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| Forms protective two-way barrier and aids in temperature regulation. |
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| Skeleton supports and protects the body, forms blood cells, and stores minerals. Muscles produce movement. |
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| Pumps blood throughout the entire body to transport nutrients, oxygen, and wastes. |
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| Transports oxygen, protects against pathogens, and controls bleeding. |
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| Protects the body from disease and invasion from pathogens. |
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| Obtains oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the body. |
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| Digestive or Gastrointestinal (GI) |
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| Invests, digests, and absorbs nutrients for the body. |
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| Filters waste products out of the blood and removes them from the body. |
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| Produces eggs for reproduction and provides place for growing baby. |
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| Produces sperms for reproduction. |
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| Regulates metabolic activities of the body. |
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| Receives sensory information and coordinates the body's response. |
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| Otorhinolaryngology, pulmonology, thoracic surgery |
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| Digestive or Gastrointestinal |
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| Gastroenterology, proctology |
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| Orthopedics, orthopedic surgery |
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| Right lateral region of upper row beneath the lower ribs |
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| Middle area of upper row above the stomach |
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| Left lateral region of the upper row beneath the lower ribs |
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| Right lateral region of the middle row at the waste |
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| Left lateral region of the middle row at the waste |
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| Central area over the navel. |
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| Right lateral region of the lower row at the groin. |
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| Left lateral region of the lower row at the groin. |
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| Middle region of the lower row beneath the navel. |
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| Sagittal plane (median plane) |
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| The vertical plane (median plane) that runs length-wise front to back and divides the body or any of it's parts into right and left portions. |
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| A cut along the of the sagittal plane yields a sagittal section view of the inside of the body. |
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| Frontal plane (coronal plane) |
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| The frontal (coronal) plane divides the body into front and back portions. This is a vertical lengthwise plane running from side to side. |
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| Frontal section (coronal section) |
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| A cut along the frontal plane which is a view of then inside of the body. |
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| Transverse plane (horizontal plane) |
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| It is a crosswise plane that runs parallel to the ground. A cut that divides the body or it's parts into upper and lower portions. |
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| A cut along the transverse plane yields a view of the inside of the body. |
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| Internal view of structure that is produced by a slice perpendicular to the long axis of the structure. |
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| Internal view of structure that is produced by lengthwise slice along the long axis of the structure. |
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| Two dorsal and two ventral |
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| Thoracic and abdominopelvic |
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| Contains the two lungs and central region between them called mediastinum. |
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| A central region between the lungs which contains the heart, aorta, esophagus, trachea, and the thymus gland. |
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| A physical wall between the thoracic cavity and the abdominaopelvic cavity. A muscle used for breathing. |
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| Contains the superior abdominal and Inferior pelvic cavities |
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| The group of internal organs within the ventral cavities |
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| Cavities and the viscera are in cased in a two layer membrane in the thoracic cavity. |
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| Cavities and the viscera are in cased in a two layer membrane in the abdominopelvic cavity. |
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| Parietal layer (parietal pleura and parietal peritoneum) |
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| The outer layer that lines the cavities. |
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| Visceral layer (visceral pleura and visceral peritoneum. |
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| The inner layer that encases the viscera. |
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| Within the thoracic cavity, the lungs are in this cavity. |
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| Within the thoracic cavity, the heart is in this cavity. |
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| Thoracic cavity, Abdominopelvic cavity (abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity) |
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| Dorsal cavity - Spinal cavity |
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| Dorsal cavity - Cranial cavity |
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| Plaural cavity: lungs, pericardial cavity: heart, and mediastinum: heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland, aorta |
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| Stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and portions of the small intestines and colon |
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| Urinary bladder, ureters, urethra, and portions od the small intestines and colon. Female: uterus, ovaries, Fallopian tubes, vagina. Male: prostrate gland, seminal Vesicles, portion of vas deferens |
