Shared Flashcard Set

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Medical Terminology 5
Chapters 12, 13, 14
179
Medical
Undergraduate 2
12/08/2009

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Actinic Keratosis
Definition
is a precancerous skin growth that occurs on sun-damaged skin.
Term
Albinism
Definition

is a genetic condition characterized by a deficiency or the absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and irises of the eyes.

 

Albin- white

-ism- condition

Term
Alopecia
Definition

aka "Baldness"

 

is the partial or complete loss of hair, most commonly on the scalp.

Term
Blepharoplasty
Definition

aka "lid lift"

 

is the surgical reduction of the upper and lower eyelids by removing excess fat, skin, and muscle.

Term
Bulla
Definition
is a large blister, less than 0.5 cm in diameter, containing watery fluid.
Term
Carbuncle
Definition
is a cluster of connected furuncles.
Term
Cellulitis
Definition
is an acute, rapidly spreading infection within the connective tissues that is characterized by malaise, swelling, warmth, and red streaks.
Term
Chloasma
Definition

aka "Mask of pregnancy"

 

is a pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots on the face.

Term
Cicatrix
Definition
is a normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound.
Term
Comedo
Definition
is a non-infected lesion formed by the buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle.
Term
Debridement
Definition
is the removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection and to promote healing.
Term
Dermatitis
Definition

inflammation of the skin.

 

Dermat- skin

-itis- inflammation

Term
Diaphoresis
Definition
is profuse sweating.
Term
Dysplastic nevi
Definition
is a precancerous skin growth that occurs on sun-damaged skin.
Term
Ecchymosis
Definition

aka "Bruise"

 

is a large, irregular area of purplish discoloration due to bleeding under the skin.

 

ecchym- pouring out of juice

-osis- abnormal condition

Term
Eczema
Definition
is a form of persistent or recurring dermatitis that is usually characterized by redness, itching, and dryness, with possible blistering, cracking, oozing, or bleeding.
Term
Erythema
Definition

is redness of the skin due to capillary dilation.

 

Erythem- flushed

-a- noun ending

Term
Erythroderma
Definition

is abnormal redness of the entire skin surface.

 

Erythr/o- red

-derma- skin

Term
Exfollative Dermatitis
Definition
is a condition in which there is widespread scaling of the skin, often with pruritus, erythroderma, and hair loss.
Term
Folliculitis
Definition
is an inflammation of the hair follicles.
Term
Furuncles
Definition

aka "Boils"

 

are large, tender, swollen areas caused by a staphylococcal infection or other disease.

Term
Granuloma
Definition
is a general term used to describe small, knot-like swellings of granulation tissue in the epidermis.
Term
Hematoma
Definition

which is usually caused by an injury, is a swelling of clotted blood trapped in the tissues.

 

Hemat- blood

-oma- tumors

Term
Hirsutism
Definition
is the presence of excessive body and facial hair in women, usually occurring in a male pattern.
Term
Ichthyosis
Definition

is a group of hereditary disorders characterized by dry, thickened, and scaly skin.

 

Ichthy- dry or scaly

-osis- abnormal condition

Term
Impetigo
Definition
is a highly contagious bacterial skin infection that commonly occurs in children.
Term
Keloid
Definition

is an abnormally thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the incision.

 

Kel- growth or tumor

-oid- resembling

Term
Keratosis
Definition

is any skin growth, such as a wart or a callus, in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin.

 

Kerat- hard or horny

-osis- abnormal condition

Term
Koilonychia
Definition

aka "Spoon Nail"

 

is a malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out like the bowl of a spoon.

Term
Lipedema
Definition

aka "Painful fat syndrome"

 

is a chronic abnormal condition that is characterized by the accumulation of fat and fluid in the tissues just under the skin of the hips and legs.

Term
Lipoma
Definition
is a benign, slow-growing fatty tumor located between the skin and the muscle layer.
Term
Lupus erythematosus
Definition

aka "Lupus"

 

is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk.

