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| Contains sensory receptors for hearing and equilibrium (balance) |
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| Study of hearing disorders |
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| Ear responsible for two senses. |
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| Hearing and equilibrium or sense of balance |
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| Sensory information carried to brain |
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| Only portion visible, captures sound waves, directs them through external auditory meatus |
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| Produced by oil glands in auditory canal and oily wax slowly flows out of ear canal removing dirt that has stuck to it |
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| Commonly called eardrum, sound waves strike membrane, causes it to vibrate, and separated external ear from middle ear |
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| Small cavity, located in temporal bone of skull, contains three tiny bones called ossicles (Malleus, Incus, and Stapes) |
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| Tympanic membrane vibrates incus, vibrations amplify as they move, staples transmits vibration to oval window (start of inner ear) |
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| Also called auditory tube, connects nasopharynx with middle ear, opens with each swallow, and equalizes pressure between middle ear cavity and atmospheric pressure |
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| It has Labyrinth which is a cavity within temporal bone and contains sensory organs. |
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| Cavity withing temporal bone and houses inner ear |
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| Consists of Cochlea and organ of Corti |
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| Contains Semicircular canals, utricle, and saccule |
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| Sound waves travel down external auditory canal, strike eardrum and eardrum vibrates, ossicles condduct vibrations across middle ear from eardrum to oval window, and oval window movements initiate vibrations in fluid that fills cochlea, fluid vibrations strike hair cells, bending small hairs and stimulating nerve endings, and never ending sends electrical impulse to brain on cochlear portion of vestibulocochlear nerve |
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| Disease or malformation of outer or middle ear and all sounds is weaker and muffled since it is not conducted correctly to inner ear |
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| Sensorineural hearing loss |
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| Damage or malformation of inner ear (cochlea) or the cochlear nerve and sounds are distorted because nerve impulse is incorrect |
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| instrument to measure hearing |
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| inflammation of eustachian tube |
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| incision into eustachian tube |
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| surgical repair of eardrum |
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| abnormal condition of ear fungus |
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| discharge of pus from ear |
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| instrument to measure eardrum |
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| surgical repair of eardrum |
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| American Sign Language (ASL) |
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| nonverbal method of communicating using hands and fingers to represent words and concepts |
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| measures loudness of sound |
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| otorhinolaryngology (ENT) |
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| diagnosis and treatment of diseases or ear, nose, and throat |
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| normal loss of hearing with age |
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| amount of hearing remaining after damage has occurred |
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| total absence of hearing; total deafness |
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| inability to hear or having some degree of hearing impairment |
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| excessive accumulation of earwax forming hard wax plug |
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| external ear infection; often by fungus; also called otomycosis or swimmer's ear |
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| infection of middle ear; most commonly seen in children; watery fluid (serous otitis media) accumulates in middle ear cavity |
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| loss of mobility of stapes bone; leads to hearing loss as it cannot vibrate |
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| benign tumor of cochlear nerve; symptoms include tinnitus, headache, dizziness, and hearing loss |
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| inner ear infection; causes hearing and equilibrium symptoms |
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| progressive hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus; causes not well understood |
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| test of hearing ability in regards to both intensity and pitch person is able to hear |
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| Rinne & Weber tuning fork tests |
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| use of a tuning fork placed either next to ear or against skull to assess both nerve and bone conduction of sound |
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| examination of ear canal and eardrum |
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| measurement of movement of tympanic membrane to asses pressure inside middle ear |
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| assesses equilibrium; balancing one one foot with eyes open and the closed |
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| mechanical device used amplify sound |
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| mechanical device surgically placed behind outer ear; converts sound into magnetic impulses to stimulate auditory nerve; treats sensorineural hearing loss |
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| incision into eardrum to drain fluid accumulated in middle ear cavity |
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| pressure equalizing tube (PE tube) |
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| surgical placement of tube in eardrum to allow for continuous drainage of fluid from middle ear cavity |
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| replacement of damaged stapes |
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| eardrops to treat otitis extrena |
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| treats nausea associated with vertigo |
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| anti-inflammatory otic solution |
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| reduces inflammation and itching of otitis extrena |
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| head, eyes, ears, nose, throat |
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| partial ossicular replacement prosthesis |
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| total ossicular replacement prosthesis |
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| Organ of sight, that transmits external image using sensory impulses via optic nerve to brain, and brain translates sensory impulses into image. |
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| Composed to three layers; sclera, choroid, and retina |
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| Outermost layer, tough protective layer, another term for white of eye, and anterior portion is cornea |
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| Anterior portion of sclera, clear, transparent, allows light to enter, and bends or refracts light rays. |
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| Middle layer, provides blood supply for eye, anterior portion includes the iris, pupil, and ciliary body |
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| Colored portion of eye, smooth muscle that changes size of pupil |
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| Opening in center of iris and allows light to enter into eyeball |
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| Behind iris, not actually part of choroid layer and attached to ciliary body |
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| Pulls on edge of lens and changes shape of lens so it can focus light onto retina |
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| Contains sensory receptor cells that detect light rays |
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| Active in dim light and see gray tones |
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| Active only in bright light and color vision |
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| Area of retina where image forms |
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| Depression in center of macula lutea, high number of cones, and point of clearest vision |
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| Point where the optic nerve leaves eyeball, retinal blood vessels enter and leave though optic disk, and no rods and cones which results in blind spot in each eye's field of vision |
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| Watery fluid that is located between comes and lens |
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| Aqueous humor (eye fluid) |
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| Semi-solid gel located between lens and retina |
