure applied to the bone during a fall |
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| a break causing an abnormal alignment of bone pieces |
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| a break at the location of the growth plate, which can affect growth of the bone |
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| a slight break in a bone that appears as a slight fissure in an x-ray |
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| a break in which the broken bones retain their alignment |
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| a break at the ankle that affects both bones of the leg |
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| a spiral-shaped break often caused by twisting stresses along a long bone |
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| a disorder in which an abnormal accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints causes sharp pain in the joints of the toes. These crystals are waste products of protein metabolism, therefore this disease is exacerbated by a high protein diet |
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| the rupture of an intervertebral disk, which causes pressure against spinal nerves which generates back pain. This injury is often caused by sudden movement or an attempt to lift a heavy object |
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| a spinal deformity in which the upper thoracic curve bends posteriorly, causing an abnormal hump at the upper back that often accompanies osteoporosis. |
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| an exaggerated anterior spinal curve in the lumbar area |
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| a lateral curvature of the spine with a congenital origin usually in the thoracic or lumbar regions |
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| a congenital disease that results in excessive cartilage formation at the epiphyseal plates (growth plates) forming abnormally long limbs and a tall, thin body form. Also, the heart valves are deformed causing valvular heart disease. |
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| the meniscus is a crescent-shaped band of cartilage that supports certain joints, such as the knee and shoulder. Meniscitis is the inflammation of the meniscus and it results in joint pain. |
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| a disease characterized by a progressive failure of muscles to respond to nerve stimulation. |
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| a malignant tumor in the red bone marrow |
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| an injury in which the muscle tears through the fascia, a layer of tough connective tissue surrounding the muscle, causing a protrusion. |
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| a local inflammation of muscle |
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| inflammation of the bone, often a result of an injury or infection |
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| aka Paget's disease, results in bone deformities due to an acceleration of bone loss, often has symptoms of severe bone pain and frequent fractures. Some evidence suggests this is caused by a virus. |
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| bone cancer arising from epithelial tissue that has invaded the bone. |
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| bone cancer arising from connective tissue, usually within the bone itself. Is a more aggressive form of bone cancer |
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| malignant bone cancer that arises from the cells of the red bone marrow, named because of the high levels of deformed white blood cells present in blood samples that are diagnostic of the disease |
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| an inherited disease resulting in impaired bone growth and fragile bones. This disease is progressive, has symptoms of severe bone pain, skeletal deformities, and frequent fractures. |
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| a disease resulting in the softening of bones, generally caused by a hormonal imbalance resulting in gradual loss of calcium to bone tissue. |
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| inflammation of the red bone marrow usually caused by a bacterial infection |
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| the abnormal loss of bone density common with the elderly, especially postmenopausal women. Results in loss of posture and flexibility |
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| paralysis of the area below the hips, including both legs |
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| paralysis of all four limbs |
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| a condition caused by bacterial infection in which a group of muscles become infected and react with inflammation |
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| a condition in which the bones become softened due to the excessive removal of calcium for other body functions. Caused by a lack of calcium and/or vit D in the diet. A child with rickets often suffers from bowing of the legs and growth retardation |
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| the rotator cuff is a combo of four muscles (teres minor, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis) and their tendons that surround and stabilize the shoulder joint. A tear of one of these tendons or muscles can cause local inflammation, pain, and joint dislocation |
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| a trauma to the vertebral column, SCI. |
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| an uncommon condition of intervertebral joints that leads to a gradual inability to flex and bend the back |
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| a tear of collagen fibers within a ligament, usually caused by stretching the ligament beyond its normal range without warming or slow stretching |
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| a tear of a muscle usually caused by stretching a muscle beyond its normal range, often causes a bruise. |
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| temporomandibular joint disease |
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| disease of the temporomandibular joint at the junction of the mandible and the temporal bone, results in frequent dislocations that make it difficult and painful to move the jaw during speaking and chewing |
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| a form of tedonitis that involves inflammation of the synovial mambrane surrounding the the joint |
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| a procedure in which excess fluids in inflamed joints are aspirated, or withdrawn by suction, through a surgical puncture into the synovial cavity of the joint |
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| a procedure in which an abnormally stiff joint must be broken during surgery to increase the range of motion, or ROM. |
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| surgical fixation of a joint |
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| an x-ray of a joint after injection of contrast media, air, or both to highlight the synovial joint. |
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| a procedure in which a joint is loosened of abnormal restrictions, such as calcium deposits and bursoliths |
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| surgical repair of a joint. A complete arthroplasty refers to a joint replacement |
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| an endoscopic visual examination of a joint cavity that uses an instrument that integrates fiber optics, live-action photography, and computer enhancement, an arthroscope. When this procedure is part of a surgery, arthroscopic surgery |
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| a surgical incision into the synovial cavity of a joint |
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| a surgery involving the removal of a bursa from a joint |
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| the field of therapy that is centered on manipulation of bones and joints, most commonly the vertebral column |
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| surgical removal, or excision, of the cartilage associated with a joint. Commonly uses arthroscopy to reduce the size of the incision and improve the surgeon's view |
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| surgical repair of cartilage associated with a joint |
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| surgery involving the removal of a rib |
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| a procedure in which one or more bones of the cranium undergo repair during surgery |
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| a procedure in which the surgeon enters the cranial cavity |
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| a surgical procedure that is used frequently to reduce the pain of a herniated disk by surgically removing the intervertebral disk. Also called spinal fusion when the adjacent vertebrae are fused together. |
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| the alternate term for spinal fusion |
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| a procedure during which the part of the vertebra known as the lamina is surgically removed to relieve pressure on the spinal cord |
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| a procedure in which the strength of a muscle contraction can be measured and recorded |
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| a surgical incision into the connective tissue sheath surrounding a muscle called fascia |
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| a procedure in which broken bones are aligned to their normal positions. Doing this without surgery is called closed fracture reduction. |
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| Internal and external fixation |
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| use of pins, screws, rods, or plates to stabilize an alignment. This can also be applied outside the skin (external). |
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| bone grafting - electrical bone stimulation |
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| procedures that can be applied to stimulate the healing process if the normal healing process is impeded. |
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| surgical repair of a muscle, may include a procedure called myorrhaphy in which the torn ends of the muscle are sutured together |
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| nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the most common pharmacological treatment for most conditions, including muscle and bone pain. I.e. aspirin and ibuprofen |
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| the field of medical support involving the construction and fitting of orthopedic appliances to assist a patient, such as lifts or artificial limbs (prosthesis) |
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| the surgical removal or excision of bone tissue, performed to remove unwanted bone formations |
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| a procedure in which a bone is broken purposely to correct a defect or an improperly healed fracture |
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| a medical field that emphasizes the relationship between musculoskeletal system and overall health with an emphasis on body alignment and nutrition |
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| the surgical repair of bone |
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| specialty that focuses on foot health |
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| a surgical procedure involving repair of both muscle and tendon |
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| surgery in which a torn tendon is sutured together |
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| surgical incision on the tendon |
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| a surgical procedure that repairs damaged or diseased vertebrae |
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