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| Neck (connects the head to the trunk (torso)) |
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| Part of the anterior portion of the trunk is the chest. |
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| Part of the anterior portion of the trunk is the abdomen. |
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| Part of the anterior portion of the trunk is the pelvis. |
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| Part of the anterior portion of the trunk is the genital region. |
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| Part of the posterior side of the trunk is the back |
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| Part of the posterior side of the trunk is the vertebrae. |
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| Part of the posterior side of the trunk is the buttock. |
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| Upper extremities (UE) (Brachial region) |
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| Lower extremities (LE) (Crural region) |
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| Lower extremities (LE) (Crural region) |
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| Right upper quadrant (RUQ) |
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Definition
| Contains majority of liver, gallbladder, small portion of pancreas, right kidney, small intestine, and colon. |
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| Right lower quadrant (RLR) |
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Definition
| Contains small intestines and colon, right ovary and Fallopian tube, appendix, and right ureter. |
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| Left upper quadrant (LUQ) |
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Definition
| Contains small portion of liver, spleen, stomach, majority of pancreas, left kidney, small intestine, and colon. |
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| Left lower quadrant (LLQ) |
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| Contains small intestines and colon, left ovary and Fallopian tube, and colon. |
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| Levels of Body Organization |
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| Cells form tissues, tissues form organs, organs form systems, and systems form whole body (=organism) |
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Definition
| Study of cells and their function. Fundamental unit of life, has all properties of being alive, responds to stimuli, engages in metabolic activity, reproduces itself and all tissues and organs in body formed of cells |
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| Individuals perform functions for body: reproduction, hormone secretion, energy production, excretion, special ones carry out very specific functions such as muscle contraction and electrical impulse transmission, they come in different sizes and shapes and all have nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane |
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| Formed when like cells are grouped together to perform an activity, four types: muscle, epithelial, connective, and nervous |
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| Produces movement in body by contracting, composed of individual ____ cells called _____ fibers, three basic types: skeletal-attached to bones, smooth-internal organs like intestine and uterus, and cardiac-only in the heart |
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| Found as lining for internal organs and covering for the skin, close-packed cells that function to: form a protective barrier-skin, absorb-lining of intestine, secrete-sweat glands, and excrete wastes-kidney tubules |
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| Supports and protects, function depends on location, many different forms: adipose, bone, cartilage, and tendons |
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| Composed of cells called neurons, forms the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, and allows for conduction of electrical impulses between brain and rest of body |
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| Composed of several types of tissue, work together as a unit, perform special functions, example: stomach contains-muscle fibers, nerve tissues, epithelial tissue, and connective tissue. |
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| Composed of several organs working together in coordinated manner, perform complex functions, example: stomach plus other digestive organs including mouth, esophagus, liver, pancreas, small intestines, and colon work together to break down, digest, and absorb food |
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| Two way barrier and temperature regulation. Organs: skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands. |
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| Musculoskeletal System-Skeleton |
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Definition
| Supports and protects body, forms blood cells, stores minerals, organs: bones and joints |
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| Musculoskeletal System - Muscles |
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Definition
| Produce movement and organs: muscles |
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| Pumps blood to transport nutrients, oxygen, and wastes and organs: heart, arteries, and veins |
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| Transports oxygen, protects, and controls bleeding, components: plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets |
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| Protects body and Organs: lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus gland, and tonsils |
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| Obtains oxygen and removes carbon dioxide with organs: nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungs |
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| Ingest, digest, and absorb nutrients with organs: oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, color, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas |
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| Filters waste and removes from body with organs: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra |
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| Female Reproductive System |
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| Provides eggs and provides place for baby with organs: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, and breast. |
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| Produces sperm and with organ: testes, epididymis, vas deferens, penis, seminal vesicles, prostrate glans, bulbourethral glands |
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| Regulates metabolic activity with organs: pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, ovaries, and testes |
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| Receives sensory information and coordinates response with organs: brain, spinal cord, and nerves |
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| Hearing and balance with organs: ears |
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