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Medical Terminology Ch.4
Medical Terminology Systems Ch. 4 (Gylys & Wedding)
156
Medical
Undergraduate 1
09/18/2009

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Term
cytoplasm
Definition
gel-like substance that surrounds the nucleus of a cell but is contained within the cell membrane
Term
DNA
Definition
deoxyribonucleic acid, molecule that holds genetic information and makes an exact copy of itself whenever the cell divides
Term
diagnosis
Definition
identification of a disease or condition by scientific evaluation of physical signs, symptons, history, laboratory and clinical test results, and radiographic procedures
Term
endoscope
Definition
instrument consisiting of a rigid or flexible fiberoptic tube and optical system for observing the inside of a hollow organ or cavity
Term
etiology
Definition
study of the causes of disease
Term
fluoroscope
Definition
instrument, consisting of an x-ray machine and a fluorescent screen, used to view the internal organs of the body, pt between x-ray & screen
Term
idiopathic
Definition
pertaining to conditions without clear pathogenesis, or disease without recognizable cause, as of spontaneous origin
Term
metabolism
Definition
chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism and produce energy and basic materials needed for all life processes
Term
prognosis
Definition
prediction of the course and end of a disease and the estimated chance of recovery
Term
sign
Definition
any objective evidence or manifestation of an illness or a disordered function of the body
Term
symptom
Definition
any change in the body or its functions as perceived by the patient
Term
midsagittal plane
Definition
median, divides R & L halves
Term
coronal plane
Definition
frontal, divides anterior (ventral) & posterior (dorsal)
Term
transverse plane
Definition
horizontal, divides superior & inferior
Term
cranial
Definition
brain
Term
spinal
Definition
spinal cord
Term
thoracic cavity
Definition
heart, lungs, etc.
Term
abdominopelvic cavity
Definition
digestive, excretory & reproductive organs
Term
right upper quadrant (RUQ)
Definition
right lobe of liver, gallbladder, part of pancreas, part of small & large intestines
Term
left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Definition
left lobe of liver, stomach, part of pancreas, part of small & large intestines
Term
right lower quadrant (RLQ)
Definition
part of small & large intestines, appendix, R ovary, R fallopian tube, R ureter
Term
left lower quadrant (LLQ)
Definition
part of small & large intestines, L ovary, L fallopian tube, L ureter
Term
left hypochondriac region
Definition
upper left region beneath the ribs
Term
epigastric region
Definition
region above the stomach
Term
R hypochondriac region
Definition
upper R region beneath the ribs
Term
L lumbar region
Definition
L middle lateral region
Term
umbilical region
Definition
region of the navel
Term
R lumbar region
Definition
R middle lateral region
Term
L inguinal (iliac) region
Definition
L lower lateral region
Term
hypogastric region
Definition
lower middle region beneath the navel
Term
R inguinal (iliac) region
Definition
R lower lateral region
Term
abduction
Definition
movement away from the median plane
Term
adduction
Definition
movement toward the median plane
Term
medial
Definition
pertaining to the midline
Term
lateral
Definition
pertaining to a side
Term
superior (cephalad)
Definition
toward the head or upper portion of a structure
Term
inferior (caudal)
Definition
away from the head or toward the tail or lower part of a structure
Term
proximal
Definition
nearer to the center (trunk of the body) or to the point of attachment to the body
Term
distal
Definition
further from the center (trunk of the body) or from the point of attachment to the body
Term
anterior (ventral)
Definition
front of the body
Term
posterior (dorsal)
Definition
back of the body
Term
parietal
Definition
outer wall of body cavity
Term
visceral
Definition
internal organs, esp. abd. organs
Term
prone
Definition
lying horizontal with face downward, hand w/palms downward
Term
supine
Definition
lying on the back w/face upward or hand/foot w/palm facing upward
Term
inversion
Definition
turning inward or inside out
Term
eversion
Definition
turning outward
Term
palmar
Definition
pertaining to the palm of the hand
Term
plantar
Definition
pertaining to the sole of the foot
Term
superficial
Definition
toward the surface of the body
Term
deep
Definition
away from the surface of the body (internal)
Term
cyt/o
Definition
cell [cytologist]
Term
hist/o
Definition
tissue [histology]
Term
nucle/o
Definition
nucleus [nuclear]
Term
kary/o
Definition
nucleus [karyolysis, destruction of cell]
Term
anter/o
Definition
anterior
Term
caud/o
Definition
tail [caudad, toward posterior]
Term
crani/o
Definition
cranium [cranial]
Term
dist/o
Definition
far [distal]
Term
dors/o
Definition
back [dorsal]
Term
infer/o
Definition
lower [inferior]
Term
later/o
Definition
side [lateral]
Term
medi/o
Definition
middle [medial]
Term
poster/o
Definition
back [posterior]
Term
proxim/o
Definition
near [proximal]
Term
ventro/o
Definition
belly side [ventral]
Term
abdomin/o
Definition
abdomen [abdominal]
Term
cervic/o
Definition
neck, [cervical]
Term
gastr/o
Definition
stomach [hypogastric]