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| Vitreous humor (eye fluid) |
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| Six muscles that connect eyeball to skull and contract in combination to change direction in which each eye is looking |
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| 2 muscles pull on an angle |
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| A pair cover each eyeball, provide protection from foreign particles, injury, sun, and trauma, both upper and lower edges have eyelashes or cilia that protect eye from foreign particles, and sebaceous glands located in eyelids secrete a lubricating oil onto surface of eyeball |
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| Both upper and lower edges have these to protect eye from foreign particles |
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| Located in eyelids that secrete a lubricating oil onto surface of eyeball. |
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| A mucous membrane, forms continuous covering on underside of each eyelid and across anterior surface of each eyeball also protects eyeball |
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| Lacrimal gland and Lacrimal ducts make this |
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| Located under outer upper corner of each eyelid, produces tears, and tears wash and lubricate anterior surface of eyeball |
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| Located in inner corner of eye socket, collect tears, drain into this duct and ultimately drain into nasal cavity |
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| Light rays pass through cornea, pupil, aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous humor then strike retina by stimulating rods and cones |
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| Upside-down image forms on retina, optic nerve transmits this image to brain, and brain turn upside-down image into right-side up image |
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| Requires four mechanisms: Coordination of external eye muscles so that both eyes move together, correct amount of light admitted by pupil, correct focus of light upon retina by lens, and optic nerve transmitting sensory images to brain |
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| surgical repair of eyelid |
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| pertaining to conjunctiva |
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| inflammation of conjunctiva |
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| surgical repair of conjunctiva |
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| paralysis of ciliary body |
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| inflammation of tear bladder |
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| incision into iris and sclera |
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| instrument to measure cornea |
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| abnormal condition of eye fungus |
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| instrument to view inside eye |
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| instrument to measure eye |
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| surgical fixation of retina |
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| severely impaired vision; having 20/200 acuity |
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| difficulty seeing in dim light; also called night blindness |
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| diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the eye |
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| specialist in grinding corrective lenses |
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| specializing in examining eyes, testing vision, and prescribing corrective lenses |
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| swelling of the optic disk; also called choked disk |
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| strong sensitivity to bright light |
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| visual loss due to old age |
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| unable to perceive one or more colors; color blind |
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| unable to perceive one specific color |
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| loss of vision not as a result of eye pathology; commonly called lazy eye |
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| scraping injury to cornea |
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| blurred vision due to uneven cornea; light rays do not focus sharply on retina |
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| image comes into focus behind retina; can see clearly at a distance but not up close; also called far sightedness |
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| image comes into focus in front of retina; can see clearly up close but not at a distance; also called nearsightedness |
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| damage to lens causing it to become cloudy |
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| chronic increase in intraocular pressure; results in atrophy of optic nerve |
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| deterioration of macula lutea area of retina |
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| separation of retina from choroid layer; damages blood vessels and nerves causing blindness |
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| progressive disease in which retina becomes hard and pigmented, then atrophies |
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| malignant eye tumor occurring in young children |
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| hypertrophied conjunctival tissue in inner corner of eye |
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| chronic bacterial infection of conjunctiva |
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| purulent infection of sebaceous gland of eyelid; also called a stye (so sty) |
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| eye muscle weakness resulting in eyes looking in different directions at same time |
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| type of strabismus with inward turning of eye; also called cross-eyed |
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| type of strabismus with outward turning of eye; also called wall-eyed |
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| loss of vision in half of visual field; often result of a stroke |
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| jerky involuntary eye movements; indicator of brain injury |
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| use of multicolored charts to determine ability to recognize colors |
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| injection of fluorescein dye into bloodstream to observe blood flow within eye |
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| applying fluorescein eye drops to cornea to look for corneal abrasions |
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| measures curvature of cornea |
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| examination of interior of eye |
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| vision test for defect in ability of eye to focus image on retina; tests for hyperopia and myopia |
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| examining posterior surface of cornea |
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| used for testing distance vision |
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| measures intraocular pressure |
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| measures sharpness of vision |
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| use of extremely cold probe to lift cataract from lens |
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| use of high-frequency sound waves to liquefy lens with cataract which is then removed with a needle |
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| surgical repair of cornea with a cornea transplant |
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| surgical removal of eyeball |
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| laser-assisted insitu keratomileusis (LASIK) |
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| correction of myopia using laser surgery to remove corneal tissue |
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| photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) |
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| use of laser to reshape cornea; treats myopia |
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| spoke-like incision around cornea to flatten it; treats myopia |
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| surgical fixation of retina using extreme cold |
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| use of laser to destroy very small precise areas of retina |
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| placing band around outside of sclera to stabilize detached retina |
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| incision into eye muscles to correct strabismus |
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| anesthetic ophthalmic solution |
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| antibiotic ophthalmic solution |
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| eyedrops to treat bacterial infection |
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| constricts arterioles of eye to reduce redness and itching |
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| reduces intraocular pressure |
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| age-related macular degeneration |
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| extracapsular cataract extraction |
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| intracapsular cataract extraction |
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| laser assisted in-situ keratomileusis |
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