Term
Macule
Definition

aka "Macula"

 

is a discolored, flat spot that is less than 1 cm in diameter.

Term
Malignant melanoma
Definition

aka "Melanoma"

 

is a type of skin cancer that occurs in the melanocytes.

Term
Miliaria
Definition

aka "Heat Rash"

 

is an intensely itchy rash caused by blockage of the sweat glands by bacteria and dead cells.

Term
Necrotizing fasciitis
Definition

aka "Flesh eating bacteria"

 

is a severe infection caused by a Group A strep bacteria

Term
Onychocryptosis
Definition

aka "Ingrown Toenail"

 

 

Term
Onychomycosis
Definition
is a fungal infection of the nail.
Term
Papilloma
Definition
is a benign, superficial wart-like growth on the epithelial tissue or elsewhere in the body, such as in the bladder.
Term
Papule
Definition
is a small, raised red lesion that is less than 0.5 cm in diameter and does not contain pus.
Term
Paronychia
Definition
is an acute or chronic infection of the skin fold around the nail.
Term
Pediculosis
Definition

aka "Lice"

is an infestation of lice.

 

Term
Petechiae
Definition
are very small, pinpoint hemorrhages that are less than 2 mm in diameter.
Term
Pruritus
Definition

aka "Itching"

 

is associated with most forms of dermatitis.

Term
Psoriasis
Definition
is a common skin disorder characterized by flare-ups in which red papules covered with silvery scales occur on the elbows, knees, scalp, back, or buttocks.
Term
Purpura
Definition

is the appearance of multiple purple discolorations on the skin causes by bleeding underneath the skin.

 

Purpur- purple

-a- noun ending

Term
Purulent
Definition
means producing or containing pus.
Term
Rhytidectomy
Definition

aka "Facelift"

 

is the surgical removal of excess skin and fat around the face to eliminate wrinkles.

Term
Rosacea
Definition

aka "Adult Acne"

 

is characterized by tiny red pimples and broken blood vessels.

Term
Scabies
Definition
is a skin infection caused by an infestation with the itch mite, which caused small, itchy bumps and blisters due to tiny mites that burrow into the top layer of human skin to lay their eggs.
Term
Scleroderma
Definition
is an autoimmune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened, causing the skin to become hard and swollen.
Term
Seborrhea
Definition
is overactivity of the sebaceous glands that results in the production of an excessive amount of sebum.
Term
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Definition
originates as a malignant tumor of the scaly squamous cells of the epithelium; however, it can quickly spread to other body systems.
Term
Strawberry Hemangioma
Definition

is a soft, raisedm dark-reddish-purple birthmark.

 

Hem- blood

-angi/o- blood or lymph vessels

-oma- tumor

Term
Tinea
Definition

aka "Ringworm" 

 

is a fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair, or nails.

Term
Urticaria
Definition

aka "Hives"

 

are itchy wheals caused by an allergic reaction.

Term
Verrucae
Definition

aka "Warts"

 

are small, hard skin lesions caused by the human papilloma virus.

Term
Vitiligo
Definition
is a skin condition resulting from the destruction of the melanocytes due to unknown causes.
Term
Wheal
Definition

aka "Welt"

 

is a small bump that itches.

Term
Xeroderma
Definition

aka "Xerosis"

 

is excessively dry skin.

Term
Acromegaly
Definition
is abnormal enlargement of the extremities (hands and feet) that is caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty.
Term
Addison's Disease
Definition
occurs when the adrenal gland do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone.
Term
Adrenalitis
Definition
is the inflammation of the adrenal glands.
Term
Aldosteronism
Definition
regulates the salt and water levels in the body by increasing sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion by the kidneys.
Term
Antidiuretic hormone
Definition
Secreted by the hypothalamus, then stored and released from the pituitary gland, helps control blood pressure by reducing the amount of water that is excreted.
Term
Calcitonin
Definition
Works with the parathyroid hormone to regulate calcium levels in the blood and tissues.
Term
Chemical thyroidectomy
Definition

aka "Radioactive Iodine Therapy"

 

is the administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells.

