Term
| Anatomic reference systems |
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Definition
| Describe the location of the structural units of the body |
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Definition
| Study of the structures of the body |
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| Study of the functions of the structures of the body |
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| Standing up straight, erect and facing forward, arms at the side with the hands turned with the palms turned toward the front. |
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| imaginary vertical and horizontal lines that divide the body into sections for descriptive purposes |
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| Midline, divides the body into equal left and right halves |
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| Unequal left and right portions |
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| Divides the body into upper and lower portions |
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| Divides the body into upper and lower halves |
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| Back of the organ or body |
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| Front, or toward part of an organ |
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| Situated in the back, or back part of an organ |
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| Uppermost, above, or toward the head |
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| Lowermost, below, or toward the feet |
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| Nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure |
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| Farthest from the midline, or beginning of a body structure |
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| Toward or nearer the midline |
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| Toward or nearer the side, away from the midline |
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| Spaces within the body that contain and protect internal organs |
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| back of the body and heads, contains organs of the nervous system which coordinates body functions. |
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| within the skull and surrounds and protects the brain |
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| Within the spinal column, surrounds and protects the spinal cord |
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| Front of the body, contains organs that maintain homeostasis |
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| Maintain a constant internal enviorment |
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| also known as chest cavity or thorax, protects heart and lungs |
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| Muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal caivity |
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| contains major organs of digestion. Frequently refereed to as the abdomen. |
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| space formed by the hip bones, contains organs of reproduction and excretory systems |
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| The abdominal and pelvic cavity as one unit |
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| Relating to the groin, entire lower area of the abdomen |
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| Crease at the junction of the trunk with the upper end of the thigh |
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| Left and right sides, covered by the ribs |
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| Located above the stomach |
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| Left and right sides, near the inward curve of the spine |
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| Part of the back between the ribs and pelvis |
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| Surrounds the umbilicus, also known as the belly button or navel |
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| Left and right sides over the hip bones |
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| Multilayerd membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity |
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| Thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity or divides a space or organ |
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| Outer layer of the peritonuem that lines the interior of the abdominal wall |
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| Fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attches parts of intestine to the interior abdominal wall |
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| Inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity |
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| relating to the internal organs |
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| Inflammation of the peritoneum |
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| Bacis structural and functional units of the body. Specialized and grouped together to form tissue and organs |
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| Study of the anatomy, physiology, pathology and chemistry of a cell |
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| Tissue that surrounds and protects the contents of the cell by seperating them from its external enviroment |
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| Material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus |
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| Surrounded by the nuclear membrane, controls activites of the cell, and helps cell to divide |
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| unspecialized, renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division. Can be transformed into cells with special functions |
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Definition
| Somatic stem cells, undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ. Maintain and repair tissue |
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| Graft versus host disease |
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Definition
| Rejection of stem cells becuase donor and recipiant arent a perfect match |
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Definition
| undifferentiated cells, ability to form any adult cell. Does not require perfect match, more primative |
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| Where embryonic stem cells come from found in unbilical cord and placenta |
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| Physicla function unit of heredity |
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| Study of how genes are transfered from partents to their children, and role of genes in health and disease. |
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| Specialist in the feild of genetics |
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| Inhereited from either parent, will inherit the genetic condition |
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| Inherited from both parents , will have the condition |
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| group of inhereited red blood cell disorders |
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| Set of genetic information of an individual |
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| genetic structures located within the nucleus of each cell, made up of DNA. Keeps information neat, organized, and compact |
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| Any cell in the body except the gamets (sex cells), pertaining to the body in general |
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| sperm or egg, all known as a gamete, only type of cell that does not contain 46 chromosomes |
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| Deoxyribonucleic acid, located on pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, information essential fir heredity, apperance, disease |
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| shape twisted like a spiral staircase |
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| Two strands twisted together |
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| Change of the sequence of a DNA molecule, caused by radiation exposure, or polluion |
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| Change within the cells, affect the individual but cant be transmitted |
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| Change within the genes in gamet or sex cell, can be transmitted |
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| manipulating of splicing of genes for scientific or medical purposes |
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| Genetic disorder that is passed from parent to childen. Nerve degeneration with symptoms appearing in midlife. Eventually results in uncontrolled movments, and lost of mental abilities |
