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| Medication coats underside of a patch, patch applied to skin, and medication absorbed across skin. |
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| Birth Control patches and nicotine |
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| Study of origin, characteristic and effects of drugs and drugs may be from our food - vitamins, from animals - hormones, from fungi - antibiotics, from plants - very common source of drugs and synthetic - artificially produced in lab |
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| Describes chemical formula and molecular structure |
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| Generic or non-proprietary name |
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| Brand or proprietary name |
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| Manufacture's trademark name |
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| Requires prescription written by licensed healthcare practitioner and written explanation to pharmacist |
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| Over-the-counter (OTC) drug |
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| Does not require prescription |
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| Have potential for being addictive (habit-forming) or can be misused, Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) enforces control of these drugs, and classified by potential for abuse (Schedule I through Schedule V) |
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| Schedule 1 for Controlled Substances |
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| Highest potential for addiction - examples: heroin and LSD |
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| Schedule II for Controlled Substances |
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| High potential for addiction - example: codeine, morphine |
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| Schedule III for Controlled Substances |
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| Moderate potential for addiction - example: butabarbital |
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| Schedule IV for Controlled Substances |
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| Lower potential for addiction - examples: phenobartital, diazepam |
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| Schedule V for Controlled Substances |
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| Low potential for addiction - example: codeine cough suppressant |
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| Symbols and abbreviations |
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| Based on Latin and Greek words and used to save time |
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| Means to be taken by mouth and come from Latin term per os. meaning by mouth |
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| Must contain: Date, physician's name, address, and DEA number, patient's name, patient's date of birth and must be signed. |
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| Instructions to Pharmacist |
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| Rx - name and size of medication, Sig - instructions for label (Amount to take per dose-1 tablet, When to take - at bedtime, How to take - with food, Disp - Number to dispense, Number of time be refilled, and May or may not substitute generic. |
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| Routes of Drug Administration |
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| Method by with drug introduced into body, to be effective, drugs must be administered by a particular route, in some cases, there may be a variety of routes by which a drug can be administered. |
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| Drugs that are given by mouth, Advantages-ease if administration, slow rate of absorption by digestive system, Disadvantages - Also includes slowness of absorption, some chemicals don't tolerate stomach acid, and some medications, such as aspirin, can have corrosive action on stomach lining. |
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| Held under tongue and not swallowed, medication absorbed by blood vessels on underside of tongue as saliva dissolves it, rate of absorption is quicker than oral, example: Nitroglycerin for chest pain |
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| Drugs inhaled directly into nose or mouth Example: Aerosol sprays |
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| Invasive method of administering drugs - requires skin to be punctured by needle, Needle with syringe attached is introduced: under skin - subcutaneous and intradermal, into muscle: intramuscular, into vein: intravenous, and into body cavity - intracavitary |
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| Introduced directly into rectal cavity in form of suppositories, used this route if patient unable to take them by mouth - Nausea, vomiting, and surgery |
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| Applied directly to skin or mucous membranes, they are distributed in ointment, cream, or lotion and are used to treat skin infections |
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| Inserted vaginally, dissolving tablets and suppositories, and treats vaginal yeast infections and other irritations |
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| Used during eye examinations - dilate pupil of eye for better examination of interior of eye and used of treat - increased eye pressure in glaucoma and eye infections. |
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| Placed directly into ear canal and used to relieve ear pain and treat ear infections |
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| Drugs that are placed: Under lip and between cheek and gum |
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| acquired dependence on drug |
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| action of two drugs given together is the sum of their individual actions |
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| substance to neutralize a poison |
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| drug is effective against wide range of microorganisms |
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| condition under which a drug should not be used |
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| action that occurs when drug accumulates in body |
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| effect of one drug affects the effect of a second drug given at same time |
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| decreased sensitivity to drug after continued use |
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| develop emotional dependence on drug |
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| unfavorable response from taking a drug |
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| unexpected response to drug |
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| inactive substance used to satisfy patient's desire for medication |
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| a second drug given to boost effect of first drug |
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| drug given to prevent a disease |
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| response to drug other than the desired action |
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| developed capacity to withstand larger amounts of a substance |
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| degree to which a substance is poisonous |
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| drugs prepackaged in individual doses |
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| c (should have a bar over the top of the c) |
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| Federal Drug Administration |
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| p (has a line over the p) |
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| patient-controlled administration |
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| Physician's Desk Reference |
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| s (has a line above the s) |
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