Term
Conn's syndrome
Definition
is a disorder of the adrenal glands due to excessive production of aldosterone.
Term
Cortisol
Definition
Regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the body. Also has an anti-inflammatory action.
Term
Cretinism
Definition
is a congenital form of hypothyroidism. 
Term
Cushing's syndrome
Definition

aka "Hypercortisolism"

 

is caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol.

Term
Diabetes insipidus
Definition
is caused by insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone or by the inability of the kidneys to respond appropriately to this hormone.
Term
Diabetes mellitus
Definition
is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
Term
Diabetic retinopathy
Definition
occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina, causing blood to leak into the posterior segment of the eyeball.
Term
Electrolytes
Definition
are mineral substances, such as sodium and potassium, that are normally founded in the blood.
Term
Epinephrine
Definition
Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system.
Term
Estrogen
Definition
Develops and maintains the female secondary sex characteristics and regulates the menstrual cycle.
Term
Exophthalmos
Definition
is an abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit.
Term
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Definition
In the female, stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of ova (eggs). In the male, stimulates the production of sperm.
Term
Fructosamine test
Definition
measures average glucose levels over the past 3 weeks.
Term
Gestational diabetes
Definition
is a form of diabetes mellitus that occurs during some pregnancies.
Term
Gigantism
Definition

aka "Giantism"

 

is abnormal overgrowth of the entire body that is caused by excessive secretion of the growth hormone BEFORE puberty.

Term
Glucagon
Definition
Increases the level of glucose in the bloodstream.
Term
Glucose
Definition

aka "Blood Sugar"

 

is the basic form of energy used by the body.

Term
Glycogen
Definition
is the form in which the liver stores the excess glucose.
Term
Graves' disease
Definition
which is an autoimmune disorder that is caused by hyperthyroidism, is characterized by goiter and/or exophthalmos.
Term
Gynecomastia
Definition
is the condition of excessive mammary development in the male.
Term
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Definition

aka "Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis"

 

is an autoimmune disease in which the body's own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland.

Term
Hypercalcemia
Definition
is characterized by abnormally high concentrations of calcium circulating in the blood instead of being stored in the bones.
Term
Hypercrinism
Definition
is a condition due to excessive secretion of any gland, especially an endocrine gland.
Term
Hyperglycemia
Definition
is an abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood.
Term
Hyperinsulinism
Definition
is the condition of excessive secretion of insulin in the bloodstream. 
Term
Hyperpituitarism
Definition
is pathology resulting in the excessive secretion by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
Term
Hyperthyroidism
Definition

aka "Thyrotoxicosis"

 

is an imbalance of metabolism caused by the overproduction of thyroid hormones.

Term
Hypoglycemia
Definition
is an abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood.
Term
Hypothyroidism
Definition

aka "Underactive Thyroid"

 

is caused by a deficiency of thyroid secretion.

Term
Insulinoma
Definition
is a benign tumor of the pancreas that causes hypoglycemia by secreting additional insulin.
Term
Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone
Definition
Stimulates ovulation in the female. Stimulates the secretion of testosterone in the male.
Term
Laparoscopic adrenalectomy
Definition
is a minimally invasive procedure to surgically remove one or both adrenal glands.
Term
Leptin
Definition
is a hormone secreted by adipocytes (fat cells).
Term
Luteinizing Hormone
Definition
In females, stimulates ovulation. In the male, stimulates testosterone secretion.
Term
Myxedema
Definition

aka "Adult Hypothyroidism"

 

is caused by extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion.