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| Also known as a hereditary disorder, is a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene |
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| Present at birth and affects the respitory and digestive system |
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| Genetic variation, characteristic facial apperance, learning disabilities, and physical abnormalities |
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| Group of hereditary bleeding disorders, blood clotting factor is missing |
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| Genetic disorder, progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeltal msuucle that control movements |
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| PKU, genetic disorder, digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing. |
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| Fatal genetic disorder, harmful quantities of a fatty substance buildup in tissues and nerve cells in the brain, both parents must carry it. |
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| group or layer of similarly specialized cells that join together to perform specific functions |
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| Study of the structure, composition and function of tissue |
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| Specialist in the study of the organization of tissues at all levels |
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Definition
| Protective covering for all the internal and external surfaces, also form glands |
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Definition
| Specialized epithelial tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin, and the surface layer of the mucous membranes |
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Definition
| Lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands and organs |
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| Support and connect organs and other body tissue |
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| Bone and cartilage, from joints and frame |
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| Fat, provides protective padding, insulation and support |
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| Surrounds various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels |
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| Blood and lymph, transport nutrients and waste products thoughout the body |
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| Cells with ability to contract and relax |
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Definition
| ability to react to stimuli and to conduct electrical impulses |
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| Defective development, congenital absence of an oragan or tissue |
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| incomplete development of an organ or tissue, deficiency in the number of cells |
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| Change in the structure of cells, orientation to each other |
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| Abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues or organs |
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| Enlargment of an organ or tissue of becuase of increase in the number of cells in the tissue |
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| Increase in the bulk of a body part or organ, due to increase in size, but no in the number of cells in the tissue |
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| Specialized epithelial cells, capable of producing secretions |
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| sweat glands, secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead to organs or out of the body |
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| produce hormones, dont not have ducts, secreted directly into bloodstream |
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| Study of medical problems and care in the aged, also known as gerontology |
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| Specializes in the care of older people, also known as gerontologist |
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| Earlier than 37 weeks of development, breathing difficulties and heart problems are common |
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| congenital disorder, not present before the events surrounding the time of birth. |
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Definition
| results of brain damage, caused by premature birth or inadequate oxygen to brain during the birthing process |
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Definition
| inflammation of the gland |
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Definition
| malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue |
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| harmful, capable of spreading, life threatening |
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| Benign tumor that arises, or resembles glandular tissue |
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Definition
| abnormal softening of a gland |
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| Any disease of condition of a gland |
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| Abnormal hardening of a gland |
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| Surgical removal of a gland |
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| Independent part, performs a specific function |
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| Study of the nature and cause of disease that involves changes in structure and function |
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| specializes in labratory analysis of tissue samples to confirm or establish a disnosis |
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| Study of the causes of dieases |
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| contagious disease, transmited from one person to another, direct or indirect contact |
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| Indirect contact transmission |
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Definition
| infected by contact with contaminated surface |
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Definition
| through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood |
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| Contact with contaminated respitory droplets, spread by a cough or sneeze |
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| foodborne and waterborne transmission |
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Definition
| Fecal-oral transmission, eating or drinking contaminated food or water, not been properaly treated to remove pathogens |
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| Vector-borne transmission |
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| Due to bite by a vector, insects or animals |
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| Specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group |
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| Ongoing presence of a disease within a population |
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| Disease within a specific population |
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| outbreak over a large geographic region, possibly worldwide |
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| no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified |
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| unfavorible response due to prescribed medical treatment |
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| Illness without known cause |
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| caused by living pathogenic organisms, bacteria |
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| Disease aquired in a hospital or clincal setting |
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| Caused by a dectable physical change in body |
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| Disease that exists at the time of birth |
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| birth defect, result in an anomaly or malformation |
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| Deviation from what is regarded as normal |
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| congenital absence of a normal opening, or failure of a structure to be tubular |
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| mopthers health, behavior, and medical care that she does or doesnt recieve before delivery |
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Definition
| Caused by mothers consumption of alcohol during pregnancy,growth abnormalities, mental retardation, brain damage, and socialization difficulties |
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