Term
ili/o
Definition
ilium [ilial]
Term
inguin/o
Definition
groin [inguinal]
Term
lumb/o
Definition
lower back [lumbar]
Term
umbilic/o
Definition
navel [umbilical]
Term
pelv/i
Definition
pelvis [pelvimeter]
Term
pelv/o
Definition
pelvis [pelvic]
Term
spin/o
Definition
spine [spinal]
Term
thorac/o
Definition
chest [thoracic]
Term
albin/o
Definition
white [albinism]
Term
leuk/o
Definition
white [leukocyte]
Term
chlor/o
Definition
green [chloropia, objects appear green]
Term
chrom/o
Definition
color [heterochromic, different colored eyes]
Term
cirrh/o
Definition
yellow [cirrhosis]
Term
jaund/o
Definition
yellow [jaundice]
Term
xanth/o
Definition
yellow [xanthocyte, cell w/yellow pigment]
Term
cyan/o
Definition
blue [cyanotic]
Term
erythr/o
Definition
red [erythrocyte]
Term
melan/o
Definition
black [melanoma]
Term
poli/o
Definition
gray, gray matter [poliomyelitis]
Term
acr/o
Definition
extremity [acrocyanosis, blueness of extremities]
Term
eit/o
Definition
cause [etiology]
Term
fasci/o
Definition
band separating muscles [fasciitis]
Term
idi/o
Definition
unknown, peculiar [idiopathic, w/o clear cause]
Term
morph/o
Definition
form, shape [morphology]
Term
path/o
Definition
disease [pathologist]
Term
radi/o
Definition
radiation [radiologist]
Term
somat/o
Definition
body [somatic]
Term
son/o
Definition
sound [sonography, ultrasonography]
Term
viscer/o
Definition
internal organ [visceral organs]
Term
xer/o
Definition
dry [xerosis, abnormal dryness]
Term
-logy
Definition
study of
Term
-logist
Definition
specialist
Term
-genesis
Definition
forming, producing, origin
Term
-gnosis
Definition
knowing
Term
-gram
Definition
record, writing
Term
-graph
Definition
instrument for recording
Term
-graphy
Definition
process of recording
Term
-meter
Definition
instrument for measuring
Term
-metry
Definition
act of measuring
Term
-pathy
Definition
disease
Term
ab-
Definition
from, away from
Term
ad-
Definition
toward
Term
infra-
Definition
below, under
Term
hetero-
Definition
different
Term
homeo-
Definition
same
Term
peri-
Definition
around
Term
super-
Definition
upper, above
Term
trans-
Definition
across, through
Term
ultra-
Definition
excess, beyond
Term
adhesion
Definition
abnormal fibrous band holding tissues together
Term
analyte
Definition
substance being analyzed or tested
Term
contrast medium
Definition
substance entered into the body to facilitate X-ray
Term
dehiscence
Definition
bursting open
Term
febrile
Definition
pertaining to fever
Term
homeostasis
Definition
equilibrium in internal environment
Term
inflammation
Definition
body defense, swelling, heat, pain
Term
morbid
Definition
diseased
Term
nuclear medicine
Definition
radioactive substance for diagnostic purposes
Term
radiology
Definition
electromagnetic radiation, ultra sound & imaging for diagnosis & treatment
Term
radionuclides (tracers)
Definition
substances that emit radiation
Term
radiopharmaceutical
Definition
radionuclide attached to substance which travels to the organ to be scanned
Term
scan
Definition
computerized image named by modality
Term
sepsis
Definition
pathological state, usually febrile, from the presence of microorganisims in blood
Term
suppurative
Definition
generation of pus
Term
laparoscopy
Definition
visual exam via scope inserted in small abd. incision
Term
torascopy
Definition
visual exam of lungs via scope inserted in small incision
Term
complete blood count (CBC)
Definition
blood test
Term
urinalysis
Definition
urine test
Term
CT scan
Definition
computed tomography, X-ray machine rotates around pt (was CAT scan) to create sliced images
Term
Doppler
Definition
US to locate blood clots
Term
fluoroscopy
Definition
X-ray to view motion of organs for placement of catheters, etc.
Term
MRI
Definition
magnetic resonance imaging, radio waves & magnetic field to diagnosis various disease, good for soft tissue contrast
Term
nuclear scan
Definition
radioactive material introduced and scanned from outside
Term
PET
Definition
positron emission tomography, computed tomography records positrons (positive charged particles) for brain & nervous system
Term
radiography
Definition
x-ray
Term
SPECT
Definition
single photon emission computed tomography, tomographic imaging of metabolic & physiologic functions in tissues, shows hot spot (over absorption) and cold spot (under absorption)
Term
radiography
Definition
x-ray passes through body & put on film
Term
tomography
Definition
pix slice of cross section for diagnosis
Term
ultrasonography (US)
Definition
hi-freq sound waves passed through body, echos displayed on monitor
Term
biopsy
Definition
tissue sample for testing
Term
ablation
Definition
remove a part, pathway or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, freezing or radiofrequency (RF)
Term
anastomosis
Definition
joining two ducts surgically
Term
cauterize
Definition
destroy tissue by electricity, freezing, etc.
Term
currettage
Definition
scraping of body cavity
Term
laser surgery
Definition
surgical proc w/intense heat & power @ close range to cut, burn, vaporize or destroy tissue
Term
radical disection
Definition
surgical removal of tissue in extensive area attempting to excise malignant tissue
Term
resection
Definition
partial excision of bone, organ, or other structure
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