Term
Norepinephrine
Definition
Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system.
Term
Oxytocin
Definition
Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth. It also causes milk to flow from the mammary glands after childbirth.
Term
Pancreatalgia
Definition
is pain in the pancreas.
Term
Pancreatitis
Definition
is an inflammation of the pancreas.
Term
Pheochromaocytoma
Definition
is a benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that causes the gland to produce excess epinephrine.
Term
Pinealoma
Definition
is a tumor of the pineal gland that can disrupt the production of melatonin.
Term
Pituitarism
Definition
is any disorder of pituitary function.
Term
Pituitary Adenoma
Definition

aka "Pituitary tumor"

 

is a slow-growing, benign tumor of the pituitary gland.

Term
Polydipsia
Definition
is excessive thirst.
Term
Polyphagia
Definition
is excessive hunger.
Term
Polyuria
Definition
excessive urination.
Term
Progesterone
Definition
Completes preparation of the uterus for possible pregnancy.
Term
Prolactinoma
Definition

aka "Prolactin-producing adenoma"

 

is a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes it to produce too much prolactin.

Term
Testosterone
Definition
Stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics.
Term
Thymectomy
Definition
is the surgical removal of the thymus gland.
Term
Thymitis
Definition
is an inflammation if the thymus gland.
Term
Thymosin
Definition
Plays an important role in the immune system.
Term
Thyroxine
Definition
Regulates rate of metabolism
Term
Amenorrhea
Definition
is an abnormal absence of menstrual periods for 3 or more months.
Term
Amniocentesis
Definition
is a surgical puncture with a needle to obtain a specimen of amniotic fluid.
Term
Andropause
Definition

aka "Male Menopause"

 

is marked by the decrease of the male hormone testosterone.

Term
Apgar score
Definition
is a scale of 1-10 to evaluate a newborn infant's physical status at 1 and 5 minutes after birth.
Term
Azoospermia
Definition
is the absence of sperm in the semen.
Term
Cervical dysplasia
Definition

aka "Precancerous lesions"

 

is the growth of abnormal cells in the cervix, which can be detected by a pap smear.

Term
Cervicitis
Definition
is an inflammation of cervix that is usually caused by an infection.
Term
Chlamydia
Definition
which is caused by the bacterium "Chlamydia trachomatis", is the most commonly reported STD in the US.
Term
Chorionic villus sampling
Definition
is the examination of cells retrieved from the chorionic villi, which are minute, vascular projections on the chorion.
Term
Colostrum
Definition
is a specialized form of milk that delivers essential nutrients and antibodies in a form that the newborn can digest.
Term
Colpopexy
Definition

aka "Vaginofixation"

 

is the surgical fixation of a prolapsed vagina to a surrounding structure such as the abdominal wall.

Term
Colposcopy
Definition
is the visual examination of the tissues of the cervix and vagina.
Term
Dysmenorrhea
Definition
is pain caused by uterine cramps during a menstrual period.
Term
Eclampsia
Definition
which is more serious form of preeclampsia, is characterized by convulsions and sometimes coma. 
Term
Ectopic pregnancy
Definition

aka "Extrauterine pregnancy"

 

is a potentially dangerous condition in which a fertilized egg is implanted and begins to develop outside of the uterus.

Term
Endocervicitis
Definition
is an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the cervix.
Term
Endometriosis
Definition
is a condition in which patches of endometrial tissue escape the uterus and become attached to other structures in the pelvic cavity.
Term
Epididymitis
Definition
is the inflammation of the epididymis that is frequently caused by the spread of infection from the urethra or the bladder.
Term
Episiotomy
Definition
is a surgical incision made through the perineum to enlarge the vaginal orifice to prevent tearing of the tissues as the infant moves out of the birth canal.
Term
Fibroadenoma
Definition
is a round, firm, rubbery mass that arises from excess growth of glandular and connective tissue in the breast.
Term
Fibrocystic breast disease
Definition
is the presence of single or multiple benign cysts in the breasts.
Term
Galactorrhea
Definition
is the production of breast milk in a women who is not breast feeding.
Term
Gonorrhea
Definition
is a highly contagious condition caused by the bacterium "Neisseria gonorrhea".
Term
Hemospermia
Definition
is the presence of blood in the seminal fluid.
Term
Hydrocele
Definition
is a fluid-filled sac in the scrotum along the spermatic cord leading from the testicles.
Term
Hypomenorrhea
Definition
is an unusually small amount of menstrual flow during a shortened regular menstrual period.
Term
Hysterectomy
Definition
is the surgical removal to the uterus.
Term
Hysterosalpingography
Definition
is a radiographic examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes.
Term
Hysteroscopy
Definition
is the direct visual examination of the interior of the uterus and the fallopian tubes.
Term
Leukorrhea
Definition
is a profuse, whitish mucus discharge from the uterus and vagina.
Term
Mastalgia
Definition

aka "Mastodynia"

 

is pain in the breast.

Term
Mastopexy
Definition
is mammoplasty to affix sagging breasts in a more elevated positions.
Term
Menarache
Definition
is the beginning of the menstrual function.
Term
Menometrorrhagia
Definition

aka "Intermenstrual bleeding"

 

is excessive uterine bleeding at both the usual time or menstrual periods and at other irregular intervals.

Term
Metrorrhea
Definition
is an abnormal discharge, such as mucus or pus, from the uterus.
Term
Neonate
Definition
a baby during the first 4 weeks after birth.
Term
Nulligravida
Definition
is a women who has never been pregnant.
Term
Nullipara
Definition
is a women who has never borne a viable child.
Term
Obstetrician
Definition
is a physician who specializes in providing medical care to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and immediately thereafter.
Term
Oligomenorrhea
Definition
is the term used to describe infrequent or very light menstruation in a women with previous normal periods.
Term
Orchidectomy
Definition
is the surgical removal of one or both testicles.
Term
Orchiopexy
Definition
is endoscopic surgery to move an undescended testicle into normal position in the scrotum.
Term
Ovariectomy
Definition

aka "Oophorectomy"

 

is the surgical removal of one or both ovaries.

Term
Ovariorrhexis
Definition
is the rupture of an ovary.
Term
Perimenopause
Definition
is the term used to distinguish the transition phase between regular menstrual periods and no periods at all.
Term
Peyronie's Disease
Definition

aka "Penile curvature"

 

is a form of sexual dysfunction in which the penis is bent or curved during erection.

Term
Placenta previa
Definition
is the abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus.
Term
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Definition
is any inflammation of the female reproductive organs that is not associated with surgery or pregnancy.
Term
Preeclampsia
Definition

aka "Toxemia"

 

is a complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria.

Term
Priapism
Definition
is a painful erection that lasts 4 hours or more but is not accompanied by sexual excitement.
Term
Primigravida
Definition
a women during her first pregnancy.
Term
Primipara
Definition
a women who has borne one viable child.
Term
Pruitus vulvae
Definition
is a condition of severe itching of the external female genitalia.
Term
Salpingo-oophorectomy
Definition
is the surgical removal of a fallopian tube and ovary.
Term
Syphilis
Definition
is caused by the bacterium "Treponema pallidum", Syphilis is highly contagious and is passed from person to person through direct contact with a chancre, which is a sore caused by Syphilis.
Term
Trichomoniasis
Definition

aka "Trich"

 

is an infection caused by the protozoan parasite "Trichomonas vaginalis", one of the most common symptoms in infected women is a thin, frothy, yellow-green, foul-smelling vaginal discharge.

Term
Uterine prolapse
Definition

aka "Pelvic floor hernia"

is the condition in which the uterus slides from its normal position in the pelvic cavity and sags into the vagina.

Term
Varicocele
Definition
is a knot of varicose veins in one side of the scrotum.
Term
Vasovasostomy
Definition

aka "Vesectomy Reversal"

 

is a procedure performed as an attempt to restore fertility to a vasectomized male.

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